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Results for “Calcium Gluconate”

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Techniques for evaluation of right ventricular relaxation rate in horses and effects of inhalant anesthetics with and without intravenous administration of calcium gluconate.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the most repeatable method for evaluating right ventricular relaxation rate in horses and to determine and compare effects of isoflurane or halothane with and without the added influence of intravenously administered calcium gluconate on right ventricular relaxation rates in horses. ANIMALS: 6 Thoroughbred horses from 2 to 4 years old. PROCEDURE: 6 models (2 for monoexponential decay with zero asymptote, 3 for monoexponential decay with variable asymptote, and 1 for biexponential decay) for determining right ventricular relaxation rate were assessed in conscious and anesthetized horses. The 2 methods yielding the most repeatable results then were used to determine right ventricular relaxation rates in horses anesthetized with isoflurane or halothane before, during, and after i.v. administration of calcium gluconate. Right ventricular pressure was measured, using a catheter-tip high-fidelity pressure transducer, and results were digitized at 500 Hz from minimum rate of change in ventricular pressure. RESULTS: 2 models that used monoexponential decay with zero asymptote repeatedly produced an estimate for relaxation rate and were used to analyze effects of anesthesia and calcium gluconate administration on relaxation rate. Isoflurane and halothane each prolonged right ventricular relaxation rate, with greater prolongation evident in halothane-anesthetized horses. Calcium gluconate attenuated the anesthesia-induced prolongation in right ventricular relaxation rate, with greater response obtained in isoflurane-anesthetized horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Right ventricular relaxation rate in horses is assessed best by use of a monoexponential decay model with zero asymptote and nonlinear regression. Intravenous administration of calcium gluconate to isoflurane-anesthetized horses best preserves myocardial relaxant function.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed2003

Reduction of adverse citrate reactions during autologous large-volume PBPC apheresis by continuous infusion of calcium-gluconate.

BACKGROUND: Citrate-related side effects are common adverse reactions during PBPC apheresis. To reduce the incidence of citrate-related reactions, the effect of a continuous calcium-gluconate infusion on the appearance of hypocalcemic symptoms and on the subjective tolerance toward large-volume leukapheresis (LVL) was tested. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in 50 patients undergoing standardized LVL at a median ACD-A ratio of 1.99 mg per kg and minute. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a continuous IV infusion of either saline or calcium-gluconate at a dose of 1.8 mmol calcium per hour. Subjective tolerance toward LVL was determined by standardized rating systems. Further, hormonal and electrolyte changes were monitored to assess the effect of continuous calcium infusion on calcium homeostasis. RESULTS: Continuous IV administration of calcium-gluconate throughout LVL reduced the incidence of citrate-related effects by 65 percent. In patients who developed signs of hypocalcemia, the symptoms were weaker, and less medical intervention was needed to resolve clinical symptoms. The subjective tolerance toward LVL was superior in patients receiving calcium support compared to control patients. Continuous calcium infusion attenuated changes in serum phosphorus compared to patients receiving saline. No differences were observed in the variation of serum potassium and serum magnesium between the control group and the treatment group. The administration of calcium was not associated with technical problems related to the apheresis procedure, neither was any effect of calcium support on the total number of CD34+ cells collected observed. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that continuous support of calcium-gluconate during LVL is an effective means of reducing the incidence of citrate-related symptoms and improving subjective tolerance toward LVL, without affecting the technical performance or the number of CD34+ cells collected.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Calcinosis cutis following extravasation of calcium gluconate in neonates.

Neonatal hypocalcemia is not an uncommon condition, especially in the premature neonate. It is effectively treated by intravenous infusion with calcium gluconate. We treated nine neonates with subcutaneous calcium deposition following calcium replacement with calcium gluconate from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 1997. Three of the infants were born to diabetic mothers, two had perinatal asphyxia and four were born prematurity. The average dosing number was 7.4 (5 to 9 doses). The onset of calcinosis cutis was 5 to 11 days after the first dose. The replacement of calcium gluconate caused amorphous masses at the site of extravasation and contracture of joint movement. A radiographic study was performed to determine the extent and course of extravasation, and areas remote from the infusion site also showed calcification. There is no specific mode of treatment except supportive management and a skin graft. The patient could functionally recover with cosmetic residue. In our follow-up clinics, all infants completely recovered without functional limitations.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1995

Effects of single dose calcium gluconate infusion in hypocalcemic preterm infants.

