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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1977

Sensory conduction in medial plantar nerve: normal values, clinical applications, and a comparison with the sural and upper limb sensory nerve action potentials in peripheral neuropathy.

A method for recording the medial plantar sensory nerve action potential at the ankle with surface electrodes is described. Normal values in 69 control subjects are given and compared with the sural sensory nerve action potential in the same limb in the same subjects. Clinical applications were studied in 33 patients. The procedure may be applied in the diagnosis of L4-5 nerve plexus or root lesions, lesions of the sciatic, posterior tibial, and medial plantar nerves, and is a more sensitive test than other sensory nerve action potentials in the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1976

In-vitro effect of doxycycline on levels of adenosine triphosphate in bacterial cultures. Possible clinical applications.

Short-term effects of doxycycline on viability and levels of intracellular ATP in bacteria were studied. Inhibition of growth by doxycycline was reflected in a corresponding inhibition of the accumulation of intracellular ATP which was clearly demonstrable within 1-2 hours. The effects of doxycycline on intracellular ATP were dose-dependent and the use of ATP assays for quantitation of antibiotics in serum is discussed. In 45 clinical isolates exposed to doxycycline a positive correlation was found between antibiotic-induced inhibition of intracellular ATP levels and inhibitory zone diameters with the disc diffusion method, indicating possible clinical applications in rapid susceptibility testing.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1975

[The auditory intensity discrimination and its audiological and clinical applications (author's transl)].

Studies on this type of discrimination are very interesting, as they can be made at suprathreshold levels. The nature of auditory intensity discriminations and the most useful methods for measuring the auditory intensity difference limens are briefly described. The most important results obtained with normal subjects are then presented; the monaural intensity difference limens, the intensity difference limens measured on one ear while stimulating the other ear by an unvarying tone or a noise, are treated successively. The most important clinical applications of the intensity auditory difference limens are presented (especially, the monaural intensity difference limens, and the difference lemens on one ear in presence of an unvarying tone on the other ear). New explanations of the results obtained in the monaural intensity difference limen tests used are proposed, based on the localization areas in the cochlea, along the auditory nervous system and in the higher auditory centers. New suggestions for the use of the difference limens in audiometry are made.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1978

Vascular thrombosis induced by direct electric current. A new technique for therapeutic embolisation; animal experimentation; first clinical applications.

A first series of experiments showed that the passage of a direct current along a positive electrode immersed in heparinised blood caused the formation of an adhering clot whose diameter increased with time and current intensity. A second series of experiments was done on 10 rabbits as follows: under general anaesthesia, a catheter used as a guide to the positive electrode was surgically inserted in the abdominal aorta. The negative electrode was placed on the thigh. A direct current (10 mA, 10V) was applied for 10-20 min. The first two clinical applications in man of this new method of treatment by electric current thrombosis were carried out using catheterisation of branches of the external carotid and cervical arteries.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Non-invasive electromagnetic measurement of the peripheral pulsatile blood flow: experimental study and clinical applications.

The non-invasive electromagnetic blood flowmeter described in this paper allows us to measure pulsatile flow through a limb. The limb is placed in a magnetic field and the blood flow rate induces electromagnetic forces which are detected at the skin surface with ECG electrodes (Faraday's law). A special computer technique is necessary to isolate the signal from artefacts (local ECG, BCG, EMG). In vitro calibration is performed using a circulatory model and in vivo using mongrel dogs. Its validity is assessed by comparing the results with the responses obtained from the invasive electromagnetic flowmeter. Sources of error in the measurement such as blood composition (Na+, K+), haematocrit (45% to 29%), and venous flow are reported here. The results indicate that the method is reliable, easy to utilise and offers a unique non-invasive way of measuring true pulsatile blood flow rate in humans. Various clinical applications are discussed for possible use of the device.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

diffMONT: predicting methylation-specific PCR biomarkers based on nanopore sequencing data for clinical application.

