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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Use of cathartics in toxic ingestions.

Cathartics are commonly recommended for treatment of ingestion of toxic substances. Literature review shows little evidence of efficacy of this practice. Published reports of morbidity are limited to pediatric patients experiencing electrolyte imbalance. Our survey of the members of the American Board of Toxicology, as well as our literature review, form the basis for suggesting catharsis of most patients when treating toxic ingestions. However, caution must be used in very old or very young patients, in those with preexisting renal disease or ingestion of nephrotoxic substances, in corrosive ingestions, in patients with recent bowel surgery or absent bowel sounds, and in patients with hypertension or congestive heart failure. Oil catharsis is not recommended.

Cathartics↗
PubMed1988

Extreme hypermagnesemia caused by an overdose of magnesium-containing cathartics.

We describe a patient who survived a peak serum magnesium level of 9.5 mmol/L (23.0 mg/dL) after an oral cathartic overdose. The patient presented in coma but regained full consciousness over the next six hours with supportive therapy. His serum magnesium had returned to near-normal levels by the following morning at the time of his hospital discharge. This case represents an unprecedented extent of ingestion-related hypermagnesemia in a surviving patient, given that serum levels of more than 8 mmol/L are frequently associated with death from cardiac arrest.

Cathartics↗
PubMed1993

Effect of saline cathartics on gastrointestinal transit time of activated charcoal.

The effects of saline cathartics on the gastrointestinal transit time of activated charcoal were investigated in six healthy volunteers. The study shows that the mean gastrointestinal transit times of charcoal alone were 29.3 h and 24.4, 15.4, 17.3 and 17.5 h with sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, magnesium sulphate alone and Andrew's Liver Salt respectively. Some volunteers complained of slight abdominal discomfort in all the phases except the Andrew's Liver Salt phase.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Studies of aloe. V. Mechanism of cathartic effect. (4).

Aloe-emodin-9-anthrone(AE-anthrone), produced from barbaloin in the rat large intestine, caused not only an increase in the intestinal water content but also stimulated mucus secretion. This might play an important role in the occurrence of diarrhea. It was demonstrated that the amount of AE-anthrone produced in the rat large intestine(maximal amount: 568 micrograms/rat at 4 h after injection) was enough to cause both of these effects, which were observed following intracecal administration of barbaloin (31.1 mg/kg). These results together with our previous data, which showed a relationship between increase in the intestinal water content and the stimulation of peristalsis, confirm that AE-anthrone is the principal agent responsible for the cathartic effect of barbaloin. We also propose that the increase in water content is a more important factor than stimulation of peristalsis in the induction of diarrhea by barbaloin.

Aloe↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Saline cathartics and adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal for doxycycline.

The effects of sodium chloride and sodium citrate on the in vitro adsorption of doxycycline to activated charcoal have been studied. Solutions of doxycycline alone and doxycycline with 7.5 mg/ml cathartic solutions were vortex-mixed for 30 s with different quantities of activated charcoal, incubated for 30 min at 37 degrees C and analyzed for free doxycycline spectrophotometrically at 348 nm. Addition of NaCl had a significant (p<0.05) increase while sodium citrate produced a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the adsorption of doxycycline on activated charcoal. In all, the adsorption doxycycline on activated charcoal obeyed quantity-dependent kinetics.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1989

[Theophylline poisoning in childhood: depurative therapy using a combination of activated charcoal and a saline cathartic].

The Authors describe two cases of theophylline poisoning and discuss advantages of activated charcoal and magnesium hydroxide therapy. This treatment seems to be better in patients for whom hemoperfusion could be delayed. In fact, activated charcoal can determine a real decrease in serum theophylline as experimental data show. Patients who overdose with slow release theophylline preparation should receive multiple oral doses of activated charcoal; they should also receive multiple oral doses of cathartic, both saline or sorbitol like. There is a lack of references about the activated charcoal plus magnesium hydroxide regimen particularly in childhood. The Authors discuss their own experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Influence of wheat bran and of a bulk-forming ispaghula cathartic on the bioavailability of digoxin in geriatric in-patients.

The present randomized study compared the influence of a gel-forming wheat bran with a nongel-forming bulk cathartic (an ispaghula formulation, Vi-Siblin S) on the steady state concentrations of digoxin in plasma in 30 geriatric in-patients treated with either combination (16 with wheat bran + digoxin, 14 with ispaghula + digoxin) for 4 weeks. After 2 but not after 4 weeks, wheat bran reduced the digoxin levels, although the levels were still within the therapeutic range. Ispaghula had no influence at any time. It is concluded that neither wheat bran nor the ispaghula formulation has any clinically relevant influence on therapeutic digoxin levels in geriatric patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Effect of phosphate or magnesium cathartics on serum calcium: observations in normocalcemic patients.

