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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effects of prostaglandin E2 analogue suppository on blood loss in suction abortion.

The purpose of the present clinical investigation was to determine the effect of preoperative treatment with a long-acting prostaglandin suppository containing 9-deoxo-16,16-dimethyl-9-methylene prostaglandin E2 on uterine blood loss in patients undergoing preoperative cervical dilatation before transcervical abortion. Ninety-five young women in the ninth to 14th week of gestation were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Patients in group 1 were treated with a long-acting prostaglandin suppository and group 2 patients acted as control subjects. At the end of three hours, patients in both groups underwent abortion with careful intraoperative measurement of blood loss in both groups. The blood loss in the prostaglandin-treated group was significantly lower than that in the control group (69.0 +/- 14.1 mL versus 151.1 +/- 26.6 mL). The difference in intraoperative blood loss was observed at all gestations between nine and 14 weeks. There was significantly greater dilation of the cervix after prostaglandin treatment (mean difference, 4.58 mm; P less than .005).

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed2004

The role of bioactive tannins in the postpartum energy retention and productive performance of goats browsed in a natural rangeland.

The role of bioactive tannins in browse in the postpartum performance of goats grazed under natural range conditions was studied using 40 yearling Mubende goats (20+/-0.32 kg). In a completely randomized design, goats of one group (n = 20) received a daily drench of 50 g per goat of polyethylene glycol (PEG) of molecular weight 4000 given as a condensed tannin (CT) deactivator, and goats of the other group (n = 20) acted as the control (no PEG). Mean birth weights, live weight gains, abortion and twinning rates, litter size and tissue energy retention were measured. The PEG drench resulted in lower postpartum weight gains and tissue energy retention (p < 0.05). Postpartum weekly weight loss per doe was 0.65 kg in the PEG group and 0.46 kg in the control group, while tissue energy loss was 17.7 MJ per goat in the PEG group and 10.23 MJ per goat in the control group in the first 8 weeks. Net weight gain was observed in the control group at the 11 th week but was delayed in the PEG group (15th week). The PEG group had lower birth weights and higher kids mortalities (p <0.05). Selective feeding in the Ankole rangeland exposes goats to beneficial concentrations of dietary CT with apparent cumulative effects leading to improved postpartum performance of does and kids.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A randomised controlled trial of prophylaxis of post-abortal infection: ceftriaxone versus placebo.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of post-operative infection after first trimester abortion in women treated with a long-acting cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) compared with low risk patients receiving no treatment and with high risk patients receiving our standard treatment of ampicillin/pivampicillin and metronidazole. DESIGN: A prospective, randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. SUBJECTS: Nine hundred and ninety-six women, admitted on an outpatient basis for legal termination of pregnancy at 12 weeks or less of gestation, were included in the study after giving informed consent. The women were divided into high risk and low risk categories and allocated either to treatment with ceftriaxone or to standard treatment. For high risk patients the standard treatment was initiated by a peroperative injection of ampicillin and metronidazole, followed by oral doses of metronidazole and pivampicillin three times daily for four days. No prophylactic antibiotics were given to the women randomised to standard treatment in the low risk group. INTERVENTIONS: All women were kept under observation, and, between six and 14 days postoperatively, underwent pelvic examination. Clinical endpoints were noted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Post-operative pelvic inflammatory disease in women applying for legal first trimester abortion. RESULTS: Seven hundred and eighty-six women fulfilled the criteria for evaluation. A tendency toward a prophylactic effect of ceftriaxone was observed in most clinical findings. A significant prophylactic effect of ceftriaxone was found in the low risk group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a significant reduction in post-operative pelvic inflammatory disease in low risk patients, who were applying for legal first trimester abortion, treated peroperatively with ceftriaxone. No significant difference was demonstrated between high risk patients treated with ceftriaxone or ampicillin/pivampicillin and metronidazole.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2006

Specialist contraceptive counselling and provision after termination of pregnancy improves uptake of long-acting methods but does not prevent repeat abortion: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: One in four abortions in the UK is undertaken for women who have had one before. Women undergoing abortion in Edinburgh were targeted for improved contraceptive advice and provision in this randomized trial. METHODS: Between November 2001 and May 2002, women recruited at assessment for abortion were randomized at admission to receive specialist contraceptive advice and enhanced provision (316 women) or standard care (297 women). Randomization was based on the week of admission. Contraceptive use 16 weeks after abortion was assessed by questionnaire and subsequent abortions by review of the hospital records 2 years later. RESULTS: Women receiving specialist advice and enhanced provision were more likely to leave the hospital with contraception (271 versus 115, P < 0.001), which was more likely to be a long-acting method (141 versus 78, P < 0.001) than women receiving standard care. Four months later, there was no significant difference in contraceptive prevalence or continuation, but women in the intervention group were more likely to be using contraceptive implants (32 versus 6, P < 0.001). Two years later, 14.6% of women in the intervention group (44/302) and 10% of controls (27/268) had undergone another abortion in the same hospital (P = 0.267). CONCLUSIONS: Specialist contraceptive advice and enhanced provision had a short-lived effect on contraceptive uptake and increased the use of long-acting methods but did not appear to reduce repeat abortions.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2006

Variations in sucrose and ABA concentrations are concomitant with heteroblastic leaf shape changes in a rhythmically growing species (Quercus robur).

