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PubMed1991

[Duration of desire for a child, contraceptive behavior and rate of previous infertility treatment. An epidemiologic study of 750 consecutive patients in labor at the Oldenburg Gynecologic Clinic using a structured interview].

In order to gain current information, on how long a healthy couple desiring a child has to wait until conception, on previous contraceptive behaviour and prior infertility treatment, 750 women were interviewed within 7 days after delivery between January and November, 1989, using a standardised questionnaire. This sample represents one third of all patients, who delivered a child in an Oldenburg hospital during the time period covered. 544 women had desired a pregnancy, an additional 206 women had not directly planned a pregnancy, and 73 of these had taken no precautions against conception, since they were willing to accept a pregnancy if it should occur. 133 women called their pregnancy an "accident", which in 87 couples occurred despite some kind of contraceptive procedure. The absolute number of contraceptive failures was highest for timed intercourse (n = 38) and users of oral contraceptives (n = 32). Couples without a history of infertility treatment had to wait for an average period of 3.4 months before a conception occurred (95% confidence limits: 3.1-3.8 months). The mean age of the women in this group was 28.1 +/- 0.2 years, whereas on an average their male partners were 30.9 +/- 0.2 years of age. The likelihood to achieve pregnancy within the first 4 months of trying, varied between 13 and 15% per month. After 6 months of waiting, the pregnancy rate per cycle was reduced to 6%, whereas, after one year, the likelihood for conception was only 1%. Half of all couples desiring a pregnancy achieved this within 4 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Successful contraceptive behavior among adolescent mothers: are there predictors?

Of 43 adolescent mothers who had been enrolled in a specialized program of prenatal care, 20 reported no subsequent unplanned pregnancy for 2 years. Descriptive statistics were used to identify differences between these nonrepeaters and 23 repeaters. The locus-of-control framework provided the theoretical basis for the study. The two study groups and those lost to follow-up were similar in demographic characteristics. School attendance, contraceptive knowledge, use of contraception, locus of control, and maternal support did not effectively differentiate the two groups. Program activities, including attendance at prenatal groups and nurse/social worker visits, also did not explain recidivism. Implications of these findings for health care providers and for further research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Background information on contraception behavior of patients undergoing abortion as an indication of the psychosocial origin of unwanted pregnancies].

269 patients were interviewed in a private abortion clinic in Lindenfels, Hessen, West Germany on aspects of contraception and abortion. The results indicated three crucial points, which influence contraceptive behaviour: social barriers, which affect indirectly the access to and the handling of contraceptives; psychic, mainly unconscious barriers, which counteract contraception; an increasing distrust and rejection of modern medical contraception, especially in highly educated women. These barriers are evident in lack of information, differing in the various social groups; partly irrational and exaggerated fear of side effects, and lack of success of factual information. Furthermore, poor co-operation is evident on the part of the husband or partner together with considerable shortcomings in medical counselling.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1987

Young adults' contraceptive practices: an investigation of influences.

This study investigated young adults' contraceptive behaviors and attitudes through application of a comprehensive, theoretical framework. Specifically, a social-psychological approach to understanding preventive behaviors (e.g., contraceptive practices), was developed, incorporating the Health Belief Model and other factors, which offered a means for evaluating the extent to which contraceptive behaviors were influenced by individual and group characteristics. The study group consisted of 283 unmarried students at several schools who were, on average, 19 years of age. Results suggested that effective contraceptive behavior associated most strongly with respondents' perceiving relatively few barriers to their use of contraception, their maintenance of extensive interpersonal skills, and their regarding peer norms as consistent with effective contraceptive behavior. Findings also underlined a need for continuing education about sexuality and contraception. Dangerous misinformation prevailed regarding respondents' knowledge of areas that include anatomy, physiology, and appropriate use of effective contraceptive methods. Finally, results implied a need to consider broad behavioral, social, and interpersonal issues as they relate to young adults' effective contraceptive behavior. Future studies of contraceptive risk taking are encouraged to examine both individual and social factors affecting sexual and contraceptive practices if unplanned pregnancy is to be minimized, if not eliminated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The influence of parents, church, and peers on the sexual attitudes and behaviors of college students.

Male and female undergraduate students were surveyed concerning their sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors, and contraceptive behavior. In addition, the general attitudes about sexuality the students perceived as communicated to them by their parents, their church, and their peers were assessed. It was found for female students that general attitudes about sexuality, as defined on an erotophilia-erotophobia dimension, and sexual behaviors were correlated with the perceived attitudes of peers, rather than those of parents and church. However, male students' attitudes and some sexual behaviors were correlated with the perceived attitudes of their parents, rather than the views of their peers and church. Church attitudes were not found to be related to any of the measures. None of the sources of influence, parents, peers, or church attitudes, or erotophilia-erotophobia was related to contraceptive behavior.

Attitude↗
PubMed1975

Selected aspects of adolescent postpartum behavior.

Contraceptive, educational, and vocational behavior patterns of postpartum adolescents were examined. Eight months after delivery 269 teenage girls who participated in a comprehensive antepartum psycho-social program were mailed follow-up questionnaires. Eighty-three percent of teenage mothers who responded reported using birth control pills as a form of contraception. We found that single girls were more actively involved in vocational and educational training. This and other observations indicate that marital status of teenage participants is important to their postpartum actions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of competitive sports on the menstrual cycle and sexuality--results of a survey of the West German team for the Olympic games in Los Angeles].

The present investigation attempts to analyse exact data on the menstruation cycle, contraception and the sexual behavior of competitive sportswomen. Since the West German participants at the Olympic Games of 1984 in Los Angeles were chosen for this investigation, the patients are unquestionably highly selected. For this reason, the results cannot claim to be representative in all respects. The objective of this study was primarily to register and to analyse the gynecological aspects of women's competitive sport, to reveal interrelationships and if appropriate to point out disadvantageous tendencies. The Olympics participants were subdivided into five different groups on the basis of the type of sport: I. take-off power/speed II. anaerobic endurance III. aerobic endurance IV. technique/dexterity V. team games. A control group was formed of middle-distance and long-distance runners. The data were analysed with regard to competitive sport and age, number of days of training and training minutes per week, menarche, duration and length as well as intensity of menstrual bleeding, menstruation symptoms, influence of menstrual bleeding on sport performance, dependence of peak performance on the menstruation cycle, sexual behavior, contraception behavior.

Adult↗