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PubMed1980

Phagocytosis in myeloproliferative disorders.

The phagocytic function was investigated by means of four tests (capillary tube random migration, phagocytosis of yeast particles, quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction and whole-blood bactericidal activity for Staphylococcus aureus) in 57 patients who had myeloproliferative disorders: 24 had chronic granulocytic leukemia, 22 had polycythemia vera, six had myelofibrosis, and five had essential thrombocythemia. This study confirms the previously reported functional anomalies of phagocytosis in all the myeloproliferative disorders and shows that, despite these anomalies, the increased number of phagocytes allows an efficient whole-blood bactericidal activity, essential for the nonspecific host defence mechanisms.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1983

Interactions of antimicrobial drugs and combined phagocytic/serum bactericidal activity of defibrinated human blood against Serratia marcescens. IV. N-formimidoyl thienamycin.

Minimal bactericidal concentrations of thienamycin revealed moderate intraphagolysosomal bactericidal activity against pseudo-(PSR) and genuinely serum-resistant (NSS) assay strains of Serratia marcescens. Combinations of inhibitory and subinhibitory concentrations of thienamycin with 55 vol% of defibrinated human blood resulted in additive effects against all PSR and NSS test strains of S. marcescens and against the NSS Escherichia coli control strain ATCC 25922.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Interactions of antimicrobial drugs and combined phagocytic/serum bactericidal activity of defibrinated human blood against Serratia marcescens. I. Cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim.

Minimal bactericidal concentrations of trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and nitrofurantoin revealed effective intraphagolysosomal bactericidal activity against several assay strains of Serratia marcescens as determined with phenylbutazone-treated (2 mg/ml) fresh defibrinated human blood (55 vol%), following killing of extraphagocytic test bacteria with group A (phage tail) bacteriocins of S. marcescens. The degree of intraphagocytic killing activity of trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and nitrofurantoin approximated that of rifampin. Inhibitory and subinhibitory concentrations of cotrimoxazole or trimethoprim combined with 55 vol% of defibrinated blood, respectively, yielded additive effects against all test strains of S. marcescens. However, combinations of nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin with blood, respectively, resulted in essentially indifferent effects against S. marcescens.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Interactions of antimicrobial drugs and combined phagocytic/serum bactericidal activity of defibrinated human blood against Serratia marcescens. II. Aminoglycosides: amikacin, gentamicin, and netilmicin.

Minimal bactericidal concentrations of the aminoglycoside antibiotics amikacin, gentamicin, and netilmicin killed intraphagolysosomal test bacteria of selected assay strains of Serratia marcescens, though not as efficiently as rifampin. The system employed consisted of 55 vol% of fresh defibrinated human blood treated with 2 mg/ml of phenylbutazone which permitted ingestion of bacteria, but selectively inhibited microbicidal activity of the peripheral blood leukocytes. Extraphagocytic bacteria were killed with the aid of group A (phage tail) bacteriocins of S. marcescens. Inhibitory and subinhibitory concentrations of amikacin, gentamicin, and netilmicin combined with 55 vol% of defibrinated blood, respectively, yielded additive effects against all test strains of S. marcescens utilized and against Escherichia coli control strain ATCC 25922.

Amikacin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental studies of the effect of Rhabdovirus infection on hematological, immunological and biochemical indicators in cold-blooded animals].

Bactericidal activity of blood serum (BABC), content of lysozyme, protein in it were recorded as well as formula and form of erythrocytes, activity of digestive enzymes by results of free amino acid accumulation in the food substrate were determined ten days after rhabdovirus injection to one-year-old carp. It is shown that if there are no clinical symptoms of viremia in carps, BABC, relative number of stab neutrophils and the value of eccentricity index in erythrocytes increase. Simultaneously stimulation of the activity of digestive enzymes and formation of free amino acids in chyme whose content is higher than that in the intact fish are observed in such fish. Free amino acids are discussed for expediency to be used as an additive to the folder for increasing resistivity of fish to infections.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Interactions of antimicrobial drugs and combined phagocytic/serum bactericidal activity of defibrinated human blood against Serratia marcescens. III. beta-Lactam antibiotics and fosfomycin.

Neither cefoperazone, cefotaxime, mezlocillin nor piperacillin significantly killed intraphagocytic bacteria of representative assay strains of Serratia marcescens, as determined with 55 vol% of fresh defibrinated human blood treated with 2 mg/ml of phenylbutazone, which permitted phagocytic ingestion of bacteria, but selectively inhibited the microbicidal activity of peripheral blood leukocytes. Extraphagocytic bacteria were killed with group A (phage tail) bacteriocins of S. marcescens. However, minimal bactericidal concentrations of fosfomycin displayed intraphagolysosomal bactericidal activity which approximated that of rifampin. Inhibitory and subinhibitory concentrations of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, fosfomycin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin combined with 55 vol% of defibrinated human blood, respectively, yielded additive effects against all test strains of S. marcescens utilized and Escherichia coli control strain ATCC 25922.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Variable neutralization of several nonspecific antibacterial systems in fresh, defibrinated human blood by sodium polyanetholsulfonate and sodium amylosulfate.

