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PubMed1997

Occipital neuralgias: clinical recognition of a complicated headache. A case series and literature review.

The objective of this study was to assist clinicians in the diagnosis of the occipital neuralgia syndrome by describing its clinical characteristics. Bibliographies and clinical descriptions of occipital neuralgia syndrome were identified through a review of literature published between 1966 and 1993. A prospective case series was performed by the authors in a university emergency department during a 1-year period. Patients with unilateral aching pain of the head, coupled with pain in the distribution of the occipital nerve, Tinel's sign, and relief of pain after local anesthetic injection, were included. Patients rated pain relief on a 10-point scale. Twelve patients met the criteria for occipital neuralgia and were included in the study. All patients reported at least 80% decrease of pain after injection, and 42% had complete relief. Clinical features, other than headache, that were common in patients included tinnitus in 33%; scalp paresthesia, 33%; nausea, 42%; dizziness, 50%; and visual disturbances, 67%. Occipital neuralgia is a benign extracranial cause of headache, and it may be confused with other more serious headache syndromes. Recognition depends on an understanding of the symptoms along with a careful history and physical examination. Local anesthetic injections produce significant relief of the headaches and can aid in the diagnosis of the syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1969

The need to standardize descriptive cataloging.

Because there are too many ways to describe a book, its presence may not be discovered in a bibliography or catalog. Standardized descriptive cataloging is needed to solve this problem and also to eliminate wasteful duplication of cataloging. The Anglo-American Cataloging Rules and the COSATI Standard disagree on choice of main entry, and the Library of Congress does not follow the AACR all of the time. But the essence of standardized cataloging is widespread availability and general acceptance of the data, regardless of principles followed. Local adaptations in standard cataloging data are necesary, but those which affect all copies of a book, not just unique features of particular copies, must be made available for use by all libraries by correction of the standard cataloging data. The national structure for communicating standard cataloging data today is mainly printed tools, but tomorrow local library terminals on-line to a shared computer data bank may provide the instantaneous access needed. The problem of getting the wider community of library users to standardize their citation practices is more difficult to solve, but hope for improvement lies in making access to standard data easier.

Cataloging↗
PubMed2002

Pain and palliative care in Issue Number 3, 2001 of The Cochrane Library.

A brief description of how an individual can access The Cochrane Library and navigate within it is provided. The National Library of Medicine medical subject heading (MeSH) terminology is described. Selected new reviews from a recent edition of The Cochrane Library are listed in an annotated bibliography together with a description of the current volume of material now available on the library.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Hospital diversification: bibliography on pharmaceutical services.

A pharmacy diversification bibliography is presented. The bibliography includes a selection of references to descriptive reports, research papers, editorials, letters, and commentaries on diversified pharmaceutical services. This bibliography represents important literature from the past 12 years on diversification strategies as well as specific diversified services. For additional information, references have also been included to articles that suggest opportunities for diversification, describe pharmacists' roles in specific services, discuss legal or reimbursement aspects of a service, or could be used to help justify the implementation of a service or "sell' a service to hospital administrators or consumers. The bibliography can be helpful to pharmacy managers and clinicians who are interested in becoming involved in diversification of pharmaceutical services.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Home health-care bibliography.

A home health-care bibliography is presented. The bibliography includes a selection of references to descriptive reports, research papers, editorials, letters, and commentaries on home health-care (HHC) services. This bibliography represents important literature from the past 12 years on program planning, marketing, trends, and reimbursement for HHC services as well as specific types of home therapy. The bibliography can be helpful to pharmacy administrators and clinicians who are interested in designing HHC programs or becoming involved in the provision of home therapy.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1983

Historical review of legislative and national initiatives for sickle cell disease.

The genes responsible for the transmission of sickle cell syndromes from one generation to the next were introduced into the new world during the 17th century. However, this disease was not recorded in the medical literature in the United States until 1910 by Herrick of Chicago. During the next 40 years, many additional cases were reported and a fairly large bibliography developed which dealt essentially with descriptive, clinical and pathological aspects of the disease. New interest in the syndrome occurred in 1949 when Pauling and his associates, employing chemical and electrophoretic techniques, showed that an abnormal hemoglobin was responsible for the sickling phenomenon. In the same year, Neel and Beet, working independently of each other, clarified the inheritance of the disease on the basis of the heterozygous-homozygous hypothesis. In 1958, Ingraham combined the techniques of electrophoresis, chromatography, and trypsin digestion ("fingerprinting") to show that the difference between hemoglobins A, C, and S was in the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chains which make up the hemoglobin molecule. However, despite these notable advances, interest in the disease remained at a relatively low scientific and health care priority until February 1971, when President Nixon in his message to Congress indicated that greater attention and support for sickle cell disease should be made available at the national level. This paper will review some of the important legislative, political, and organizational initiatives which have had a significant impact on the development and implementation of the current national sickle cell disease program in the United States.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed2005

[Publications about nursing education in the Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP].