We conducted a prospective, double-blind study of 43 preterm infants to examine the effect of a single calcium gluconate infusion as therapy for neonatal hypocalcemia on serum calcium concentrations and hypocalcemic signs in preterm infants with low total serum calcium concentrations. Total and ionized serum calcium was measured and signs of irritability, jitteriness, and twitching were scored (scale 0-9) by blinded observers before and after receiving one dose of either calcium gluconate (100 mg/kg) or placebo (normal saline). Total and ionized serum calcium increased 3 to 6 hours following the calcium, but not the placebo, infusion. Of the infants with hypocalcemic signs, the average score of hypocalcemic signs decreased in the 11 calcium-treated infants; the 12 infants with hypocalcemic signs showed no change of hypocalcemic signs following treatment with placebo. We conclude from this study that a single dose of calcium gluconate (100 mg/kg) in hypocalcemic preterm infants raise total and ionized serum calcium and decrease clinical signs of hypocalcemia.

Calcium↗
PubMed2005

7 cases of hydrofluoric acid burn in which calcium gluconate was effective for relief of severe pain.

We report 7 cases of chemical burns due to hydrofluoric acid (HF). The patients suffered from severe pain. However, the pain was relieved after treatment with calcium gluconate. 6 out of the 7 cases were men. At the accidental exposures, all the patients had been engaged in washing or cleaning work and received burns on their hands and/or fingers. In one case, the forearm was also involved. During such work, all the patients had used rubber gloves, but the gloves had pinholes. For the treatments, 4% calcium gluconate jelly was applied in 5 cases and 4 of 7 were subcutaneously injected with 8.5% calcium gluconate. The involved nails were removed in 5 cases. It is concluded that physicians should provide calcium gluconate jelly and subcutaneous injections to treat an HF burn and should not hesitate to remove the involved nails. To prevent chemical burn due to HF, education and reeducation of workers regarding the hazard of this chemical are necessary.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

[Intravenous drop of calcium gluconate for phosphorus burns].

20 patients with phosphor burn (TBSA 2%-75%) were cured by i.v. drop of calcium gluconate combined with other therapies including eschar conservation. Our experimental data showed that dogs with burn by spreading 85% phosphoric acid and napalm locally increased the level of plasma phosphorus and pathological damages to the heart, lung, kidney and etc were similar to those previously reported phosphorus burns. Intravenous drop of calcium gluconate after phosphate burn reduced the level of plasma phosphorus to normal rapidly and lessened the visceral damages. We consider that i.v. drop of calcium gluconate can accelerate the elimination of phosphorus, and prevent phosphorus poisoning after phosphorus burns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Compatibility of calcium chloride and calcium gluconate with sodium phosphate in a mixed TPN solution.

The maximum concentrations of phosphate that will remain soluble in a parenteral nutrient solution containing various concentrations of calcium chloride or calcium gluconate were determined. Various concentrations of sodium phosphate were mixed with FreAmine II (McGaw Laboratories), and the resulting solutions were mixed with 50% dextrose solutions containing various concentrations of calcium chloride or calcium gluconate. The final solutions were sealed and stored at 30 degrees C for 24 hours and then were inspected visually for precipitate formation. It was found that higher equivalent concentrations of phosphate are attainable when calcium gluconate, instead of calcium chloride, is used as the calcium source. Factors found to influence the concentrations of calcium and phosphate that are compatible in amino acid solutions are the calcium salt used, temperature and duration of storage, dextrose concentration, amino acid composition, pH, and other additives.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Hazards of calcium gluconate therapy in the newborn infant: intra-arterial injection producing intestinal necrosis in rabbit ileum.

Five infants received 10% calcium gluconate via umbilical artery catheters, which resulted in intestinal bleeding and lesions of the buttock, anus, groin, and thigh. The effects of intra-arterial calcium gluconate in two animal models were investigated. Injection of calcium into the aorta in the region of the posterior mesenteric artery resulted in immediate hyperperfusion of the descending colon; this may be an early hemodynamic response to injury in the area of colon supplied by this vessel. Injections into the arterial arcade of the rabbit ileum resulted in intestinal necrosis and villous atrophy. The use of umbilical artery catheters for administration of calcium gluconate is potentially hazardous.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Production of microliths and sialadenitis in rats by a short combined course of isoprenaline and calcium gluconate.