Fresh, defibrinated human blood (80 vol%, i.e., 80% [vol/vol] of a 2-ml final assay volume) from two healthy adult donors killed "delayed serum-sensitive" (DSS) and "promptly serum-sensitive" (PSS) strains of Serratia marcescens, PSS control strain Escherichia coli C, Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 6633, and Micrococcus lysodeikticus ATCC 4698 in a kinetic manner comparable to that of fresh human serum (80 vol%). However, heat-inactivated (56 degrees C, 30 min), defibrinated human blood revealed markedly reduced or a total lack of beta-lysin activity against the B. subtilis assay strain. Similarly, lysozyme activity of defibrinated blood was diminished somewhat by heat treatment, as determined with the M. lysodeikticus assay strain. Addition of 500 mug of sodium polyanetholsulfonate (SPS) per ml to 80 vol% of fresh, defibrinated human blood completely neutralized blood bactericidal activity against all assay strains of S. marcescens, E. coli C, and B. subtilis; however, SPS at this concentration failed to abolish lysozyme activity for prolonged periods of incubation. Addition of 500 mug of sodium amylosulfate (SAS) per ml to 80 vol% of fresh defibtinated human blood resulted in protection of cell inocula of DSS strains of S. marcescens only; SAS failed to protect cell inocula of the PSS strains of S. marcescens, E. coli C, B. subtilis, and M. lysodeikticus for extended periods of observation. Based on these data, it is recommended that blood culture specimens that are first drawn into specimen containers (such as Vacutainer tubes or the like) at the patient's bedside, and which contain >/=250 mug of SPS per ml, be diluted into suitable broth media with at least >/=250 mug of SPS per ml by the receiving laboratory within 2 to 4 h after procurement of the specimen. This procedure would ensure continued, adequate neutralization of the specimen's inherent beta-lysin, lysozyme, and complement- and antibody-mediated bactericidal activities.

Amylopectin↗
PubMed1997

Influence of blood transfusion on bactericidal activity of human leukocytes and sera against Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella typhimurium.

Patients undergoing joint surgery and blood transfusion were studied. Serum and leukocyte bactericidal tests in vitro against Salmonella typhimurium and Yersinia enterocolitica were carried out preoperatively as well as on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days after the operation. The serum complement (C3 and C4) concentrations were determined at the same intervals. It was found that after blood transfusion the bactericidic activity of sera and the serum C3 complement concentrations were increased. In contrast the killing ability of leukocytes was suppressed.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1987

Effect of physical exercise on some parameters of immunity in conditioned sportsmen.

The studies were performed on 20 conditioned cyclists and 19 untrained men. At rest absolute and percent number of neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes, neutrophil bactericidal activity, and blood plasma beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were similar in sportsmen and untrained men, while neutrophil adherence was lowered in sportsmen. Maximal physical exercise induced significant rises in absolute numbers of neutrophils and monocytes in both groups. In sportsmen, adherence of neutrophils and monocytes and neutrophil bactericidal activity significantly decreased under the influence of exercise, while neutrophil phagocytic activity did not change. On the other hand, in untrained men, maximal physical exercise did not induce significant changes in neutrophil and monocyte adherence and bactericidal activity of neutrophils, but their phagocytic activity increased. Blood plasma beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and LDH activities increased during exercise in both groups. The changes observed tended to normalize during 2-h recovery. The results obtained suggest that intensive physical exercise tends to depress nonspecific immunity, which may render sportsmen more susceptible to infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Failure of the commercial human IgG immunoglobulin preparation Polyglobin to enhance combined phagocytic and serum bactericidal activity of normal blood against Serratia marcescens.

The IgG immunoglobulin preparation Polyglobin failed to enhance the combined phagocytic and serum bactericidal activity of 65 vol% of fresh defibrinated human blood from health adults against representative test strains of Serratia marcescens, despite documented O-agglutinin activity of Polyglobin against every test strain employed. It was concluded that pooled human IgG immunoglobulin, i.e. 'natural' IgG antibodies, would not be expected to exert a beneficial effect against S. marcescens in patients with sufficient residual, functional 'natural' antibodies and complement.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of four immune variables and pulmonary lesions of goats with intrapulmonary exposure and subsequent intrathoracic challenge exposure with Pasteurella haemolytica.

A comparison of immune variables following lung sensitization with live Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 (Ph1)-impregnated agar beads was done in 2 separate trials. The Ph1 immune variables studied were blood bactericidal activity, serum bacteriolysis, total classical complement, and indirect hemagglutination antibody. Each trial had 16 male weanling goats: 6 controls and 10 principals. In trial 1, each goat was surgically catheterized through the trachea, then the material was deposited in a bronchus. The controls received only agar beads and the principals received agar beads impregnated with live Ph1. These goats were studied for 32 days, euthanatized, and necropsied. In trial 2, the controls were each transthoracically injected with agar beads into the left lung and the principals were similarly injected with agar beads impregnated with live Ph1. These goats were studied for 35 days, then challenge exposed transthoracically by injection of Ph1 in saline solution (1.2 x 10(7) CFU/ml) into the right lung. Four days later, they were euthanatized and necropsied. The volume of lung consolidated tissue was an excellent measure of Ph1 immunity. Principal goats generated solid protective immunity to subsequent challenge exposure because minimal or no lung consolidation was observed, whereas large volumes of lung consolidation were seen in the controls. The principal goats in trial 1 gave a weak serum indirect hemagglutination Ph1 antibody response, which was attributed to the bronchial method of depositing the Ph1. The corresponding response of the control group remained negative. The Ph1 agar beads (1 x 10(6) CFU in 0.5 ml) protected the bacteria from immediate phagocytosis and lysis as indicated by the induced pneumonic deaths of 2 principals 5 days later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