Scientific production in nursing education field provide important contributions to professional formation and nursing practice. Since we believe this perspective, we carried out a survey aimed at identifying and analyzing nursing education-related articles, building empiric categories from the collected data. This revision is a bibliographical, descriptive and quantitative survey using as source articles published in the Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP from 1967 to 2002. We have found 1,137 articles, of which 14.2% refer to nursing education, 89.0% of which are concerned with the undergraduate level. The descriptive analysis of nursing education-related bibliography gives rise to issues concerning the development of research that follow changes in the legislation changes and the demands of the professional market.

Brazil↗
PubMed1992

Inflammatory hyperplasias of the oral mucosa.

Reactive inflammatory hyperplastic lesions of the oral mucous membranes comprise one of the most common pathological conditions seen in the oral cavity. Over the years, these "lumps and bumps" have been given a wide variety of names and have engendered a spectrum of theories regarding pathogenesis. This article presents a brief overview of these conditions from the perspective of those lesions that are "common" and those that are "not so common." Clinical examples are featured and, while their pathogenesis receives some comment, no attempt has been made to present either an in-depth discussion or a detailed histomorphological description of the various entities. The accompanying bibliography provides sufficient reference material for those wishing more detail regarding reactive hyperplasias of the oral mucosa.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1997

Does repetitive physical loading inhibit radial growth in female gymnasts?

OBJECTIVE: Stress-related injuries to the distal radius have been noted in female gymnasts with potential for resultant premature closure and abnormal growth at this site. The purpose of this study was comprehensively to review and critically to appraise the available literature to examine the evidence related to this question: does repetitive physical loading inhibit growth of the radius in female gymnasts? DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and SPORT Discuss were searched from 1975 to the present by using "gymnast" in combination with injury, growth plate, epiphyseal, and ulnar variance. Additional references were retrieved from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. STUDY SELECTION: All descriptive and analytic studies that included data related to stress-related injuries affecting the distal radius of competitive female gymnasts were included. Conclusions regarding the effects of gymnastics training on radial growth of female gymnasts were limited to data from case reports, clinical series, cross-sectional studies, and descriptive cohort studies. Data from relevant experimental animal studies also were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: In reviewing the literature, particular attention was paid to the relative strengths of the different study designs. From these data, information associated with growth inhibition at the distal radius was examined. MAIN RESULTS: The descriptive research reviewed included clinical, cross-sectional, and cohort studies that establish the existence of stress-related injuries affecting one or more constituent parts of the epiphyseal-physeal-metaphyseal (EPM) complex of the distal radius, symptomatic ulna-radial-length difference (URLD), and distal radius physeal arrest among female gymnasts. Five cross-sectional studies showed radiographic abnormalities consistent with distal radius physeal-stress reaction in 10-85% of gymnasts studied. Two cross-sectional studies indicated "abnormal" positive URLD in 8-20% of wrists radiographed. Four cross-sectional studies showed significant correlations between training intensity and URLD, suggesting a dose-response relation. Three cross-sectional studies indicate greater URLD in gymnasts compared with nongymnasts. Radiographic evidence of distal radius physeal arrest involving physically immature female gymnasts is presented in four studies (two clinical series, one cross-sectional, and one descriptive cohort). In animal studies, prolonged physical training has also been shown to inhibit or stop growth in weight-bearing long bones. However, there were no rigorous studies (i.e., randomized control trials or analytic cohorts) examining the question. CONCLUSION: The results of this critical review of the scientific literature support the plausibility of stress-related distal radius physeal arrest with secondary URLD. However, the strength of evidence is inadequate to be conclusive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Borna disease virus (BDV), a (zoonotic?) worldwide pathogen. A review of the history of the disease and the virus infection with comprehensive bibliography.

A comprehensive history of Borna disease virus (BDV) and this infection, including the complete bibliography, is presented. Over the last 200 years, descriptions of this 'head disease' of horses ('Kopfkrankheit der Pferde') have been given. Considerable losses in the horse population (< 0.8%) led to intensive clinical and (neuro-)pathological investigations of this meningitis cerebrospinalis which occurs with faint behavioural changes, occasionally followed by severe neurological symptomatology and death. The broad experimental host range reflects infections in nature which include horses, sheep, cattle, cats, dogs, rodents, ostriches, and some zoo animals. BDV infections are associated with phylogentically old brain areas, and the retina. Occasionally, expression in the autonomic nervous system occurs, besides its neurotropism BDV can spread to peripheral organs, especially to epithelial tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Infections of humans that can be monitored by antibodies, antigens or nucleic acids in blood samples are prominent features of future interest. BDV, the prototype of the family Bornaviridae is an enveloped spherical virus carrying an 8.9 kb single-stranded, non-segmented RNA with negative polarity which replicates in the nucleus. These features together with its considerable genetic stability make this non-cytopathogenic virus an evolutionary 'old pathogen' in nature.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis: a status report.