The administration of commercial phosphate cathartic in conventional doses to normal subjects prior to barium enema resulted in a striking increase in serum phosphorus levels followed by a decline in serum calcium levels in all subjects. Changes were highly significant (P less than .01) when compared with control subjects who were prepared for the same procedure with magnesium citrate. Levels of serum potassium also decreased significantly (P less than .01) but not serum sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, or magnesium.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1985

An empirical study on the "cathartic effect" of attempted suicide.

A cathartic effect of attempted suicide has been suggested, but few data are available to validate the concept. In this study we report on the relation between presuicidal and postsuicidal mood conditions in a group of 25 hospitalized suicide attempters and 50 control patients who were depressed but not suicidal. A significant decrease in depression was demonstrated to occur in the suicidal patients within a few days of hospitalization. This was not the case in depressed patients without prior suicide attempts. The drop in depression ratings can, therefore, be attributed to the suicide attempt. Possible explanatory factors are discussed. These findings indicate that the diagnosis of a suicide attempt in the absence of depression can only be reliably made on the basis of data pertaining to the presuicidal mood condition.

Abreaction↗
PubMed1983

Serum proteins of wild turkey vultures (Cathartes aura).

We separated and identified the major serum proteins of turkey vultures (Cathartes aura): albumin, HDL, LDL, IgG and M, transferrin, alpha 2M and putatively, IgA, ceruloplasmin and fibronectin. Turkey vulture HDL and LDL had similar electrophorectic mobility and solution properties as those from gallinaceous birds. Turkey vulture IgG and M, and their subunits, had molecular weights comparable to other birds. Serum IgG and M levels in wild turkey vultures were within the range of values reported for domestic avian species.

Aging↗
PubMed2003

Cathartic effect of suicide attempts not limited to depression: a short-term prospective study after deliberate self-poisoning.

The cathartic effect of suicide is traditionally defined as the existence of a rapid, significant, and spontaneous decrease in the depressive symptoms of suicide attempters after the act. This study was designed to investigate short-term variations, following a suicide attempt by self-poisoning, of a number of other variables identified as suicidal risk factors: hopelessness, impulsivity, personality traits, and quality of life. Patients hospitalized less than 24 hours after a deliberate (moderate) overdose were presented with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression and Impulsivity Rating Scales, Hopelessness scale, MMPI and World Health Organization's Quality of Life questionnaire (abbreviated versions). They were also asked to complete the same scales and questionnaires 8 days after discharge. The study involved 39 patients, the average interval between initial and follow-up assessment being 13.5 days. All the scores improved significantly, with the exception of quality of life and three out of the eight personality traits. This finding emphasizes the fact that improvement is not limited to depressive symptoms and enables us to identify the relative importance of each studied variable as a risk factor for attempted suicide. The limitations of the study are discussed as well as in particular the nongeneralizability of the sample and setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Gram-negative, aerobic, enteric pathogens among intestinal microflora of wild turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) in west central Texas.

The prevalence of gram-negative bacterial species in the intestines of 20 apparently healthy turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) was determined. Edwardsiella tarda, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Salmonella, and Arizona hinshawii (Salmonella arizonae) were each recovered from 15% of these birds. Turkey vultures may be important reservoirs of these bacterial pathogens.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Experimental lead poisoning in turkey vultures (Cathartes aura).

Lead-induced mortality appears to have been a major factor in the decline of the California condor (Gymnogyps californianus). We orally dosed turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) with BB-sized lead shot from January 1988 through July 1988 to determine physiologic response (delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase inhibition, erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels, anemia), diagnostic tissue lead concentrations (blood, liver, and kidney), and comparative sensitivity of this species. Two turkey vultures died and two became so intoxicated they were euthanized. Overall, responses of measured parameters were comparable to other species exposed to lead although there was considerable individual variation. Survival time (143-211 days), even with the large numbers of shot and constant redosing, was much longer than reported for other species of birds, suggesting considerable tolerance by turkey vultures to the deleterious effects of lead ingestion. Based on these observations, turkey vultures appear to be poor models for assessing the risk of lead poisoning to California condors or predicting their physiologic response.

Administration, Oral↗