PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Competency framework”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of nursing learning environments on adaptive competency development in baccalaureate nursing students.

Kolb's experiential learning theory (ELT) was used as a framework to study 179 generic baccalaureate students' perceptions of the contributions of different types of nursing learning environments to development of adaptive competencies described in the theory. In addition, students in each of the 4 years of the program were asked to describe their perceptions of the importance of Kolb's adaptive competencies for successful functioning in nursing settings as well as to rate their personal levels of skill on each competency. Nursing learning environments were thought to contribute most to divergent and convergent competencies, reflecting the importance of both people-oriented and scientific skills in nursing. Clinical experiences and the senior preceptorship experience contributed significantly more to the development of these competencies than typical nursing classes and nonnursing classes. Students considered assimilative competencies--such as testing theories--and ideas and accommodative competencies--such as leading and influencing others--relatively unimportant to successful functioning in nursing learning environments. Implications for nursing education are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

[Language competence of 14-year-old adolescents in relation to their sociocultural origin: results from a logopedic study in the framework of the Basel kindergarten study].

Between 1986 and 1988 speech and language abilities of a representative sample of 341 fourteen-year-old Basle schoolchildren were assessed as part of the 2nd Follow-up examination of the Basle Kindergarten-study. The language and speech test consisted of retelling and writing two stories, one of them played by tape-recorder, the other by video recorder. In addition three established language tests (Mottier-, IMK- and KLI-speechtest) were used. The results show significant differences between Swiss children and children of Italian workers in different test parts. There are also differences between boys and girls and between social classes. The high proportion of children with language difficulties is alarming. Parts of the tests used in this study were found to be appropriate for a screening of speech and language abilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Ranking radiotherapy treatment plans using decision-analytic and heuristic techniques.

Radiotherapy treatment optimization is done by generating a set of tentative treatment plans, evaluating them, and selecting the plan closest to achieving a set of conflicting treatment objectives. The evaluation of potential plans involves making trade-offs among competing possible outcomes. Multiattribute decision theory provides a framework for specifying such trade-offs and using them to select optimal actions. Using these concepts, we have developed a plan-ranking model which ranks a set of tentative treatment plans from best to worst. Heuristics are used to refine this model so that it reflects the clinical condition of the patient being treated and the practice preference of the physician prescribing the treatment. A figure of merit is computed for each tentative plan and is used to rank the plans. The approach described is very general and can be used for other medical domains having similar characteristics. The figure of merit can also be used as an objective function by computer programs that attempt to automatically generate an optimal treatment plan.

Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1981

Retinal location and its effect on the processing of target and distractor information.

Two experiments were conducted to study the perceptual facilitation and inhibition that occurs between foveal and parafoveal or peripheral regions of the eye. Experiment 1 used a Stroop task to compare color detection latencies of foveal and parafoveal targets. The target and distractor components of the Stroop stimuli were separated and presented with varied stimulus onset asynchronies. Experiment 2 used a Stroop-like task to replicate and extend the findings into the visual periphery. Subjects were found to process foveally presented distractor information while attending to targets presented in parafoveal or peripheral regions of the eye. Distractor information that was incompatible was suppressed while compatible information was used to facilitate target processing. When the targets were presented foveally along with the distractor information, subjects appeared to automatically process the distractor information. The findings are discussed within the framework of past studies that presented subjects with competing tasks across retinal location. The implications of these findings to a two-process theory of attention are also considered.

Attention↗
PubMed1992

Making the fit: orienting new employees to community health nursing agencies.

Community health nurse managers require tested orientation methods to fit new employees into the rapidly changing conditions of professional practice, increase nursing productivity, and reduce turnover. The clinical competencies for community health nursing provide a workable framework for applying orientation principles to the special demands of community health nursing.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Individual and community: normative conflicts in the development of a new therapeutic community for older persons.

This paper examines the role of ideology in the establishment of a new therapeutic community for geriatric patients in a state mental hospital. Contradictory role expectations, reflected both in staff-staff and in staff-patient relationship, interfered with the program's achieving its stated goals. In order to apply a humanistic approach to programs for elderly patients, realistic goals-encompassing the range of patient competence-must be set within a reasonable time framework, and the program must provide for an appropriate range of structure.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Recent trends in the demography of heroin addiction among youthful offenders.

