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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in children's cerebrospinal fluid.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 23 outpatient leukemic children on maintenance chemotherapy. These hormones were detectable in the CSF of all patients: iPTH 148 +/- 11 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM); iCT 14.3 +/- 0.8 pg/ml. iPTH and iCT were also measured in serum (iPTH 396 +/- 18 pg/ml; iCT 32.3 +/- 1.4 pg/ml). CSF values were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than serum concentrations; no significant correlation between the two compartments was found. Our study indicates the presence of iPTH and iCT in the CSF of children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Demonstration of endogenous inhibitors of monoamine oxidase in dog cerebrospinal fluid.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from dogs competitively inhibited A-form MAO, but was non-competitive with B-form MAO. Heat treatment of CSF (90 degrees C, 20 min) had no effect on the inhibition. Digestion with trypsin and chymotrypsin reduced the MAO inhibitory activity. After ultrafiltration of the CSF through a membrane to remove substances of greater than 5,000 M.W., significant inhibitory activity persisted. These results suggest that CSF contains endogenous substances that act like MAO inhibitor to inhibit A and B-form MAO, and these substances are peptides of less than 5,000 M.W.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Antibodies to Schistosoma mansoni in human cerebrospinal fluid.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from patients suspected of having neuroschistosomiasis (NS) were evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Monoclonal antibodies of various immunoglobulin isotypes (IgM, IgA, IgE, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) were used to detect antibodies against Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) and soluble worm adult preparation (SWAP). Of the 83 CSF samples tested, 55% were reactive to SEA (26% were reactive only to SEA and 29% to both SEA and SWAP), 34% were reactive to SWAP (5% only to SWAP and 29% to both SEA and SWAP), and 40% were not reactive with any antigen. Cases that tested positive for SWAP in CSF and negative in serum were not found. Samples with high specific IgG antibody titers were selected for immunoglobulin isotype profiling. In the CSF samples, the antibodies against SEA and SWAP were mainly IgM, IgG1, and IgG4, although other immunoglobulins were also detected. Interestingly, nine patients had high levels of IgG1 only in the CSF. These results suggest that there is local synthesis of IgG1, and that this isotype could be an important immunologic marker in the diagnosis of NS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Pyrimidine dideoxyribonucleosides: selectivity of penetration into cerebrospinal fluid.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma ratios of 1 to 30% were obtained in rhesus monkeys for the 3'-azido- and 2',3'-dideoxy-analogs of thymidine, deoxycytidine and deoxyuridine. Penetration of thymidine and deoxyuridine analogs was much greater than for deoxycytidine analogs. Octanol/buffer partition coefficients varied more than 30-fold, but did not correlate with CSF entry. Plasma protein binding was insignificant for all compounds. The presence or absence of the azido group at position 3' did not appear to influence the extent of CSF penetration. Although we do not fully understand the mechanistic basis for the penetration of these nucleosides into the CSF, it is apparent that the structural specificity is related more closely to the nucleobase than the sugar. Based upon elimination rates from the CSF after direct intrathecal injection, the differences in net penetration are determined by influx rather than efflux processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Electrolyte concentrations in sheep cerebrospinal fluid.

Cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of sheep was obtained by acute lumbar puncture and from chronic cannulations of the lateral cerebral ventricle. The concentrations of ions in the csf including chloride which had previously been reported to be very high, were found to be similar to those of other mammals and were not greatly affected by changes in plasma electrolyte composition associated with adrenalectomy.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed2002

Does lumbar cerebrospinal fluid reflect ventricular cerebrospinal fluid? A prospective study in patients with external ventricular drainage.

Ventriculitis may sometimes occur after an external ventricular drain has been removed, and diagnosis has to be made by lumbar puncture. But are the lumbar findings comparable to previously obtained ventricular results? In a prospective study, sample pairs of ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained at an interval of <30 min in 25 patients with increased intracranial pressure suffering from cerebral hemorrhage (n = 15), meningitis/encephalitis (n = 6), cerebral infarction (n = 3), and meningeosis carcinomatosa (n = 1). CSF was analyzed for protein, albumin, IgG, IgA, IgM, glucose, lactate, and leukocytes including cytological differentiation. A significant ventriculo-lumbar increase was observed for protein, albumin, and the immunoglobulins. Lactate was distributed equally in ventricular and lumbar CSF, as well as glucose in the cerebral hemorrhage subgroup (n = 15). Cell count failed to show a clear ventriculo-lumbar ratio. Cytological distribution was comparable in lumbar and ventricular CSF, except for macrophages showing a significant rostrocaudal decrease. In conclusion, in cases of clinically suspected bacterial central nervous system infection after removal of an external ventricular drain, lumbar CSF lactate, glucose, and cytology are comparable to previously determined ventricular values, and thus may help physicians to choose the best treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from pleural fluid and/or cerebrospinal fluid: report of four cases.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae was isolated from pleural exudates of 2 children with pleuropneumonia. The organism was also isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of a child with meningeal manifestations and from the cerebrospinal fluid as well as pleural exudate of another child who died 21 days after onset of disease. More extensive attempts to cultivate M. pneumoniae from nonpulmonary sites are recommended.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Amino acid profiles in inner ear fluids and cerebrospinal fluid.

