PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Antibiogram”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Detection of Serratia outbreaks in hospital.

Infections due to Serratia marcescens were studied in 23 different hospitals. A retrospective study was done in 4 hospitals; all isolates were compared by serological typing, antibiograms, bacteriocin production, and bacteriocin sensitivity. 2 of the hospitals were having cross-infection problems due to antibiotic-resistant strains, but the other 2 had little or no cross-infection. Outbreaks were studied in 19 other hospitals. 9 of these outbreaks were classified as "common source" since contaminated "sterile solutions" were incriminated as the cause in each. One hospital had a "pseudo-outbreak," in which Serratia from E.D.T.A. blood-collecting tubes contaminated blood-cultures as they were collected. All 10 of these strains from common-source outbreaks were generally sensitive to antibiotics. Outbreaks in 9 other hospitals resulted from cross-infection and were caused by strains which were very resistant to antibiotics. Guidelines for detecting outbreaks are given and control measures are suggested.

Alabama↗
PubMed2026

Four-year surveillance of major Gram-negative pathogens in a Saudi tertiary hospital: clinical distribution, comorbidity profiles, and antimicrobial resistance.

PURPOSE: To describe four-year diagnostic-distribution, burden, and antimicrobial-resistances of major Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary-care surveillance framework. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied first non-duplicate-isolate per/patient/organism between 2022-2025 at a Saudi tertiary-care. Diagnostics used automated-platforms with GeneXpert-Carba-R employed parallel to cultures. Susceptibility interpretations used CLSI-breakpoints relevant to test-year. Annual-trends were assessed with grouped-binomial logistic-regression, and Benjamini-Hochberg false-discovery-rate correction was applied within prespecified analysis. RESULTS: Among 1,857 isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae was most frequent (36.2%), followed by P.&#xa0;aeruginosa (33.4%), Escherichia coli (17.9%), and Enterobacter cloacae (12.3%). Mean patient age was 64.8&#x2009;years, 51.3% isolates were from intensive-care, 37.4% from urine, and 80.8% records had comorbidity. K.&#xa0;pneumoniae showed overall ESBL (76.6%), CRE (59.9%), MDR (69.3%), panel-defined XDR (64.7%), and panel-defined PDR (15.2%) frequencies. Enterobacterales ESBL-positivity increased (58.1% to 76.8%;q&#x2009;<0.001), whereas meropenem non-susceptibility decreased (52.6% to 33.2%;q&#x2009;<0.001). In P.&#xa0;aeruginosa, ceftazidime non-susceptibility increased (55.2% to 78.6%;q&#x2009;<0.001), meropenem decreased (46.8% to 32.9%;q&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.031), and tobramycin increased (22.2% to 45.7%;q&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.030). Crude-comorbidity differences remained insignificant after false-discovery-rate correction. CONCLUSION: We show a persistent species-specific Gram-negative resistance burden, led by K.&#xa0;pneumoniae and accompanied by substantial P.&#xa0;aeruginosa non-susceptibility. This supports organism-specific detections, antibiograms and continued multicenter-surveillance linked to antimicrobial exposure, genomic-data, and patient outcomes.

ESBL↗
PubMed1979

Bacteriocin typing of Serratia marcescens. A simplified system.

The authors describe a simplified system for the detection of bacteriocin production by Serratia marcescens with the use of six indicator strains, which include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter diversus, Enterobacter aerogenes (two strains), and Serratia rubidaea grown on arabinose minimal medium plates. Of the 64 possible bacteriocin types, 11 were observed; 66% of the isolates tested were found to be one of three types. Occasionally more than one bacteriocin type was observed in an individual specimen; however, serotyping or antibiograms, or both, also indicated this was a different strain. The marcescin types were stable markers. With the use of this technic, different endemic strains of Serratia were shown to predominate in various areas of the hospital. In addition, when urinary tract isolates were compared with respiratory tract isolates, significant differences were found in the predominate types. The typing of these isolates by bacteriocin production was supported by serotype and antibiotype findings. The results suggest that this simple system may be a useful tool in a general hospital.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nosocomial infection due to Pseudomonas pseudomallei: two cases and an epidemiologic study.