OBJECTIVE: To review the nature of cognitive-behavioural interventions for psychosis and to evaluate evidence of their effectiveness. METHOD: Electronic (Medline and Psychinfo) and bibliography-based searches were carried out to locate descriptions and evaluations of cognitive-behavioural interventions for psychosis. RESULTS: Various cognitive-behavioural interventions have been used for reducing psychosis. These have usually been applied to auditory hallucinations and/or delusions in otherwise treatment-resistant patients. Most evaluations comprise case studies or simple pre-post designs. Controlled trial evaluations are few, and although the results are promising, methodological problems limit the conclusions that can be drawn concerning the clinical utility of such approaches. CONCLUSIONS: More and better controlled trial evaluations of cognitive-behavioural interventions are needed in this area. If further research supports the efficacy of these techniques, issues related to clinical effectiveness, mediators of treatment effects, risks, and cost-effectiveness will also need to be addressed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Miniature spectrometers.

The Field Guide to Instrumentation series of articles reviewing commercial analytical chemistry instruments has been published in Inside Laboratory Management starting in 1997 through the March/April 2003 issue. The articles have covered a wide array of subjects, including gas and liquid chromatography, atomic and molecular spectrometry, sample preparation, electroanalysis, microscopy, laboratory software, moisture analysis, and particle size analysis. Each article usually includes a general introduction to the topic, descriptions of selected available instruments, applications, references, a bibliography of other information sources, and contact information for manufacturers. It was decided that the content of these articles makes them more appropriate for publication in the Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, and starting with this issue A Field Guide to Instrumentation will be a regular feature.

Spectrum Analysis↗
PubMed1985

Library collection of the psychosocial publications in consultation-liaison psychiatry.

Psychiatric oncology is a relatively new area, and few comprehensive reviews of related subject matter are available. Thus, the psychiatrists at North Carolina Memorial Hospital who provide liaison to oncology saw the need for a collection of pertinent psychiatric oncology materials that could be studied by faculty, residents, and staff. Such materials would be valuable for patient consultation, lecture preparation, and research background. Their bibliography and library system are discussed here, with a description of the methods of its compilation. The unique features are referenced materials are filed in a centrally available location (departmental library), so that readers have immediate access to them, and bibliographic entries are stored in a small computer in the library, and can be retrieved by topic, title, author. The file currently holds over 340 articles, and is continuously updated. It has been extensively utilized by professionals in this tertiary care teaching hospital as well as in programs across the state.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed2001

Preventive health care, 2001 update: screening and management of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns.

OBJECTIVE: To review the effectiveness of, and make practice recommendations for, serial clinical examination and ultrasound screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in newborns. The effectiveness of selective screening of high-risk infants with hip and pelvic radiographs and treatment with abduction therapy are also examined. OPTIONS: Screening: serial clinical examination, ultrasound screening, radiographic evaluation. TREATMENT: abduction therapy. OUTCOMES: Rates of operative intervention, abduction splinting, delayed diagnosis of DDH (beyond 3-6 months), treatment complications and false diagnostic labelling. Long-term functional outcomes were considered important. EVIDENCE: MEDLINE was searched for relevant English-language articles published from 1966 to November 2000 using the key words "screening," "hip," "dislocation," "dysplasia," "congenital" and "ultrasound." Comparative and descriptive studies and key reviews were retrieved, and their bibliographies were manually searched for further studies. BENEFITS, HARMS AND COSTS: Because most infants will have spontaneous resolution of nonteratologic DDH, early identification and intervention results in unnecessary labelling of newborns as having the problem and unnecessary treatment. Ultrasound screening is a highly sensitive but poorly specific measure of clinically relevant DDH. Abduction splinting is associated with a variety of problems, and its effectiveness in treating DDH is not clearly known. At least 20% of infants requiring operative intervention have had splint therapy. The harms of labelling, repetitive investigations, unnecessary splinting and resource consumption associated with screening are substantial. VALUES: The strength of evidence was evaluated using the evidence-based methods of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. RECOMMENDATIONS: There is fair evidence to include serial clinical examination of the hips by a trained clinician in the periodic health examination of all infants until they are walking independently (level II-1 and III evidence; grade B recommendation). There is fair evidence to exclude general ultrasound screening for DDH from the periodic health examination of infants (level II-1 and III evidence; grade D recommendation). There is fair evidence to exclude selective screening for DDH from the periodic health examination of high-risk infants (level II-1 and III evidence; grade D recommendation). There is fair evidence to exclude routine radiographic screening for DDH from the periodic health examination of high-risk infants (level III evidence; grade D recommendation). There is insufficient evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of abduction therapy (level III evidence; grade C recommendation), but good evidence to support a period of close observation for newborns with clinically detected DDH (level I evidence; grade A recommendation). However, there is insufficient evidence to determine the optimal duration of observation (level III evidence; grade C recommendation). VALIDATION: The members of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care reviewed the findings of this analysis through an iterative process. The task force sent the final review and recommendations to selected external expert reviewers, and their feedback was incorporated in the final draft of the manuscript. SPONSORS: The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care is funded through a partnership between the Provincial and Territorial Ministries of Health and Health Canada.

Canada↗
PubMed1975

[Action potentials and ionic currents].

Our knowledge of the ionic currents underlying the cardiac action potential has much increased in recent years. Principally three membrane current components are characterised, of which the change carries are sodium ions, calcium ions and potassium ions. Different drugs influence the current components in various ways. For an extensive description of the ionic currents in the heart, the bibliography is given.

Action Potentials↗