The relationship between microliths and sialadenitis in man is unclear, so an attempt was made to investigate it experimentally in rats with the use of isoprenaline and calcium gluconate either alone or combined. The acini of the submandibular and parotid glands of rats that were given isoprenaline were enlarged, and degenerate acinar cells were seen, with extravasated secretions in the submandibular gland. Similar changes were seen in the submandibular and parotid glands of rats that were given isoprenaline combined with calcium gluconate; in addition, ductal microliths with regions of atrophic sialadenitis were observed. The results suggest that there is temporary obstruction to the salivary flow after isoprenaline is injected, and in the rats that were also given calcium gluconate some of the stagnant saliva calcified to form microliths, which produced a lasting obstruction and obstructive sialadenitis. This supports the possibility that microliths, which are present in normal salivary glands of man, are a primary etiologic factor in sialadenitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of the renal effects of an intravenous calcium gluconate infusion in normotensive volunteers.

The effects on renal function of an intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate at subpressor doses have been investigated in a group of seven normotensive male volunteers. In the absence of changes in blood pressure, the calcium gluconate induced a significant increase in renal plasma flow and the glomerular filtration rate (P less than 0.01) with a significant fall in the filtration fraction (P less than 0.01). Both diuresis and natriuresis increased significantly (P less than 0.01), plasma renin activity fell (P less than 0.01) and the urinary excretion of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increased (P less than 0.01). These results indicate that calcium infusion at subpressor doses has renal vasodilating, diuretic and natriuretic properties that appear to be facilitated by an increase in the renal production of vasodilatory and natriuretic prostaglandins.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Determination of calcium gluconate by selective oxidation with periodate.

A modified analytical method was developed which can accurately quantitate calcium gluconate and its pharmaceutical preparations in the presence of other calcium compounds or other cations able to complex with EDTA. The proposed method was based on the principle of the Malaprade reaction, according to which gluconic acid is selectively and quantitatively oxidized by sodium periodate. The content of calcium gluconate was calculated from the amount of gluconic acid found. The selective oxidation proceeded at 50 degrees C for 10 min, yielding approximately 100% recovery of calcium gluconate. The proposed method was accurate, precise, and superior to the compendia EDTA- complexometric method in terms of specificity.

Calcium Gluconate↗
PubMed1993

[Triggered activities in cat heart induced by combined administration of ouabain and calcium gluconate].

The pharmacological effects of i.v. a mixture of ouabain (Oua) (50 micrograms.kg-1) and calcium gluconate (Ca2+) (100 mg.kg-1) on the electric activities of the cat hearts (n = 19) were studied by using a contact electrode and a contact electrode catheter to record both epicardial and endocardial monophasic action potentials (MAP). The results showed that the 2 drugs together reduced the MAP amplitude, decreased Vmax, and lengthened the MAP duration. Ouabain induced triggered activities, eg, early afterdepolarization, early afterhyperpolarization, delayed afterdepolarization including oscillatory afterpotentials, and triggered arrhythmias, which were enhanced by calcium gluconate. Endocardium is more sensitive than epicardium to ouabain.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1976

The application of ferrihydroxamic complexes to photocolorimetric determination of drugs. Part 2: Quantitative determination of calcium pangamate (vitamin B15) and its calcium gluconate mixtures.

A quantitative method for calcium pangamate (Vitamin B15) and calcium gluconate determination, separately and in mixture, is proposed on the basis of the ferric hydroxamate procedure. The method may also be applied to the determination separately and in mixture, is proposed on the basis of the ferric of both preparations in mixture with various other substances which are not converted into lactone from in acid medium, and which the ferric hydroxamate procedure fails to develop.