Pseudomonas pseudomallei was recovered from urine specimens of two patients who acquired the organism after they were admitted to a hospital in a region in which it is endemic. Both patients were diabetic and both had urethral catheters passed while they were hospitalized. samples of soil taken from the hospital grounds yielded an isolate of P. pseudomallei that was identical biochemically and by antibiogram to the two isolates recovered from the urine specimens of the two patients. The two patients stayed in wards located in separate hospital blocks, which were geographically distinct but connected by a walkway. The relevant clinical histories of the two patients and the epidemiologic and microbiologic characteristics of the P. pseudomallei isolates were studied. Sera from both patients showed a significant rise in titers of antibody specific for P. pseudomallei. These two patients are considered to represent the first reported cases of hospital-acquired infection due to P. pseudomallei.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Pseudomonas species bacteremia caused by contaminated normal human serum albumin.

In May and June 1973, 11 patients on the surgical service at the University of Maryland Hospital had bacteremia caused by Pseudomonas species. Seven of the isolates recovered from blood cultures had the same antibiogram (sensitive only to chloramphenicol and tetracycline). Ten of the 11 patients were given 25% normal serum albumin (human) shortly before the onset of symptoms. In contrast, only two of seven patients with bacteremia due to Psuedomonas aeruginosa in May and June (P =0.013) and only nine of 20 patients located in surgical special care units during these months (P =0.014) were given this product. When cultured, the albumin in one of 54 previously unopened vials from the implicated lot yielded Pseudomonas cepacia sensitive only to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. Subsequent investigation showed that five more patients in four other hospitals had symptoms of bacteremia shortly after the infusion of different lots of albumin from the same manufacturer, and in four cases P. cepacia was cultured from the suspect albumin. Since sterility testing by manufacturers may not detect low-frequency contamination, surveillance of nosocomial infections, investigation of unusual disease clusters, and prompt reporting of suspect reactions are essential in the control of such outbreaks.

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between antibiotic resistance, the production of "virulence factors", and virulence for experimental animals in Staphylococcus aureus.

Variants that had lost some of their antibiotic-resistance determinants were selected from a multiple-antibiotic-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus. When tested by subcutaneous injection into guinea-pigs, and measured as the number of cocci needed to produce a skin lesion of an arbitrarily chosen diameter, the virulence of strains fell progressively with loss of resistance determinants. When the staphylococci were injected intracutaneously into mice, however, the results were less easy to interpret, but loss of resistance appeared to be associated with a reduction of the slope of the dose-response line. There was no association between the antibiogram of the strains and their production of certain enzymes and haemolysins.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Physical characterization of ten R plasmids obtained from an outbreak of nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae infections.

Gentamicin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae involved in an outbreak at the Minneapolis Veterans Administration Hospital was due to a transmissible R plasmid. In addition to gentamicin, this plasmid conferred resistance to tobramycin, kanamycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, and sulfathiazole. R plasmids which transferred this complex antibiogram were identified in several clinical isolates, including four different serotypes of K. pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Proteus morganii. The covalently closed circular form of all R plasmids isolated had a sedimentation coefficient of 76S to 77S, corresponding to a molecular weight of 58 x 10(6). The possibility that a single R plasmid was responsible for the dissemination of multiple drug resistance among all of these different clinical strains was examined by characterizing the plasmids by using EcoRI restriction endonuclease. The same 15 fragments were obtained from each of the 10 plasmids analyzed. Their molecular weights ranged from 4 x 10(5) to 11 x 10(6). Thus, we conclude that each of the 10 plasmids present in the various clinical strains isolated from the hospital over a 7-month period originated from a common source and that R plasmid transfer was important in their spread.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Ureolytic Escherichia coli of human origin: serological, epidemiological, and genetic analysis.

Forty-five strains of ureolytic Escherichia coli of human origin, isolated in the United States between 1956 and 1977, were characterized by geographical distribution, site of infection, serotype, resistance to antibiotics, and biochemical reactions. All strains were studied for the ability to generate clones of nonureolytic E. coli (segregants), and a subset of these were selected for plasmid analysis and a variety of bacterial matings. There did not appear to be a common geographical distribution, serotype, antibiogram, or other aberrant biochemical reactions other than the hydrolysis of urea among these strains. The predominance of urinary tract isolates (46.7% total) may reflect a relationship between urea hydrolysis and pathogenesis at this site. Ten of the strains (22.2%) did segregate nonureolytic E. coli colonies, and all possessed at least one common plasmid species with a molecular weight of about 65 X 10(6). Only strain 1138-77 serotype O16:H6 conjugally transfered the ability to hydrolyze urea, ferment sucrose, and resist inhibition by sulfadiazide simultaneously. The resulting, recombination-deficient E. coli K-12 tranconjugant was found to possess a plasmid with a molecular weight of about 80 X 10(6) to 90 X 10(6).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Polymicrobic bacteriuria: significant association with bacteremia.