In rhythmically growing woody species such as common oak (Quercus robur L.), stem growth is discontinuous and a bud forms at regular intervals at the shoot apex. These buds are composed of different types of leaves: laminate, aborted lamina and scale. The change in heteroblastic leaf shape from laminate to aborted lamina leaves is regarded as one of the events marking shoot growth arrest. To better understand the determinism of heteroblastic leaf shape change and thus, of rhythmicity, we studied morphogenetic events during the early days of the second flush of growth in oak, as well as changes in sucrose metabolism and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations in control plants expressing the heteroblastic leaf shape change and in defoliated plants showing no heteroblastic leaf shape change and producing only laminate leaves. In control plants, the leaf shape change was underway on Day 5 of the second flush with the differentiation of the first two aborted lamina leaves. Sucrose concentration in the apices of control plants decreased between Days 3 and 5 during differentiation of the aborted lamina leaves. An inverse pattern was observed in defoliated plants, suggesting that sucrose acts as a signal triggering heteroblastic leaf shape changes. During the same period, acid cell wall invertase activity was high in young stem and laminate leaves of control plants, whereas the activity remained constant and low in the apices. If the laminate leaves were removed, the increase in apical sucrose concentration was proportionally higher than the decrease in apical acid vacuolar invertase activity, suggesting that, in the absence of young leaves, sucrose is imported to the apex. The sucrose concentration in the apex is therefore likely to be affected by trophic competition with the expanding laminate leaves. The decrease in apex sucrose concentration may be one of the mechanisms driving heteroblastic leaf shape change. Differentiation of aborted lamina leaves was followed by a decrease in the organogenic activity of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) between Days 7 and 9. High concentrations of ABA are associated with differentiation of aborted lamina and scale leaves and with low SAM organogenic activity. Shoot apical meristem organogenic activity remained high and ABA concentration in the apex remained low in defoliated plants producing only photosynthetic leaves. These results suggest that (1) ABA is involved in the gradual conversion of embryonic leaves to abnormal leaves, thereby regulating heteroblastic leaf shape changes and (2) changes in ABA concentration influence the intensity of SAM organogenic activity. Heteroblastic development and therefore rhythmic growth could be the result of competition between apices and laminate leaves, with competition first involving sucrose and thereafter ABA.

Abscisic Acid↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of prophylactic use of tetracycline after evacuation in abortion in Harare Central Hospital.

A randomised controlled trial involving 140 non-septic incomplete abortions was performed to determine the efficacy of prophylactic tetracycline as practiced in these cases in Harare Central Hospital. The treatment group (62) received tetracycline (500 mg four times daily) for a week. The remainder acted as controls. No significant difference in sepsis rate between treatment and control groups was noted. The high sepsis recorded in the treatment group was thought to be due to poor compliance. A new prophylaxis regimen has been suggested.

Abortion, Incomplete↗
PubMed1983

Role of enzootic abortion and toxoplasmosis in an outbreak of abortion in a Scottish sheep flock.

During 1978-79 there was an outbreak of abortion in a large sheep flock during which approximately 10 per cent of the breeding ewes aborted. Both Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydia ovis (the agent of enzootic abortion of ewes) were considered to be involved. In the year following this outbreak (1979-80), 156 ewes (11.4 per cent) aborted and the majority of cases were diagnosed as enzootic abortion: only one case showed gross pathology typical of toxoplasmosis. Serology carried out on sera collected from ewes at the time of abortion and at two post abortion samplings demonstrated that large numbers of animals had high titres against enzootic abortion of ewes while the prevalence of sheep with titres against toxoplasmosis was relatively low. Following the introduction of control measures to reduce the spread of enzootic abortion of ewes, the abortion rate in 1980-81 fell to 2.2 per cent. A small-scale trial was carried out to investigate the prophylactic effect of long acting oxytetracycline against enzootic abortion of ewes when given to pregnant sheep three weeks before lambing. Results indicated that treatment reduced the number of abortions in comparison with untreated controls.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2005