MOTIVATION: DNA methylation serves as a key biomarker in clinical diagnostics, especially in cancer detection. With methylation-specific PCR (MSP), a widely used approach, patient samples can be screened fast and efficiently for differential methylation. During MSP, methylated regions are selectively amplified with specific primers. With nanopore sequencing, knowledge about DNA methylation is generated during direct DNA sequencing without needing pretreatment of the DNA. Multiple methods, mainly developed for whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data, exist to predict differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the genome. However, the predicted DMRs are often very large and not sufficiently discriminating to generate meaningful results in MSP, creating a gap between theoretical cancer marker research and practical application, as no tool currently provides methylation difference predictions tailored for PCR-based diagnostics. RESULTS: Here, we present diffMONT, a tool that predicts differentially methylated regions specifically suited for MSP primer design, enabling rapid translation into practical applications. diffMONT takes into account (i) the specific length of primer and amplicon regions, (ii) the fact that one condition should be unmethylated, and (iii) a minimal required amount of differentially methylated cytosines within the primer regions. We compared the results of diffMONT to metilene and DSS based on a publicly available nanopore sequencing dataset and show that the regions predicted by diffMONT are more specific toward hypermethylated regions. diffMONT accelerates the design of methylation-specific diagnostic assays, bridging the gap between theoretical research and clinical application. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The source code for diffMONT, an open-source Python-based tool, is available at https://github.com/rnajena/diffMONT/, with an archived release under https://zenodo.org/records/17641031.

DNA Methylation↗

PubMed1977

Noninvasive estimation of brachial artery blood flow: a clinical application of ultrasonic instrumentation.

Ultrasonic instrumentation based on the Doppler phenomenon fulfills one requirement for a blood flowmeter - that it sense a variable which is a function of the volume of blood moved through the blood vessel in situ. In this study, a segment of the blood flow velocity waveform recorded noninvasively from the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa was used as a basis for estimating the mean velocity of a bolus of blood passing through the incident sound beam of a Doppler instrument. A stroke flow index - cubic centimeters of blood per pulse wave propagation - was calculated as the product of the mean velocity and cross-sectional lumen area of the brachial artery. The method used in these experiments proved to be reproducible in volunteer subjects. The estimated minute flow ranged from 32 to 95 ml/min in these normal subjects. Serial measurements before and after open-heart operations in 64 patients demonstrated a valuable clinical application. A significant reduction in the brachial artery stroke flow index was recorded at some time postoperatively in 21 of these patients. The brachial artery stroke flow index determined non-invasively has potential value as an objective estimate of cardiovascular instability.

Brachial Artery↗

PubMed1979

Clinical application of carotid electrosphygmography.

A short historical review of sphygmography and a description of the contour together with the genesis of the arterial pulse wave is given. An own procedure of quantitative analysis of the carotid sphygmogram is described. The scope of these investigations was an attempt to determine sphygmographic criteria for arterial distensibility, showing the degeneration of the arteries. First it is reported about the original technique of the carotid resonance electrosphygmography (CRESG), then the advantages resulting from long-term investigations (especially with arterial atheriosclerotic patients compared with normal subjects) are stressed. Secondly, the practical value of CRESG, substantiated with X-ray aortography, pathological findings and experiments on dogs is shown. In two groups (70 healthy subjects and 221 patients with reduced distensibility of the arterial wall) a significant correlation between PWV in the aorta and quantitative sphygmographic data could be shown. Thirdly, the usefulness of CRESG as a noninvasive method in the quantitative assessment of arterial damage is concluded especially for the case of atherosclerosis and hypertension. The further development of this original method in evaluating arterial ageing, the arterial changes in hypertensive patients and in different other pathological situations may promote a broader clinical application of CRESG.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[Studies on cyclic 3', 5'-AMP system in human brain and its clinical application in Neurosurgical practice (author's transl)].