Current clinical practice states that a urine culture yielding three or more isolates must be considered a contaminated specimen and discarded. The validity of this practice was tested by reviewing all patients at the West Haven Veterans Administration Hospital with positive blood cultures for 1 year to determine how many were associated with polymicrobic bacteriuria (two or more urine isolates each present at greater than 10(5) colonies/ml). During 1973 there were 18 patients who had bacteremia associated with a urinary tract infection in which the same organism with the identical antibiogram was found in both the blood and the urine of these 18 patients with monomicrobic bacteremia 11(61%) had polymicrobic bacteriuria, with a mean of an additional 1.75 urinary pathogens present in significant quantities. In these patients with polymicrobic bacteriuria, an indwelling bladder catheter was present for a mean period of 4.4 months before the episode of bacteremia. Only 5 of the 11 patients with polymicrobic bacteriuria had temporally associated urinary tract manipulation. Monomicrobic bacteriuria occurred in seven patients (39%). The mean indwelling bladder catheter time was 0.9 days, and urinary tract manipulation near the time of bacteremia occurred in all seven patients. Prospectively, nine other patients with polymicrobic bacteriuria were recultured by one of us to be certain that appropriate collection and transportation methods were used; the presence of polymicrobic bacteriuria was repeatedly demonstrated in 7(78%). This study illustrates the clinical importance of polymicrobic bacteriuria.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Pseudomonas vesicularis from cervical specimens.

Biochemical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibilities of five strains of Pseudomonas vesicularis isolated from cervical cultures are reported. The organisms were recovered from Thayer-Martin medium, which, because of its inhibitory properties, restricts over-growth by most other species. Our findings agree with those of Kaltenbach and associates (J. Clin. Microbiol., 1:339--344, 1975) on the importance of esculin hydrolysis, maltose oxidation, and pigmentation in the identification of P. vesicularis. Comparative carbohydrate oxidation studies showed agreement in three of four methods (oxidative attack, buffered single substrate, King oxidative/fermentative medium). No oxidation of carbohydrates was observed in commercial oxidative/fermentative medium. In addition to biochemical characteristics, antibiograms can be useful auxiliary aids in the identification of P. vesicularis and in its differentiation from P. diminuta, a closely related species.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Serotypes and antibiotic susceptibilities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from single sputa of cystic fibrosis patients.

A phenotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from single sputum samples of 21 typical cystic fibrosis patients indicated a high frequency of heterogeneity among isolates on the basis of differences in antibiotic resistance, colony morphology, pigmentation, and serotype. Two or more isolates with different but stable susceptibilities to carbenicillin, gentamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and sulfamethoxazole plus trimethoprim were detected in 38% of the sputa. Differences generally were independent of the mucoid state of the strain. O-antigen group determination with the Difco typing set showed that two or more serologically distinct strains were present in 10/21 sputum specimens. Nonmucoid derivatives of mucoid isolates almost always retained both the antibiotic susceptibilities and serotype of their parent strain. These data suggest that cystic fibrosis patients may be cocolonized/coinfected by different strains of P. aeruginosa more frequently than generally believed. Alternatively, phenotypically distinct strains from a single patient might arise as phenotypic dissociants from a single infecting strain. Because of the frequency and multiplicity of phenotypically distinct P. aeruginosa isolates which we obtained from our cystic fibrosis patients, it is important to select multiple isolates from sputum cultures for antimicrobial susceptibility testing so as to assess adequately the susceptibility of this organism to antibiotic therapy in cystic fibrosis. We recommend that several colonies of each distinguishable colony type of P. aeruginosa be pooled for the antibiogram.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Improving the performance of anaerobic bacteriology in a hospital laboratory.

A comparison was made of the performance of a newly established anaerobic section of a clinical laboratory and the routine diagnostic section in terms of isolation and identification of anaerobic bacteria. Both sections attempted to isolate obligate anaerobes from the same clinical specimens which were not transported in anaerobic containers. Anaerobic and diagnostic sections isolated anaerobes from 35% and 6% respectively of clinical specimens. The use of antibiograms greatly improved the identification of anaerobic organisms.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1977

Fosfomycin in infantile acute gastroenteritis.