The levels of 19 amino acids in utricular endolymph, vestibular and cochlear perilymph, and cerebrospinal fluid of guinea pigs were determined using gradient elution reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography of the o-phthaldialdehyde-ethanethiol adducts with fluorescence detection. Aspartate and glutamate were significantly higher in endolymph than in perilymph, in agreement with earlier results on cochlear fluids based on enzymatic fluorometric techniques. All other amino acids tested were significantly lower in the endolymph, in most cases by an order of magnitude. Vestibular perilymph and perilymph of scala vestibuli are virtually identical. Amino acid levels were all higher in perilymph of scala vestibuli than in cerebrospinal fluid; two by an order of magnitude. All differences were statistically significant, with the exception of aspartate. Amino acid levels in perilymph of scala tympani were highly variable dependent upon sampling technique, and no definite values are therefore presented. Comparisons with results from other laboratories, technical pitfalls, and possible implications and interpretations of the results are presented.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Clearance of edema fluid into cerebrospinal fluid. A mechanism for resolution of vasogenic brain edema.

The authors present the results of an investigation studying the resolution of vasogenic brain edema using cold injury in cats. The appearance of RISA-I131 and sucrose-C14 lebeled edema fluid in the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was assessed by means of ventriculocisternal perfusion. The effect of low- or high-pressure perfusion on edema spread was determined by measuring the water, sodium, RISA-I131, and sucrose-C14 content of serial tissue blocks taken from the injured cortex through the white matter to the ventricular ependyma. The findings indicate that increasing the hydrostatic pressure gradient between edematous brain and CSF enhances the clearance of edema fluid into the ventricular CSF. This was conclusively demonstrated with low-pressure ventricular perfusion which markedly diminished the amount of edema close to the ventricles compared to the controls. The concentration of albumin, sodium, and potassium to the fluid removed from the tissue during low-pressure perfusion indicates that bulk flow was the primary method of edema movement through the extracellular space. With high-pressure perfusion the concentration profiles suggested alternative mechanisms of edema resolution, such as diffusion and reabsorption into capillaries.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pressure-volume ratio in the craniospinal cavity in supra- and subtentorial pathology. I. Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure in cerebrospinal fluid compression and decompression of the brain].

The p-V dependence in the craniospinal cavity was studied by the method of dosaged change in the cerebrospinal fluid volume in 15 neurooncological patients who underwent operation for tumor of the posterior cranial fossa in the chiasmal-sellar area. It is shown that this dependence, reflecting the biophysical properties of the intracranial system, has distinguishing features in patients with supra- and subtentorial pathology. For instance, in FP values close to zero the resilience of the intracranial system is higher in patients with supratentorial processes than in patients with subtentorial pathology. In artificial c.s.f. compression, intracranial system resilience grows gradually in patients with basal pathology and increases much more rapidly in patients with subtentorial pathology. The authors discuss the possible causes of the difference in P-V dependence in the groups of patients who were examined and the significance of the obtained information in substantiating intensive therapy in the immediate postoperative period.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

Penetration of cefuroxime into ventricular fluid in cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections.

The penetration of intravenously administered cefuroxime into ventricular fluid was assessed in five pediatric patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections and in one with a ventriculostomy infection. Patients received a total dose of 200 to 230 mg of cefuroxime per kg of body weight per day administered at 8-h intervals. Levels of cefuroxime in ventricular fluid ranged from 1.6 to 22.5 micrograms/ml and were associated with cerebrospinal fluid bactericidal titers ranging from less than 1:2 to 1:16 against infecting staphylococcal isolates. Five infections were cured with cefuroxime monotherapy. On the basis of MIC data, one patient had vancomycin substituted for cefuroxime and the infection was cured.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effects of ampicillin and corticosteroids on brain water content, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels in experimental pneumococcal meningitis.

A study was made of the effects of antibiotics and corticosteroids on parameters that reflect brain dysfunction and potential neurological damage in experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits. Brain water content was 398 +/- 10 g/100 g dry weight in normal rabbits and 410 +/- 11 g in rabbits after 24 hr of infection (P less than .001). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate levels increased from 16.3 +/- 3.4 mg/dl to 69.5 +/- 28.2 mg/dl (P less than .001), and CSF pressure increased by +8.3 +/- 3.6 mm Hg (P less than .005) over the same interval. Antibiotic therapy with ampicillin sterilized CSF and normalized CSF pressure and brain water content in all animals within 24 hr, while CSF lactate levels remained elevated. Administration of methyl prednisolone, 30 mg/kg, or dexamethasone, 1 mg/kg, 15 and 22 hr after infection completely reversed the development of brain edema, but only dexamethasone also significantly reduced the increase in CSF lactate level (43.8 +/- 12.3 mg/dl) and CSF pressure (+1.8 +/- 2.7 mm Hg). Methyl prednisolone did not significantly affect pressure or lactate levels.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