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PubMed1986

Quantitative detection of cerebral arteriosclerosis by means of the Doppler ultrasonic technique.

A correlation between the continuity of the cerebral blood flow pattern and the cerebral vascular resistance (namely, cerebral arteriosclerosis) was investigated by the Doppler ultrasonic technique. The following facts were observed. Examination of the brachial blood flow pattern in circulatory stress, i.e., hand-grasping, brachial-binding, cold- and warm-stimulating tests revealed that the more the peripheral vascular resistance was increased, the more was the discontinuity of brachial blood flow pattern increased. Investigation of the continuity of the cerebral blood flow pattern (internal carotid artery) in 18 young healthy persons and 46 elderly patients with cerebral vascular diseases revealed a continuous pattern in all of the young persons, while the discontinuous pattern was frequently observed in the elderly patients. These findings suggest that the cerebral vascular resistance is more increased in the elderly patients than in the young persons. The cerebral blood flow pattern was classified into the following three types according to the continuity of the cerebral blood flow pattern: continuous, intermediate and discontinuous type, and the relation to the Continuous Index (CI), which was devised as an objective parameter of the continuity, was examined. The following CI figures were obtained: 110-200% in the young persons; in the elderly patients: continuous type, 120-185%; intermediate type, 85-135%; discontinuous type, 50-85%. From the above findings it is postulated that the Doppler ultrasonic technique is useful for the quantitative detection of cerebral arteriosclerosis, i.e., anticipation of cerebral vascular accidents, and for the discrimination between arteriosclerotic dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Cyclandelate in the treatment of cerebral arteriosclerosis.

Twenty-one patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis were treated for twelve months with placebo or cyclandelate (Cyclospasmol), 400 mg four times daily, in a double-blind study with medication cross-over after six months. The group included 8 men and 13 women, with a mean age of 69 years. Each patient showed at least 5 of 9 signs or symptoms adopted as "inclusion criteria" for the study. Concomitant psychotropic or other drug therapy was standardized or matched during the trial, and periodic assessments were made of the patients' behavioral, physical, neurologic and psychiatric status. No serious side effects were observed. There was no significant difference between the cyclandelate and placebo phases in measurements of physical state. Changes on the gross behavior scales were insufficient for analysis. Tests of memory, control of manual dexterity and comprehension of everyday situations showed statistically significant improvement during the cyclandelate phase. In contrast to placebo, no measurable intellectual decline occurred during cyclandelate therapy.

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PubMed2004

[Clinical observation on effect of yangxue qingnao granule in treating patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of Yangxue Qingnao granule (YXQN) in treating cerebral arteriosclerosis and to explore its mechanisms. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-seven patients with arteriosclerosis were randomly divided into the treated group treated with conventional medical treatment plus YXQN and the control group treated with conventional medical treatment alone, to observe the changes before and after treatment in scores of chief symptoms, mean velocity of cerebral blood flow (VM), plasma nitric oxide (NO), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and endothelin (ET) levels. RESULTS: (1) After treatment in treated group, the scores of chief symptoms such as vertigo, headache and tinnitus were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); (2) NO and CGRP level in the treated group after treatment obviously elevated, and ET and VM markedly reduced (P < 0.01), while no evident change of these parameters was found in the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The efficacy of YXQN in treating cerebral arteriosclerosis is definite, modulating the level of vasoactive factors was its important mechanism.

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PubMed1976

Quantitative detection of cerebral arteriosclerosis by means of the pressure-velocity hysteresis technique.

The quantitative detection of cerebral arteriosclerosis by means of the pressure-velocity hysteresis technique composed of the cerebral blood velocity pattern (blood velocity pattern in the internal carotid artery measured by the ultrasonic Doppler technique) and the cerebral pressure pulse pattern (common carotid arteriogram measured by non-invasive sphygmography) was investigated in 17-normal young males, normal middle-aged males and patients with cerebral vascular disorders. The ratio of blood pressure/blood velocity in the maximum blood velocity was used as a measure of resistance of the blood flow. The resistance of the cerebral blood flow was significantlpy increased in the patients with cerebral vascular disorders compared to that in the normal young males. The resistance of cerebral blood flow in the middle-aged males was prone to be intermediate between the former two. The results suggest that the pressure-velocity hysteresis technique is useful for the quantitative detection of cerebral vascular resistance as well as cerebral arteriosclerosis. Several factors related to the technique were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Memory function of patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis evaluated by Rivermead behavioural memory test].

