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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Blood metabolites and glucose metabolism in the fed and fasted chicken.

The effect of fasting on blood metabolites and glucose metabolism in the chicken was studied. Parameters of glucose metabolism were estimated in vivo using a single injection of [2-3H]-glucose or [6-3H]-glucose in combination with [U-14C]-glucose. Plasma glucose, blood lactate and blood acetoacetate levels were not significantly changed in chickens fasted for 72 hours. Pyruvate levels in chickens fasted for 24 hours were higher than those observed in blood from birds fasted 0 to 72 hours. Further, the lactate to pyruvate ratio was lower in chickens fasted for 24 to 72 hours than in fed chickens. Fasting chickens for 24 or 72 hours resulted in three- to fivefold increase in blood beta-hydroxybutyrate levels and a significant increase in beta-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate ratio. Plasma levels of alanine and serine were increased after a 24 hour fast but were not further changed when fasting was extended to 72 hours. Plasma aspartate and glutamate levels were not significantly changed in chickens fasted for 24 hours but were markedly decreased in chickens fasted for 72 hours. Plasma levels of glycine were significantly lower in chickens fasted 24 or 72 hours than in fed birds. Glucose replacement rates estimated with [2-3H]-glucose in chickens fasted 0,24 and 72 hours were 14.3, 9.1 and 9.4 mg glucose/minute/kg body weight, respectively. Fasting up to 72 hours did not influence the total body glucose mass in the chickens. The degree of glucose-carbon recycling in 24-hour fasted chickens estimated by using [2-3H]- and [U-14C]-glucose or [6-3H]- and [U-14C]-glucose averaged 42% to 52% and 27% to 30%, respectively. These observations indicate that rate of glucose utilization in the chicken is rapid and that substantial recycling of glucose carbon occurs in fasted chickens.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

A study of insulin binding sites in the chicken tissues.

Specific binding of chicken and porcine insulin was demonstrated in isolated chicken hepatocytes, chicken liver plasma membranes and chicken erythrocytes. In the liver, the binding reaction was characterized by a sensitivity and an apparent affinity which were similar to those observed in rat liver and, in contrast, by a decreased number of binding sites. In chicken liver, there were about 5 times fewer binding sites per mg of membrane protein or per unit of cell surface area than in rat liver. In chicken erythrocytes, the number of insulin binding sites per cell was even lower than in chicken hepatocytes. This decreased insulin binding was not accounted for by a faster insulin degradation in chicken tissues. Glucagon binding sites also appeared to be less numerous in chicken than in rat liver, at least at low glucagon concentration; however, the decrease in maximal binding capacity in chicken liver involved insulin and not glucagon binding. That chicken cells are equipped with insulin receptors which are less numerous than in mammalian cells may explain, partly at least, the physiological state of insulin resistance observed in the chicken.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed2026

Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds, Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, and Lipidomic Profiles in Thigh Muscles of Commercial Arbor Acres (AA) Broilers and Indigenous Chengkou and Langshan Chickens.

Flavor-related compounds and nutritional components of chicken meat vary among different breeds, but comprehensive comparisons of these characteristics between commercial and indigenous chickens remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, three chicken breeds (Arbor Acres, Chengkou, and Langshan) were slaughtered at their respective market ages, and the volatile flavor compounds, amino acids, fatty acids, and lipidomic profiles of thigh muscle were analyzed to investigate breed-associated differences in flavor-related and nutritional characteristics. Langshan chickens exhibited the highest total volatile compound content and also had the highest total amino acid levels, with significantly higher contents of umami and sweet amino acids. In addition, both indigenous breeds showed higher levels of arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) than Arbor Acres broilers, while Chengkou chickens had the highest content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n3). Lipidomic analysis identified 787 lipids, with glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids as the predominant classes. Differential lipid analysis revealed that Langshan chickens had 38 upregulated lipids compared with Arbor Acres chickens, while Chengkou chickens exhibited 258 differential lipids relative to Arbor Acres chickens. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these differential lipids were mainly associated with glycerolipid, sphingolipid, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Correlation analysis further revealed significant associations between specific lipids and flavor-related compounds, amino acids, and fatty acids, suggesting their potential roles in breed-associated differences. Overall, this study demonstrates that indigenous chicken breeds possess distinct flavor-related and nutritional profiles compared with commercial Arbor Acres broilers and provides valuable insights into breed-associated differences in chicken meat characteristics.

amino acids↗