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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1971

Suppression of operant vs consummatory behavior.

The magnitude and variability of conditioned suppression of bar pressing and dipper licking were compared. In two steady-state experiments, suppression of bar pressing was more profound and more stable from day to day. The two measures of suppression were uncorrelated as indexed by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients computed for adjacent trials. Correlations within measures (internal consistency) were somewhat higher for the bar-press system except when a high proportion of rats completely suppressed on one of the correlated trials. In a transient state experiment in which possible adventitious punishment of both response systems was eliminated, suppression of bar pressing was again more profound and considerably slower to extinguish.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of varied taste experience on negative contrast in consummatory behavior.

Rats shifted from 32% to 4% sucrose consume less 4% sucrose than animals that experience only the 4% solution. Previous experiments have suggested that a stress/emotional factor may be causally related to this negative contrast effect on the second postshift day, but not on the first postshift day. The present experiment was concerned with the possibility that contrast on the first postshift day is related to a neophobic response to the postshift solution. Results showed that giving animals experience with variously flavored (seven different flavors) 32% sucrose during the preshift period reduced degree of contrast when the animals were shifted to 4% sucrose. These data are considered in terms of solution novelty, specific loss of "sweetness", and caloric loss as contributors to negative contrast.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuropeptide Y: a potent inducer of consummatory behavior in rats.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide with potent cardiovascular effects. In the present study, intraventricular injection of NPY was shown to markedly stimulate feeding and drinking during the illuminated period of the light/dark cycle, a time when rats ingest small amounts of food. It also enhanced nocturnal food and water intake following a 24 hour period of food deprivation and during nocturnal feeding. The NPY induction of food intake was suppressed by the opiate antagonist, naloxone, and by the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol. Phentolamine, an alpha adrenergic antagonist, failed to suppress NPY-induced feeding. Based on the maximum quantity of food which was ingested following central administration of NPY, this peptide appears to represent one of the most potent stimulators of feeding yet to be described.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Consummatory behaviors and weight regulation in pregnant, lactating, and pregnant-lactating mice.

Pregnant Rockland-Swiss (R-S) albino mice consumed significantly more food and water and gained significantly more weight between gestation days 8-17 compared to virgin R-S females maintained in isolation for a comparable period. Postpartum (days 1-10) patterns of ingestion and weight change among thelectomized (nipple-deprived) mouse dams provided with young did not differ significantly from those of virgin animals without young. Sham- and nonoperated dams received suckling stimulation from young and consumed about 100% more food than thelectomized or virgin females (Experiment 1). Pregnancy concurrent with lactation does not increase further the hyperphagic response of female mice. Nipple presence is the principle regulator of postpartum hyperphagia in lactating and simultaneously pregnant-lactating mouse dams (Experiment 2).

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Selective breeding for negative contrast in consummatory behavior.

Rats showing either large or small reductions in licking following a shift from 32% to 4% sucrose were selectively bred for 7 generations. Rats from the 2 resulting lines reliably differed in successive negative contrast and in activity (radial-arm maze and open field). Differences in activity and contrast were not correlated. Heritability (h2) of the reaction to sucrose shift was reliable in the last 6 filial generations and equaled 0.64 in the F7 generation. The 2 lines did not differ (a) in response to the absolute rewarding value of sucrose or cocaine; (b) in open-field defecations or thigmotaxis; (c) in anticipatory contrast; or (d) in responsivity to midazolam. Responsivity to reward reduction may involve a relatively delimited psychological process that is amenable to selection.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Interaction of MSG taste with nutrition: perspectives in consummatory behavior and digestion.

Studies in the taste system of mammals indicate that monosodium glutamate (MSG) produces a unique taste sensation termed umami. As a derivative of glutamic acid, MSG is a naturally occurring nutrient in many foods; its commercial use to improve food palatability for humans is well documented. Behavioral studies with experimental animals have revealed that preference for MSG in solutions and selection of MSG-flavored diets can be explained by sensory means with no appreciable effects on preference by postingestive consequences. However, preference for umami-flavored fluids is reduced by feeding rats low-protein diets or low quality protein. MSG-flavored diets, initially unpreferred, were subsequently highly selected. However, the adulteration of diets by MSG either did not or only slightly increased food intake. In light of the significant contribution of MSG to diet taste, apparently as a signal coupled to dietary proteins, physiological studies have been initiated to reveal its role as a stimulator of the cephalic phase of pancreatic exocrine secretion. Modified sham-feeding experiments with dogs have shown that oral stimulation by MSG produced significant stimulation of both pancreatic flow and protein output in conscious dogs.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Consummatory behavior in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).

