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Results for “Cognitive-behavioral therapy”

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PubMed2026

Intervention Without Borders - an Automated Self-Guided AI-Enhanced Psychoeducation Intervention for Dementia Caregivers: Parallel-Group Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether a fully automated, self-guided intervention (PDC30) could improve caregiver well-being over a 1-month waitlist control in an international sample. DESIGN: Randomized waitlist-controlled trial. SETTING: Web-based platform accessible globally. PARTICIPANTS: 441 individuals responded to study promotion on the internet, of whom 274 from 43 countries met the study criteria and were randomized. Eligible participants were adults providing ≥10 care hours weekly to community-dwelling relatives with dementia, scoring ≥5 on Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and without recent caregiver intervention. INTERVENTION: Available 24/7, PDC30 is a self-guided, automated intervention consisting of a Guidebook, an AI-powered counseling chatbot, and interactive applications for cognitive-behavioral techniques, relaxation, and caregiver-recipient bonding. MEASUREMENTS: At baseline and follow-ups at 1, 2, and 3 months, depression was assessed by PHQ-9. Secondary outcomes were measured with validated brief versions of anxiety, burden, and positive gains. RESULTS: Intent-to-treat analysis using mixed-effects regression showed treatment x time2 effects on all outcomes except anxiety. At 1-month follow-up, coinciding with exclusive access to PDC30, intervention caregivers showed significant improvements in depression (d = -0.37), burden (d = -0.34), and positive gains (d = 0.42). The differences mostly disappeared after control participants received the intervention, while improvements in both groups were sustained thereafter. Participants reported using the website several times weekly, were generally satisfied with it, and found the chatbot most helpful. CONCLUSIONS: The effects on depression and other outcomes were consistent with those observed for in-person programs, suggesting the viability of well-designed automated intervention. The study demonstrates the feasibility, acceptability, and potential global health impact of PDC30.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral approaches to chronic pain: recent advances and future directions.

Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral approaches to chronic pain are receiving increasing attention from researchers and clinicians. This article reviews and highlights recent research advances and future research directions. Assessment research reviewed includes studies examining the social context of pain, the relationship of chronic pain to depression, cognitive variables affecting pain, and comprehensive assessment measures. Treatment outcome studies reviewed are those evaluating the effects of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatments for chronic pain. These studies focus on comparisons of behavioral treatment with control conditions, comparisons of two behavioral treatments, and prevention of chronic pain. Future directions for assessment and treatment research are outlined.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1992

Psychoneuroimmunology: can psychological interventions modulate immunity?

There is ample evidence from human and animal studies demonstrating the downward modulation of immune function concomitant with a variety of stressors. As a consequence, the possible enhancement of immune function by behavioral strategies has generated considerable interest. Researchers have used a number of diverse strategies to modulate immune function, including relaxation, hypnosis, exercise, classical conditioning, self-disclosure, exposure to a phobic stressor to enhance perceived coping self-efficacy, and cognitive-behavioral interventions, and these interventions have generally produced positive changes. Although it is not yet clear to what extent these positive immunological changes translate into any concrete improvements in relevant aspects of health, that is, alterations in the incidence, severity, or duration of infectious or malignant disease, the preliminary evidence is promising.

Arousal↗
PubMed1992

Recent advances in the assessment and treatment of insomnia.

Persistent insomnia has multiple potential causes such as medical, pharmacological, life-style, personality, and behavioral factors. Although many poor sleepers use hypnotic medications, a wide array of cognitive-behavioral interventions are available that target somatic and cognitive arousal, dysfunctional thoughts, and learned maladaptive sleep habits. Outcome research conducted over the past decade reveals that the single treatments of stimulus control and sleep restriction produced the best results, reducing self-reported target complaints by 50-60%. Approximately half of insomniacs show reliable change although only about one third become good sleepers. Multicomponent methods offer considerable promise but on the whole have not surpassed results achieved with the simpler stimulus control. Recommended new directions of pursuit include (a) examination of a broader range of insomnia sufferers, (b) use of multimodal assessment and more objective verification of self-reported benefits (c) research on treatments tailored to individual causal and maintaining factors, and (d) further scrutiny of newer interventions like sleep restriction and more comprehensive multifaceted strategies.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1977

Behavior change following self-confrontation: a test of the value-mediation hypothesis.

This study presents a reanalysis of data from Rokeach's self-confrontation experiments using path analytic techniques. Contrary to Rokeach's interpretations, findings indicate that behavior changes following self-confrontation are not primarily mediated through changes in value priorities. Rather, the available data suggest that the self-confrontation process involves the resolution of inconsistencies between behaviors and self-conceptions that are revelaed during the treatment session. The authors interpret these findings within the framework of Rokeach's general theory of self-disatisfaction and cognitive-behavioral change. Suggestions for future directions in self-confrontation research are offered.

Attitude↗
PubMed1992

Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in youth: treatment implications.