A clinical test was carried out on 83 children suffering from infectious diarrhoeal processes who were treated with fosfomycin with the oral and paranteral route. Coproculture was carried out in all the children before the beginning of treatment and in 51 of them it was repeated at the end of treatment. Antibiograms were made on the isolated germs and their MIC to fosfomycin studied. Tolerance and secondary effects of the medicament were also studied. The study was considered insufficient in 13 patients so that the evaluation was based on 70, making 4 failures and 60 clinical cures. Administration of fosfomycin causes the eradication of serotypeable E. coli and is followed by an increase in the number of Proteus sp. and Klebsiella/Enterobacter. The sensitivity of the faecal flora to fosfomycin has been very high, except for the strains of Proteus sp. and Klebsiella/Enterobacter. The accumulative percentage of the MIC to fosfomycin of all the strains isolated shows that more than 75% of them are inhibited at concentrations under 32 mug/ml. Tolerance was good and no secondary effects were observed except for the sporadic rise in the SGPT of the children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Effect of dietary oxytetracycline on microorganisms in turkey feces.

Thirty-six two-day old male turkey poults were divided into three groups and fed three levels of oxytetracycline; 0, 110 or 440 mg. per kg. of ration, respectively, for nine weeks. The poults were given an oral spectinomycin plus vitamin treatment at the hatchery but were not fed before the start of the experiment. Defecated feces from each group were sampled at weekly intervals and analyzed for bacteriological content, especially for members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Total aerobic counts of 3 x 10(8) and total anaerobic counts of 2 x 10(9) were obtained. The majority of the Enterobacteriaceae were Escherichia coli but some Klebsiella sp., the Bethesda-Ballerup group of paracolon bacteria and Arizona sp. were also isolated. Antibiograms of the enteric isolates indicated that an increase in multiple antibiotic resistance occurred when increased amounts of antibiotic were fed.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1979

New aid to management of septicaemia: rapid direct antibiotic susceptibility testing.

A rapid and reliable method of performing direct antibiotic susceptibility tests on positive blood cultures has been developed. A result is now available five hours after laboratory confirmation of septicaemia. An evaluation involving 55 blood-culture isolates demonstrated an over-all correlation of 97.8% when results obtained by the rapid direct Autobac l method were compared to those obtained by definitive testing procedures. The method is particularly applicable to isolates of Staphyloccus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the Enterobacteriaceae. It is especially significant because of the recent emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance amongst hospital strains of these bacteria with many isolates showing resistance to antibiotics frequently used in the empirical treatment of septicaemia. The rapid availability of a reliable antibiogram is important in allowing early appropriate chemotherapy and, hence, in the reduction of septicaemia-associated morbidity and mortality, and the length of stay in hospital.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in time of the microbial flora in bronchopulmonary infections].

The authors carried out a study on 100 cases with broncho-pulmonary infections in two different periods: 1963--1964 and 1973--1974. Changes in the microbial flora were investigated, as well as the sensitivity of germs to antibiotics. An increase was noted in the number of chronic bronchitis and a decrease in the number of pneumonia cases. In the microbial flora there was a constant proportion of staphylococcus, streptococcus and coli strains. The proportion of micrococci decreased with time and pneumococci practically disappeared, being replaced by klebsiella germs. Sensitivity to penicilin remained almost identical while that to chloramphenicol decreased significantly, as well as sensitivity to tetracycline and neomycine. The practical conclusion is that in some cases the application of penicilin treatment, before the results of the antibiogram are available appears to be justified.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical, radiological and bacteriological study of pulmonary tuberculosis with bacteria showing drug resistance].

The authors have investigated two groups of patients of young age suffering from tuberculosis with germs showing primary resistance to chemotherapeutic agents (61 cases), and with germs displaying sensitivity to these agents (64 cases). The following conclusions have been reached: tuberculosis with germs showing primary drug resistance did not display onset modalities, clinically and radiologically, that differed significantly from other types of tuberculosis; sputum conversion is more slow in patients with resistant germs than in those with sensitive germs in the first two months of treatment, but following application of the treatment according to the data resulting from the antibiogram, this differences quickly disappeared. The presence of a smaller number of complete recoveries and of a surplus of doubtful recoveries can be explained in the same way in this group of patients: the final results are similar in both groups of patients, evidencing that the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis due to germs showing parimary drug resistance does not give rise to particular problems.

Adolescent↗