Consumption of water and adulterated fluids was measured under choice and no choice situation in voles and gerbils. Voles consumed more water throughout, and were clearly less able to tolerate challenges presented by adulteration of available solutions in the no choice situation. Intake of both species under choice conditions was more affected (although differentially) by fluid adulteration that it had been when no choice was available. Male and female differences were noted but typically these differences were in magnitude rather than direction of the consummatory response. The data were taken to illustrate the need for comparative studies and careful specification of stimulus conditions surrounding testing so that general principles of physiological and behavioral regulation can be separated from species specific differences.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Lack of effect of dynorphin on consummatory behaviors in obese and normal rats.

The possible role of dynorphin, an endogenous opioid peptide, in the regulation of appetite was studied in male genetically-obese (Zucker) rats and their litter mates of normal weight. Eighteen pairs were divided into 3 treatment groups: control, acutely dynorphin-treated (5 mg/rat), and implanted with Alzet mini-osmotic pumps containing 2 mg dynorphin to be delivered at a rate of 10 micrograms/hr. Body weights and food and water consumption were determined daily for 7 days. Body weights were not significantly changed from initial values for any treatment group. Food and water consumption per 24 hours were generally the same for obese rats and their normal littermates, but in terms of consumption per 100 g body weight, the obese rats generally consumed less food and water. Neither acute nor continuous dynorphin administration affected consummatory levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Alterations in consummatory behavior of mice produced by dietary exposure to inorganic lead.

Mice suckled by mothers given tap water and by mothers given a 5 mg/ml lead acetate solution during lactation were given a choice between tap water and a lead acetate solution after lactation. All offspring demonstrated an immediate aversion to the lead acetate solution. The offspring from the mothers receiving lead acetate during lactation demonstrated a greater aversion to the lead acetate solution than did the offspring from mothers receiving tap water. In addition, the lead acetate offspring drank more total fluid (tap water plus lead acetate solution) after weaning than the control offspring. The results indicate both learned and unlearned changes in motivation for fluid following ingestion of lead via the mother's milk in infancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Consummatory behavior as a function of ambient temperature in septal-lesioned and control rats.

Septal lesions or control operations were produced in male and female rats. Measurements of water and food consumption were carried out while the rats were housed under warm vivarium temperatures (24 degrees C) and when maintained in a cold room (6 degrees C). Examination of the data from the entire week spent in the cold revealed that rats with septal lesions deviated from precold water-comsumption levels less than comparable control rats. Further, whereas rats with septal lesions suppressed intake for the first 24 hr following either shift in environmental temperatures, control animals inhibited drinking only when returned to the warm environment. Both surgical groups elevated food consumption in the cold. The relative amount of food and water consumed during the day (vs night) increased for all groups when maintained in the cold. Differences in degree of reactivity to the manipulations were observed in male and female rats. These findings were interpreted as adding further support to our contention that septal lesions alter the behavioral (rather than direct metabolic) adaptations an animal makes to its environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effects of lateral hypothalamic lesions on consummatory behavior in developing rats.

Bilateral lesions aimed at the lateral hypothalami of preweanling rats result in decreased weight gain and eventual death within 5 days after the operation. Ten-day-old rats with unilateral damage to the lateral hypothalamus show retarded growth, food and water intake regulatory deficits, and altered sensitivity to quinine adulteration of the water for up to 60 days of age. These results suggest that at least one neural mechanism that regulates food and water intake matures early in the postnatal life of the rat.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Amphetamine enantiomers and rat consummatory behavior: a new perspective.

The anorectic actions of amphetamine have been known for over forty years, yet the precise relationship(s) between the enantiomeric forms of the drug and anorexia is not clearly understood. Previous studies have utilized primarily racemic amphetamine or its d-isomer in the analysis of feeding behavior. In the present investigation, a detailed examination of the effects of single and repeated equiactive doses of d- and l-amphetamine on food consumption by adult male rats was undertaken with emphasis on aspects of tolerance development. Weight loss and pattern of daily food intake differed depending upon the isomer, dose, and degree of tolerance. Two types of tolerance were seen with both isomers, an initial tolerance with a decrease in efficacy between days 1 and 2, and a later gradual decrease in efficacy over 12 days of repeated dosage. Rats tolerant to the anorectic effects of d-amphetamine were only minimally affected when challenged with an equiactive anorectic dose of l-amphetamine, while rats tolerant to the anorectic effects of l-amphetamine showed a significantly depressed food intake and modified eating pattern when challenged with an equiactive dose of d-amphetamine. Therefore two-way cross tolerance, as previously assumed, does not completely exist between low equiactive doses of d- and l-amphetamine.

Amphetamines↗