Trends in demographic characteristics associated with heroin addiction in successive cohorts of a young offender population over the 5-year period 1968-1972 were examined within the framework of two contradictory views of the social competence of the addict provided by the literature. In general, heroin addicts during this period were found to be older, better educated, and more intelligent than nonaddicts. In addition, the racial composition of both the addict and nonaddict samples became increasingly non-White in composition and better educated; nonaddicts became increasingly older; and no significant trends with respect to intelligence took place. These findings support the view of the addict as being relatively more socially competent than his nonaddict offender peer. Implications of these findings for a model of addiction and rehabilitation are discussed.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

Ranking radiotherapy treatment plans using decision-analytic and heuristic techniques.

Radiotherapy treatment optimization is done by generating a set of tentative treatment plans, evaluating them and selecting the plan closest to achieving a set of conflicting treatment objectives. The evaluation of potential plans involves making tradeoffs among competing possible outcomes. Multiattribute decision theory provides a framework for specifying such tradeoffs and using them to select optimal actions. Using these concepts, we have developed a plan-ranking model which ranks a set of tentative treatment plans from best to worst. Heuristics are used to refine this model so that it reflects the clinical condition of the patient being treated and the practice preferences of the physician prescribing the treatment. A figure of merit is computed for each tentative plan, and is used to rank the plans. The approach described is very general and can be used for other medical domains having similar characteristics. The figure of merit can also be used as an objective function by computer programs that attempt to automatically generate an optimal treatment plan.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1989

Judicial postponement of death recognition: the tragic case of Mary O'Connor.

A recent New York Court of Appeals decision seriously impedes the ability of incompetent patients to control their medical care. In the case of Mary O'Connor, the court virtually eliminated an incompetent's rights to bodily integrity and privacy. The court relied on formalistic evidentiary arguments to vitiate the patient's refusal of death-prolonging treatment. This Case Comment examines both the doctrine and policy underlying the O'Connor decision, suggesting that the court erred in its holding and reasoning. An alternative framework is presented, arguing that courts should honor competently expressed patient decisions concerning medical treatment. New York's highest court, instead, posited an incompetent patient who becomes competent for a moment to render a decision. This legal fiction is nothing more than a thinly masked technique for imposition of the judges' values on the patient. This Case Comment argues that in the absence of clear direction from the patient, family and loved ones generally should make care decisions for the patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Developing and negotiating transfer agreements in allied health.

The Kentucky Council on Higher Education has developed a statewide articulated system for allied health education. The articulated system permits entry and exit of prepared professionals at a variety of levels. The six disciplinary clusters included in the system are clinical laboratory sciences, dental auxiliaries, dietetics/nutrition, rehabilitation therapies, radiological sciences, and respiratory therapy. Competency-based education was used as the theoretical framework for developing and negotiating transfer agreements. Types of agreements included the block credit transfer agreement and the course specific transfer agreement. Agreements were negotiated between education systems and between specific programs/institutions. To date, approximately 30 transfer agreements have been negotiated. The process for negotiating transfer agreements included the following sequence: identify programs, develop a theoretical articulation model, rank order transfer agreements, determine the type of agreement, review respective curricula, determine the existing amount of transferable coursework, draft a pre-articulation agreement, schedule a meeting between faculty and administrators to discuss the agreement, and secure authorizing signatures on the final transfer agreement. Facilitators and barriers to negotiating agreements are discussed and recommendations offered for others who may be interested in developing transfer agreements.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1983

An alternative baccalaureate curriculum plan for RNs.

It is a need of our times to improve the quality of baccalaureate programs for RN students. Professional pressures to secure the degree must be accompanied by the availability of appropriate programs. The yardstick of measure should not differ between generic or RN student. Care should be taken to assure that the competencies commensurate with a baccalaureate degree are attained by any graduate. It is inappropriate to extend the learning requirements for RNs beyond the basic degree requirements. In developing an alternative program for RNs, care should be taken to provide a program congruent with the philosophy, conceptual framework and objectives of the parallel program. Since the entering competencies of RNs differ from those of the basic student, curricular alternatives and course modification should address only that portion of knowledge that is unique. Clinical experiences should be planned to facilitate skill development in those areas that are needed. Registered nurse students should not be placed in clinical sections which fail to foster new skill development. Hopefully, as schools develop more appropriate BS(N) educational programs we will enjoy the success of assisting in the learning process and find the graduates not merely pleased by the degree obtained as a route to better employment opportunities but pleased with the knowledge and skills they have obtained by way of the degree.