A randomised controlled trial of mifepristone in combination with misoprostol administered sublingually or vaginally for medical abortion up to 13 weeks of gestation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess women's acceptability, the efficacy and side effects of sublingual versus vaginal administration of misoprostol in combination with mifepristone for medical abortion up to 13 weeks of gestation. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. POPULATION: Women undergoing medical abortion under the terms of the 1967 Abortion Act. METHODS: Mifepristone (200 mg) was given orally followed 36-48 hours later by misoprostol administration (sublingual: 600 microg; vaginal: 800 microg). A second dose of misoprostol 400 microg was given 3 hours later (sublingually or vaginally). Women between 9 and 13 weeks of gestation received a further (third) dose of misoprostol 400 microg (sublingually or vaginally), 3 hours later if abortion had not occurred. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women's acceptability, efficacy of the regimen and side effects experienced. RESULTS: A total of 340 women were recruited (171 sublingual and 169 vaginal). A total of 70% of women in the sublingual group expressed satisfaction with the route of misoprostol administration; 18% answered 'Don't know' while 12% were dissatisfied, compared with 68%, 28% and 4%, respectively, in the vaginal group (P= 0.02). There was no significant difference in the need for surgical evacuation for women in the sublingual (3/158, 1.9%) and vaginal groups (4/156, 2.6%) (P= 0.70). Women receiving misoprostol sublingually were more likely to experience diarrhoea (P < 0.01), shivering (P < 0.01) and unpleasant mouth taste (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Sublingual administration of misoprostol is an effective alternative to vaginal administration for medical abortion up to 13 weeks of gestation. The prevalence of prostaglandin-related side effects, however, was higher with this route of administration.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed2002

How do inhibitory phosphatases work?

We present a hypothesis regarding the mode of induction of the inhibitory phosphatases SHP-1 and SHIP in hematopoietic cells. One mode is a general one in which the phosphatase regulates but does not abort signal transduction and biology. Regulator phosphatases are induced by directly or indirectly engaging the amino acid motifs present in the activating receptor, and act to control the biochemical and biological output. The other mode of induction is a specific one, which critically involves paired co-clustering of activating and inhibitory receptors. Phosphatases working in this way act only under conditions of paired co-clustering of activating and inhibitory receptors, and directly bind amino acid motifs present in the inhibitory receptor. However, this mode of induction is apparently more efficient, as cellular activation is completely aborted. This review presents several examples of each mode of inhibition and speculates on their mechanisms.

Amino Acid Motifs↗
PubMed1988

Public Law 100-259, 22 March 1988.

This US Act does the following with respect to sex and age discrimination and abortion funding: amends Title IX (Prohibition of Sex Discrimination) of the Education Amendments of 1972 to define the phrase "program or activity" and the term "program" to mean all of the operations of the following entities, any part of which is extended Federal financial assistance: 1) a department, agency, special purpose district, or other instrumentality of a State or local government; 2) a State or local government entity which distributes such assistance and the agency or department to which such assistance is extended; 3) a college, university, or other postsecondary institution, or public system of higher education; 4) a local educational agency, system of vocational education, or other school system; and 5) a corporation, partnership, or other private organization or certain sole proprietorships. The Act also states that such terms do not include any operation of an entity which is controlled by a religious organization and that nothing in such Act shall be construed to: 1) require or prohibit any person or entity to provide or pay for an abortion or 2) permit a penalty to be imposed on any person because such person is seeking or has received any benefit or service related to a legal abortion. The Act also amends the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to define the phrase "program or activity" to mean all of the activities of the aforementioned entities. The Act further states that this Act does not require any individual or hospital or other institution, program, or activity that receives Federal financial assistance to perform or pay for an abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1987

Inhibition of the RNA polymerase-catalyzed synthesis of RNA by daunomycin. Effect of the inhibitor on the late steps of RNA chain initiation.

In vitro RNA synthesis from the A promoters of T7 bacteriophage by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase is strongly inhibited by daunomycin. Under the conditions of the assay for total RNA synthesis, daunomycin has no effect on the formation of the binary enzyme-template complex. The major inhibitory effect may be exerted during incorporation of the first few nucleotides into the nascent RNA chain. We report here that daunomycin has little effect on the substeps leading to the formation of abortive dinucleotide from the A promoters. A large part of the inhibitory effect of daunomycin is therefore specifically targeted toward a very small final portion of the process of initiation, which may be described as the addition of nucleotides to the initial dinucleotide (and its subsequent translocation) until a stable ternary complex has been formed. The level at which this inhibition is exerted is more precisely defined by examining the effect of daunomycin on the synthesis of the first few oligonucleotides synthesized from the A3 promoter. The major inhibitory effect of daunomycin is found to be specifically exerted during the transformation of the initial dinucleotide to the corresponding trinucleotide. The remainder of the inhibition may be evenly divided among a large number of nucleotide addition steps that transform the nascent trinucleotide to a completed RNA chain. One of the fundamental levels at which transcription is controlled is initiation. In slow-start promoters, e.g. the lac UV5 promoter, the late stages of initiation (when the enzyme has the option of either producing an abortive di- or trinucleotide or proceeding with the formation of a stable ternary complex) may be involved in this control. Inhibitors which specifically act on this stage of initiation may thus prove useful for the study of such systems, as well as transcription in general.

Bacterial Proteins↗