Using Rivermead behavioural memory test, we examined 142 patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis. The results showed that the rate of anomalies of screening score in patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis were significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). The patients and control scores were significantly different (P < 0.05) in all items except the picture and face recognition. Comparing the screening score with brain CT scan, we found a relationship between brain damage and behavioural memory declination. Also, many persons of control group got low scores with behavioural memory test, suggesting that the Rivermead behavioural memory test be sensitive to memory declination. With its simplicity and sensitivity the Rivermead behavioural memory test may have some practical value in China.

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PubMed2000

[An investigation on risk factors of cerebral arteriosclerosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors of cerebral arteriosclerosis (CAS) in the special population--the old cadre in organizations affiliated directly under Fujian Province. METHODS: The investigation was carried out according to the case control method of epidemiology and conditional logistic regression model was used. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that CAS was closely related with the clinostatic systolic blood pressure (CSBP, OR: 2.13), triglyceride (TG, OR: 2.08), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.31), glycosylated hemoglobin (OR: 1.16), recall of portrait characteristic (OR: 0.89), Kidney-Deficiency Syndrome (OR: 1.54) and Yin-Deficiency with Yang-Excess Syndrome (OR: 1.59). And there was a quantity-effect relationship between CSBP, TG and CAS. CONCLUSION: CSBP is the most important risk factor of CAS in the special population of the old cadre, and the TCM Syndromes of Kidney-Deficiency and Yin-Deficiency with Yang-Excess are also independent risk factors of CAS.

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PubMed2002

Cerebral arteriosclerosis in an aged captive polar bear (Ursus maritimus).

Cerebral arteriosclerosis was observed upon necropsy of a 36-yr-old female captive polar bear (Ursus maritimus) that developed a sudden onset of seizure-like activity and died. The medium and large cerebral arteries of the meninges had moderate to severe diffuse discoloration and mineralization of the matrix of the tunica media, with little or no associated cellular reaction. Scanning electron microscopy of the affected arteries showed discrete crystalline calcified deposits in the media and sclerosis of the arterial wall. There were no lesions in the brainstem. The findings suggested a sudden and rapidly fatal loss of blood flow to the brain caused by long-standing arterial lesions. Incidental findings included numerous 0.1- to 10-cm-diameter, hepatic cysts lined with hyperplastic biliary epithelium, a unilateral, unipolar, 3-cm-diameter renal tubular adenoma, and approximately 250 active Baylisascaris sp. nematodes in the intestines.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

[Preferentially affected sites of cerebral arteriosclerosis in vascular dementia of Binswanger type--a study of MRI and MR angiography].

MRI and MR angiography (MRA) were analyzed to evaluate the preferential sites of cerebral arteriosclerosis in 129 normal controls and 27 patients with vascular dementia of Binswanger type (BVD; mean age 75.0 years). Small vessel disease, indicated as advanced high intensity areas on T2-weighted MRI, increased with advancing age, while large vessel sclerosis detected with MRA did not increase after the age of 80 years. Large vessel sclerosis was not always accompanied with advanced high intensity areas. Large vessel sclerosis was found in 12 (44.4%) of 27 patients with BVD, and was as common as that of the controls of the eighth decade. Large vessel sclerosis was frequently seen in the cases suffering from BVD below 70 years of age or with hypertension. In conclusion, patients with BVD develop cerebral arteriosclerosis more preferentially in the small vessels rather than the large vessels especially in aged cases, of which incidence is similar to that of the normal controls over 80 years of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