Competency-Based Education↗
PubMed1989

An interpretive study describing the clinical judgment of nurse practitioners.

Devaluation of nursing practice by both practicing nurses and nurse educators is giving way to keen interest in clinical scholarship. A naturalistic study was conducted to provide a contextual account of the actual practice of experienced nurse practitioners. Data collection procedures consisted of clinical situation interviews with nurse practitioner pairs, participant observation of patient visits to nurse practitioners in four hospital-based ambulatory settings, individual interviews with nurse practitioners, and administration of a brief demographic questionnaire. The 199 clinical situations that constituted the resulting text were analyzed using phenomenological and existential perspectives. The clinical judgment of experienced nurse practitioners is described through interpretive analysis of the text according to the dictates of hermeneutical phenomenology. This methodology provides a way of describing and communicating the knowledge that develops among experienced practitioners and their patients. Text interpretation also produced an adaptation of Benner's (1984a) domains and competencies specifically for nurse practitioner practice, which may be useful as a conceptual framework for nurse practitioner practice, education, and research.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1987

Nursing home reimbursement: implications for cost containment, access, and quality.

The individual states have many options in designing Medicaid reimbursement systems for nursing homes. Each option has a differential effect on incentives--and outcomes--for containing costs, providing quality care, and maintaining access to care. The mix and consequences of specific choices are analyzed in a framework that disaggregates costs into three components. Tradeoffs among competing elements will be inevitable, but reimbursement policy can maximize both efficiency and equity.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1976

A method for defining competency in Pediatrics.

In 1972 the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) initiated studies leading to a report which identifies the important components of competency needed in the practice of pediatrics. The development of the report involved a group process engaging ABP board members and examiners. The outcome has been (a) the delineation of a process for establishing definitions of competency in a medical discipline; (b) the development of a framework for specifying the abilities needed to perform the tasks required of pediatricians; (c) an elaboration of samples of pediatric subjects to which these abilities and tasks are relevant; and (d) the development of a basis for choice of methods to use for purposes of certification.

Certification↗
PubMed1978

A systematic approach to medical technology curriculum development.

A systematic approach to medical technology curriculum development resulted from a multidisciplinary, federally funded, competency-based curriculum development project in the School of Allied Medical Professions at The Ohio State University. This approach includes processes for identifying medical technology competencies, evaluating the effectiveness of an ongoing curriculum, and developing a domain-referenced framework for organizing, sequencing, evaluating, and updating the requisite professional knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

Competency-Based Education↗
PubMed2026

Beyond risk factors: A capacity framework for cancer survivorship research.

Cancer survivorship research has identified numerous biological, behavioral, psychosocial, health care, and structural factors that influence recovery. However, these factors are typically studied as separate determinants rather than interacting influences. This commentary proposes available survivorship capacity as a unifying framework that explains how these diverse determinants collectively shape recovery and survivorship outcomes. Concepts from geroscience, health care delivery, rehabilitation, occupational therapy, and human factors science were synthesized to develop a conceptual framework of available survivorship capacity. The framework conceptualizes recovery as a function of the capacity remaining after competing health care and life demands draw upon survivors' finite physical, cognitive, emotional, social, financial, temporal, and health care resources. It generates testable propositions for measurement, intervention research, health care delivery, and implementation science while positioning available survivorship capacity as a common mechanism linking diverse determinants of recovery and identifying actionable targets for intervention. Available capacity offers a unifying conceptual framework for understanding heterogeneity in survivorship outcomes and intervention effectiveness while generating a research agenda for future survivorship science. Measuring and strengthening survivors' available capacity, while reducing unnecessary demands, may improve engagement in care, health behaviors, and long-term recovery.

Humans↗