Literatures showed that cyclic AMP of cultured neoplastic cells of any kind was very low in concentration and also the effect of cyclic AMP and its derivatives on the malignant cells, especially on the malignant glioma, was already reported in vivo or in vitro from several neurosurgical units. The intrinsic content of cyclic AMP of the human cerebrum and the human brain tumors was first reported by authors in 1971. In this presentation the authors intended to confirm that the lower concentration of the cyclic AMP the more histologically malignant cerebral neoplasm, as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid, was observed. Concentration of cyclic AMP in the subcortical white matter, glioma, meningioma and medullobalstoma was much lower than in the gray matter tissue, however, it was not clear that the difference of the cyclic AMP concentration be possibly related to the malignancy of the human brain tumor. Furthermore, the cyclic AMP content of the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients with various brain tumor was not clearly different. The activity of adenyl cyclase was reported the highest in the synaptosome-containing fraction of the rat brain homogenate and this fact was significantly consistent with the finding that the highest concentration of the cyclic AMP was found in the human grey matter tissue. With the human brain gray matter authors determined successfully the activity of the human cerebral phosphodiesterase, which was probably localized in the post-synaptic membrane and was 158 nmole/mg protein/min. Its apparent Km was 0.9 x 10(-4) M. The results reported above have suggested the important participation of the cyclic AMP to cerebral synaptic transmission of nerve impulses, which was studied by light and electron-microscopic autoradiography utilizing the pulse labeling method with 3H-adenine. According to our study the majority of the adenyl cyclase of the human cerebrum was located synaptic structure and the finding obtained was quite compatible, as the first morphological study, with previously reported biochemical analyses. It was indicated that the cyclic AMP in the human brain was concerned to the cerebral synaptic transmission of nerve impulses and this should be very interesting and important to the clinical application for recovering cerebral function of neurosurgical patients.

2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases↗

PubMed1976

[On the application of electric stimulation currents in operations. Concept of a clinically applicable device (author's transl)].

With the use of high voltage electric currents in patients who initally have been anaesthetised, the anaesthesiologist faces new aspects. For this reason basic principles of physical medicine and medical engineering with respect to special problems are described. The majority of impulses current generators used so far do not even comply with the first principal requirement of any therapy namely knowledge of the dose of the agent applied. A system for electric currents crossing the body is outlined, which is characterized by constant current and isovoltage-free outlets in connection with a special ECG-amplifier and a control pattern. This apparatus for the first time guarantees maximal safety in clinical use. First animal experiments demonstrate the possibility of the risk if this method is applied in a inexperienced manner: in all animals ventricular fibrillation could be achieved when the electrodes were used in a position near the heart and there appeared to occur nonspecific reactions when current was directed through the brain (ear acupuncture)

Acupuncture Therapy↗

PubMed1978

Bone-conduction electrocochleography: clinical applications.

Cases are presented which show the clinical utility of recording an electrocochleographic response to bone-conducted stimuli. The procedure is fraught with problems of acoustic control and artifact generation, but has distinct although limited values in clarifying masking dilemmas in patients with bilateral hearing loss.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2025

A clinically applicable method for early interstitial lung disease detection in incident rheumatoid arthritis cases: integration of protein biomarkers and clinical factors.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop an early diagnostic method integrating proteomic biomarkers and clinical parameters for screening interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through a multi-phase research strategy. METHODS: A three-phase study was conducted: (1) Discovery: Tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyzed serum protein profiles in 5 RA-ILD and 5 RA-non-ILD patients, identifying candidates via bioinformatics. (2) Verification: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) validated candidates in an independent cohort (13 RA-ILD vs 14 RA-non-ILD). (3) Application: Biomarkers combined with clinical indicators (Krebs von den Lungen-6 [KL-6], age, sex) were evaluated in 110 patients (51 RA-ILD vs 59 RA-non-ILD) to build a predictive model. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis identified matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), von Willebrand factor (VWF), and other significantly differentially expressed proteins. ELISA validation confirmed that serum MMP3 and VWF levels were significantly higher in the RA-ILD group than in the RA-non-ILD group (p = 0.025 and 0.027, respectively). Expanded validation demonstrated superior diagnostic performance when combining MMP3 and VWF with KL-6 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.90). The nomogram prediction model based on univariate analysis exhibited excellent discrimination (AUC = 0.89) and calibration. CONCLUSION: This systematic study from discovery to validation identified MMP3 and VWF as potential biomarkers for RA-ILD. The integrated predictive model combining these biomarkers with clinical parameters (KL-6, age, sex) provides a potential tool for early ILD screening in RA patients, offering novel strategies for early diagnosis and intervention of RA-ILD.

Humans↗

PubMed1975

Clinical applications of the continuous flow blood separator machine.

The NCl/IBM or Aminco Continuous Flow Blood Separator Machine is a safe apparatus for the selective removal or exchange of either packed red blood cells, leucocyte-rich or platelet-rich layers or plasma. Abnormal fractions from any of these layers may be collected and discarded. Normal constituents may be collected for therapeutic uses. The wide scope of its applications includes important uses in clinical immunology: temporary provision of good leucocytes or platelets; harvesting of immune leucocytes (preparation of transfer factor at up to 10 units per harvest); removal of cryo- or macro-globulins, immune complexes or blocking factors; replacement therapy for antibody or complement deficiencies. Examples are given of such uses together with some of the medical problems so far encountered.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

[Endonasal Ar+-laser beam guide system and first clinical application in vasomotor rhinitis (author's transl)].