The relationship between endothelin-1, event-related P300 potentials, and prognosis in cerebral arteriosclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: To search for a potential role of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor and presumably neurotoxic 21-amino acid peptide, for dysfunction of brain signal processing and cerebrovascular morbidity in nondemented patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with longitudinal follow-up. SETTING: University-affiliated teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 106 nondemented patients with significant stenosis of either the internal carotid (cAD, cases; n = 63, mean age +/- SD, 62 +/- 7 years) or peripheral arteries (pAD, disease controls; n = 43, 60 +/- 11 years) were investigated before carotid endarterectomy and bypass surgery, respectively. After a mean follow-up of about 19 months, cerebrovascular morbidity of the cAD and pAD patients was evaluated by phone. MEASUREMENTS: Brain signal processing functions by event-related visual P300 potentials; cerebrovascular events by a structured telephone interview; the extent of arteriosclerosis by venous ET-1 concentration. RESULTS: Venous ET-1 levels were elevated in both cAD and pAD patient groups, but to the same degree. In these patients, ET-1 concentration was correlated slightly with diastolic blood pressure (r = .334, P = .0326, stepwise regression). Only in cAD patients with ET-1 levels above the 75th percentile were P300 latencies markedly prolonged compared with their lower ET-1 level counterparts. Furthermore, the P300 latencies of the cAD patients, but not of the pAD patients, correlated positively with venous ET-1 concentration and inversely with pack years of smoking (r = .728, P = .0002; stepwise regression). In contrast to base-line P300 abnormalities and classical risk factors (e.g., hypertension), high ET-1 levels predicted an increased cerebrovascular morbidity of cAD, but not of pAD, patients (P = .0044; Mantel Cox test). CONCLUSIONS: In nondemented patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis, endothelin-1 is associated with P300 abnormalities reflecting subclinical dysfunction of brain signal processing. In the long-term, high venous ET-1 levels also appear to predict a higher cerebrovascular morbidity of cAD patients even after carotid endarterectomy.

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PubMed1975

[Orbital pulse analyses in healthy subjects and patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis].

81 normotensive persons were examined with the ophthalmodyamographic method. The measuring device was fixed with a constant, hypodiastolic pressure, and orbital volume pulses were registered and analysed according to qualitative and quantitative pulse criteria. Pulse criteria of younger persons were compared to those of older patients, pulses of persons with a normal vascular system were compared to pulses of persons suffering from cerebral vascular sclerosis. The most important results can be summarized as follows: 1. In old age pulses with arciform ascent or deep-seated anacrotic inflection are found more often. 2. The applanation of the dicrotic wave is seen more often in older patients and most often in patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis. Yet it is not specific for regressive changes of the arterial wall. 3. Pulses of the peripheral type with decrement of the incisura are found more often in younger persons with unimpaired blood vessels, presumably because of the more viscous-plastic properties of the vascular wall. 4. The quotient of dicrotism increases in old age. 5. The mean value of pulse wave transmission time, as a rule, diminishes in older persons, but non-hypertensive patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis have an increased pulse wave transmission time when compared to persons of the same age group without vascular changes. 6. Concerning the diagnostic value of differences between left and right it is important to notice that physiological differences of pulse criteria are considerable as far as amplitudes and height of discrotism are concerned; they are less prominent as to the period of rapid ejection (time between beginning of steep ascent and primary peak) and practivally below the measurable range as to semi-amplitude time (time that passes until half of the maximum amplitude is reached) and pulse wave transmission time. That means: measurable differences in regard to semi-amplitude time or pulse wave transmission time are reliable diagnostic criteria whereas differences in amplitudes and height of discrotism may bring false positive results.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A controlled study of recent memory disturbance in patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis].

"The Clinical Memory Test" was administered to 40 elderly patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis (group A), compared with 40 aged subjects as control (group B), all subjects of both groups were over 60 year old. The results indicate: MQ, directed memory, free recall of pictures and paired-association learning in group A were found significantly less than in group B. This shows the ability of active recall, memory and learning of abstract ideas decreased in the patients of cerebral arterlosclerosis, but it's only quantitative difference between groups A and B, there was not qualitative difference.

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