Colorimetry↗
PubMed2004

A prospective, randomized, blind comparison between saline, calcium gluconate and diphoterine for washing skin acid injuries in rats: effects on substance P and beta-endorphin release.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A randomized, blind study to evaluate the effects on beta-endorphin and substance P release after washing acid burns with 0.9% saline, calcium gluconate or diphoterine in a model of chemical burn in rats. METHODS: Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats (approximate weight 250 g) were anaesthetized with ketamine (30 mg kg(-1) intramuscularly) and then given an acid injury on the back skin with 0.5 mL of hydrochloric acid 52%. The rats were then randomly allocated to receive no washing (control group, n = 5), washing with normal saline (0.9% NaCl) (n = 5), 10% calcium gluconate (n = 5) or diphoterine (n = 5). Blood concentrations of substance P and beta-endorphin were measured 6 h, 48 h and 7 days after the chemical burn. An independent blinded observer evaluated wound healing at the 7th day. RESULTS: Seven days after burn wound healing was almost complete only in rats treated with diphoterine. Plasma concentrations of substance P were lower in rats receiving skin flushing with diphoterine compared to the other groups at 6 and 48 h after acid burn (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively); this was also associated with higher concentrations of beta-endorphin at day 7 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Skin flushing with diphoterine reduced substance P release during the first 48 h after burn, and was associated with better wound healing and higher concentrations of beta-endorphin 7 days later when compared with normal saline or 10% calcium gluconate.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The efficacy of calcium gluconate in ocular hydrofluoric acid burns.

1. Although calcium gluconate (CG) is recommended in the treatment of hydrofluoric acid (HF) eye burn its efficacy seems to be controversial, and controlled human or animal studies are limited. The study's objective is to compare the efficacy of 1% CG and normal saline irrigation for the treatment of HF eye injury in animals. 2. 0.05 ml 2% HF was instilled to anesthetized rabbit's eyes. One minute later, four treatment groups were studies: (1) irrigation with normal saline followed by topical antibiotics, corticosteroids and cycloplegics for 48 h (n = 10); (2) irrigation with 1% CG followed by the same topical treatment (n = 9); (3) as group 1 and 1% CG drops over 48 h (n = 10); (4) as group 3, and injection of 1% CG subconjunctivally after irrigation (n = 9). 3. Corneal erosion area, corneal haziness, conjunctival status, vascularization (pannus) and acidity were assessed before injury, immediately after initial treatment and 1, 2, 7 and 14 days thereafter by slit lamp aided by fluorescein staining. 4. Conjunctival pH dropped from 6.0-6.5 to 2.5-3 after injury and increased to 6-6.5 after irrigation. Corneal erosion: smaller in groups 2, 3, significantly so at 2 days, but not different at 14 days. Corneal haziness: more severe in group 4, at 14 days, insignificant. Conjunctival damage: significantly worse in group 4 at 2, 7 and 14 days. Pannus appeared in 2-4 eyes in each group. 5. It seems that for HF injury 1% CG did not have any significant advantage over saline irrigation and topical treatment only. It might have some initial and temporary effect on healing process especially that involving erosion. Given subconjunctivally, 1% CG may be toxic and worsens clinical outcome.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1965

Production of calcium gluconate by Penicillium chrysogenum in submerged culture.

The waste mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum HA-10 (obtained at the end of penicillin fermentation), or a 24-hr-old freshly grown vegetative inoculum of this organism, was found to utilize glucose for the production of calcium gluconate by submerged fermentation in shake flasks. After 72 to 96 hr of fermentation at 24 C, 90 to 95% of the reducing sugar from the 15% glucose medium was converted to calcium gluconate. Reuse of the mycelium for successive experiments reduced the fermentation period to 72 hr or less because of an enhancement of glucose utilization. Ten successive batches of 15% glucose medium were fermented by the reuse method. Fermentation media containing up to 30% glucose could be used, provided boric acid was added to prevent the precipitation of calcium gluconate formed. We found that 30% hydrol (a by-product of glucose manufacture containing 50 to 55% reducing sugar), when used in place of glucose in the fermentation medium, inhibited the rate of glucose utilization. However, this effect was partially reversed by pretreatment of hydrol with 2 to 4% activated charcoal before addition to the fermentation medium.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1992

Intravenous regional calcium gluconate perfusion for hydrofluoric acid burns.

We report a case in which acute digital hydrofluoric acid burns were treated with regional intravenous perfusion of calcium gluconate to relieve pain and protect from further tissue damage. This is the first documented instance of this technique being used. The conventional treatments for digital hydrofluoric acid burns all have their shortcomings; intravenous regional perfusion of calcium gluconate may be an effective method of treatment for digital hydrofluoric acid burns.

Burns, Chemical↗