Reviews the empirical literature on the comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders in youth, emphasizing prevalence of comorbidity, difficulties in assessment and measurement, familial factors, and developmental differences. The nature of anxiety and of depression in youth is examined (e.g., differentiating cognitive deficiencies from cognitive distortions), and treatment recommendations are presented from a cognitive-behavioral framework. Components of the treatment include affective education, enactive programming, addressing reinforcement difficulties, correcting cognitive distortions, and enhancing problem-solving skills. Peer and familial factors are discussed. Successful treatment of co-morbid children relies on a flexible application of these strategies with consideration of the developmental level and particular symptom constellation of the individual child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Attempts to prevent falls and injury: a prospective community study.

At 16 senior centers, we studied the effectiveness of exercise and cognitive-behavioral programs, compared with a discussion control program, in reducing falls and injuries among 230 older adults. After 1 year of the programs, we observed no significant difference in time to first fall. Even though a relatively high percentage (38.6%) suffered at least one fall, only 7.8% of these community-residing elderly required medical attention. Secondary outcome measures such as strength, balance, fear of falling, and perceived health did not significantly change.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1992

Cognitive-behavioral treatment of health-impairing food phobias in children.

Three cases reports describe assessment and treatment of three boys (ages 6 to 8 years) hospitalized because of weight loss and malnutrition, caused by severe dietary restriction and/or refusal to eat solid food. Psychological, behavioral, and medical assessments indicated that the boys were of average intelligence, without other significant psychological or medical disorders. Their eating disturbances were conceptualized as phobic disorders maintained by family factors reinforcing the children's avoidant behaviors. Cognitive-behavioral treatment consisted of an individualized combination of contingency management, shaping, desensitization, relaxation training, education, and cognitive restructuring. Generalization and maintenance were promoted by training parents to implement treatment at home before discharge. Treatment positively affected overall caloric intake, weight gain, number of solid foods accepted, and incidence of emesis.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Preventing unwanted adolescent pregnancy: a cognitive-behavioral approach.

Teenage pregnancy is a growing social problem in the United States. Past interventive failures and current research suggest new directions for primary prevention. A comprehensive prevention program is outlined, and training techniques based on a cognitive-behavioral approach are proposed to help adolescents acquire skills necessary to avoid unwanted pregnancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Acceptability of interventions for childhood depression.

Using a case description methodology, this study examined the effects of behavior problem severity, intervention type, and subject race on mothers' acceptability ratings of five interventions used to treat childhood depression. Results indicated that (a) all psychological (behavioral or cognitive-behavioral) interventions were rated more acceptable than pharmacological treatment; (b) among the psychological interventions, the social skills intervention was the least preferred; (c) acceptability of treatments varied as a function of subject race; and (d) severity of depressive symptoms failed to influence acceptability ratings significantly. Psychometric support was found for a revised measure of acceptability (Abbreviated Acceptability Rating Profile; AARP) developed in the context of the present study. Implications of the findings for consultation are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A cognitive-behavioral versus nondirective group treatment program for opioid-addicted persons: an adjunct to methadone maintenance.

Fourteen methadone maintenance individuals participated in a 10-week program comparing the relative effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral (CB) versus discussion-type (DISC) group in developing adaptive behavioral skills and self-evaluations. Posttreatment and follow-up results indicated that the CB group was significantly more successful than the DISC group in lowering reported levels of anxiety, depression, and situational non-assertiveness. These data are discussed in terms of a comprehensive, social rehabilitation program that involves multiple treatment techniques and measurement criteria.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cognitive-behavioral approach to alcoholism: preliminary report of the realization of a therapeutic group].

The heterogeneity of alcoholic patients has lead alcohologists to find specific treatments for them. The cognitive-behavioural approach enables recognition of the cognitive and communicational distortions disclosed by these patients. This approach attempts to correct these distortions by training social skills. In accordance with this orientation, we have organised a therapeutic group for alcoholic patients. We have estimated how much patients appreciate this approach and how they expect it to change their drinking behaviour. Thirty-five alcohol-dependent patients have agreed to take part in three groups during their stay in hospital for detoxification. Each session deals with one of the following themes: "reproach & refusal", "request & emotions" and "relapse". The rating is assessed through a self-administered questionnaire. The appreciation of the method is very good for all measured parameters, and 76% of the patients consider it can help them.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cognitive-behavioral model and instruments of evaluation. Organization of a rehabilitation center].

The Authors describe the one year experience they had at A.MI.G a rehabilitation centre in Florence. Problems of organization and evaluation are considered. Methods of evaluation have been used to divide the patients in three groups which have been treated differently. Rehabilitating interventions based on verification and therapeutic continuity are shown. Problems which have arisen and considerations on the hypothetic future interventions are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cognitive behavioral treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: preliminary findings.

We used a simple quasiexperimental design to assess the efficacy of an inpatient cognitive-behavioral treatment program for persons with fibromyalgia syndrome (FS). Twenty-five participants were assessed on 3 occasions: (1) about 5 months before admission to the program, (2) on admission and (3) at discharge. In addition, the dependent variables (pain response measures) were divided into "target" (expected to change with treatment) and "nontarget" (not expected to change) to assess potential demand characteristics. Our results showed that, whereas no changes occurred in either target or nontarget variables between the initial assessment and admission, consistent changes were observed only in target variables between admission and discharge. Our data provide preliminary support for cognitive-behavioral treatment for FS.

Adolescent↗