First clinical experiences in the treatment of vasomotr rhinitis of 3 patients using an Ar+-laser are discussed. Punctiform and stripe laser lesions were produced on the lower human turbinates. Macroscopically the typical laser lesion consists of a central area of carbonisation surrounded by a sharply bordered zone of coagulation. Later a hyperemic margin arises. Some days after laser application an ulcus developes which is cleaned after some days. 20 days after laser application the wound is healed completely. The advantage of laser surgery is the absent of blood and pain if premedication and surface anesthesia are used. Laser surgery is compared with present-day surgical techniques for treatment of vasomotor rhinitis. Within the present time of observation of 6 months the patients are free of symptoms, if a sufficient laser surgical treatment took place. The laser surgical technique and the contruction of the laser beam guide system is described. At a laser power of 1.5-2 W and a beam diameter of 0.7 mm on the tissue the time of irradiation was several seconds on each lesion. The disadvantages of the laser technique are the high costs for the laser instrument and some technical problems with the nasal end tube.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1979

Clinical application of the monitoring of anticonvulsant drug levels.

The drug treatment of epilepsy poses considerable problems, including the high prevalence and early age of onset of seizures, the relatively poor prognosis in many patients, prolonged polypharmacy, chronic toxicity, and uncertainty of the relative efficacy of individual drugs. The application of recent knowledge of the clinical pharmacology of the major anticonvulsants offers a partial solution to several of these problems. Although there is no therapeutic range for any drug applicable to all patients, a more simple rational and effective approach to treatment is possible with the guidance of serum level monitoring. In new referrals, there is considerable potential for monotherapy, and the avoidance of polypharmacy and chronic toxicity. Reduction in polypharmacy in chronic patients is more difficult, but in many can be achieved with reduction in toxicity, and sometimes improved seizure control. Further studies will provide a clearer picture of the limits to modern anticonvulsant therapy, the relative efficacy of individual drugs, and the potential for improved long-term prognosis.

Aging↗

PubMed1979

Evaluation and clinical application of the quantitative radioreceptor assay for serum hCG.

An evaluation of a radioreceptor assay (RRA) for the quantitation of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in serum resulted in intra- and interassay variations of 2.6 and 5.5% (average), respectively. Recovery of hCG in a preparation of second IRP-hCG gave an accuracy of 93.2%. Standard curve data demonstrated that variation in reagent addition and incubation time allowed for flexibility in the use of the assay depending on the level of sensitivity desired. The most sensitive assay, which used an incubation of 2 hours, gave a usable range of 40--250 mIU/ml hCG on the standard curve. The applicability of the quantitative RRA in clinical cases is shown with 9 patients (total of 31 serum samples) in a comparison study with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the beta-subunit of hCG.

Choriocarcinoma↗

PubMed1978

A new bubble oxygenator (OCVC oxygenator): development and clinical application.

A new bubble oxygenator, designed for simple operation and clinical efficacy in intracardiac surgery, has been developed and clinically evaluated. This device is characterized by an oxygenating chamber with controllable blood-volume, integral heat exchanger and two-stage microfilter of gravity drainage system, an apparatus for creating and uniformly distributing oxygen bubbles, and construction materials of the device known to be minimally traumatic to the blood. Clinical experience in 132 infantile and pediatric open heart procedures has demonstrated its effectiveness as measured by embolic complications and simplicity in maintaining physiologic blood gas levels.

Blood Volume↗

PubMed1975

A new colimetric assay for monoamine oxidase in serum and its clinical application.

A new colimetric assay for serum monoamine oxidase and clinical findings based on this method are described. This rapid, precise procedure employs 1-[(4-aminomethylphenyl)azol]-2-naphthol as a substrate. The enzymatically generated 1-[(4-formyl phenyl)azo]-2-naphthol is extracted into cyclohexane to form a colored solution whose absorbance is determined at 500 nm. The method proved to be extremely simple, and the results obtained correlated well with those given by the standard method of McEwen.

Aldehydes↗