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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Dental Implants. Part I: Biological basis, implant types, and the peri-implant sulcus.

Dental implantology is a rapidly advancing area of dentistry providing a number of alternative treatment possibilities for patients with partially or fully edentulous mouths. The following article is the first in a series of three dealing with various aspects of dental implantology, with a particular emphasis on those areas related to field of periodontology. In this paper we shall consider the biological basis of dental implants, different implant systems, and the peri-implant sulcus. Forthcoming articles will cover the diagnosis and treatment of peri-implantitis and failing implants, guided bone regeneration around implants, immediate implant placement, the placement of implants in the posterior maxillae, and implant maintenance.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Advances in the use of guided tissue regeneration for localized ridge augmentation in combination with dental implants.

Osseointegrated dental implants placed into adequate bone enjoy a high success rate. However, placing implants into resorbed alveolar ridges can result in fixtures that are not optimally positioned or must be placed in insufficient bone, thus reducing their rate of success. Recently, techniques for bone regeneration developed for use around teeth have been applied to implant dentistry. Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR), also called Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR), uses thin membranes which act as barriers to soft tissue ingrowth. This approach for regenerating bone around implants is described in detail in this paper. Initial approaches and modifications are covered as are specific details of current techniques.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1999

Clinical and radiological results of patients treated with three treatment modalities for overdentures on implants of the ITI Dental Implant System. A randomized controlled clinical trial.

In a randomized controlled clinical trial carried out at the Ignatius teaching hospital in Breda, The Netherlands, 110 edentulous patients with severe mandibular bone loss were treated with implants of the ITI Dental Implant System using 3 different treatment strategies: a mandibular overdenture supported by either 2 implants with ball attachments, 2 implants with an interconnecting bar, or by 4 interconnected implants. In this study, results of clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated and compared over a period of 19 months after implant placement. A total of 283 ITI Dental Implants were placed. Six implants (2%) were lost during the osseointegration period. No further implant losses occurred after that. At the 19 month evaluation mean values and standard deviations for bleeding index were 0.51 +/- 0.5 (bleeding incidence = 70%) and for plaque index they were 0.46 +/- 0.5 (plaque incidence = 45%). The mean values and standard deviations for probing depth and loss of attachment were 2.7 +/- 1.1 mm and 0.26 +/- 0.6 mm respectively. The radiographic evaluation showed a mean bone loss of 1.5 mm +/- 0.26 after 19 months for all the implants. In cases with 4 interconnected implants there was significantly more bone loss around the central 2 implants (2.1 +/- 0.31 mm) in comparison with the lateral 2 (1.4 +/- 0.25 mm). No significant correlations were found between plaque and bleeding indices and bone loss.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1997

Estrogenic hormones and dental implant therapy: the effects of estrogen and progesterone levels on osseointegration of dental implants.

Successful rehabilitation of female service members suffering traumatic injuries to the maxillofacial region is both a physiological and a psychological issue. A clinical evaluation to determine if an association exists between sex hormone levels and dental implant success was undertaken. Endosseous dental implants were placed in three patient groups: (1) male controls, (2) females with high estrogen, and (3) females with low estrogen. Female groupings were based on ovulation cycles. Serum estrogen (ng/dl), serum progesterone [ng/dl], and serum interleukin-6 (pg/ml) were determined at time of implant placement. Pre- and postsurgical photographs and vinyl-polysiloxane impressions were taken to evaluate crestal alveolar bone loss. Upon data analysis, the authors concluded that the balance of alveolar osseous wound healing was not influenced by temporal fluctuations in the ovulatory cycle.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2006

Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in fresh extraction sockets (immediate, immediate-delayed and delayed implants).

BACKGROUND: Dental implants can be placed in fresh sockets just after tooth extraction. These are called 'immediate' implants. 'Immediate-delayed' implants are those implants inserted after weeks up to about a couple of months to allow for soft tissue healing. 'Delayed' implants are those placed thereafter in partially or completely healed bone. The advantages of immediate implants are that treatment time can be shortened and that bone height might be maintained thus possibly improving the aesthetic results. The potential disadvantages are an increased risk of infection and failures of the immediately placed implants. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate success, function, complications and patient satisfaction between 'immediate', 'immediate-delayed' and 'delayed' implants. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched. Several dental journals were handsearched. The bibliographies of review articles were checked, and personal references were searched. More than 55 implant manufacturing companies were also contacted. Last electronic search was conducted on 7 August 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and preference RCT evaluating immediate, immediate-delayed, and delayed implants, reporting the outcome of the interventions to at least 1 year after functional loading. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Screening of eligible studies, assessment of the methodological quality of the trials and data extraction were conducted independently and in duplicate. Authors were contacted for any missing information. Results were expressed as random-effects models using mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The statistical unit of the analysis was the patient. MAIN RESULTS: Two RCTs were included. One RCT compared immediate implants placed in periapical infected sites versus delayed implants in 50 patients and after 1 year found no statistically significant differences. The second RCT compared immediate-delayed versus immediate implants in 46 patients. After 1 year and a half there were no statistically significant differences for prosthesis and implant failures, complications, aesthetics assessed by the patient and the papilla height assessed by the dentist. However, patients in the delayed group perceiving the period between tooth extraction and insertion of the crown significantly longer than patients in the immediate-delayed group, mean difference of VAS -20.30 (95% CI -33.36 to -7.24). There was also statistically significantly higher patient satisfaction in the immediate-delayed group, mean difference (VAS) -6.51 (95% CI -12.63 to -0.39). An independent blinded assessor judged the level of the perimplant marginal mucosa in relation to that of the adjacent teeth as more appropriate in the immediate-delayed group, with risk ratio (RR) 1.68 (95% CI 1.04 to 2.72). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Despite that the evidence is derived from only two RCTs with a limited number of patients, it is possible to suggest that immediate implants and immediate-delayed implants may offer some advantages over conventional implants in healed sites in terms of patient satisfaction and aesthetics possibly by preserving alveolar bone. Immediate implants can work and are able to shorten treatment periods, however properly designed RCTs are still needed to fully evaluate the potential advantages and risks of this treatment modality since more complications and failures may occur.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed1994

Role of diagnostic imaging in evaluation of the dental implant patient.

Dental implants have become an accepted form of permanent tooth replacement. Nearly all implants currently being placed are of the osseointegrated type. These typically consist of three parts: a fixture, an abutment, and a screw or threaded rod. The fixture, usually composed of titanium, can be placed in either a surgically created site in the alveolar ridge or a fresh extraction socket. Diagnostic imaging can play an important role in evaluating patients with such implants. Useful imaging studies include plain panoramic radiography, computed tomography, and computer-reformatted cross-sectional, panoramic, and three-dimensional imaging. Advanced imaging studies can be used to determine the suitability of implant placement, appropriate sites for implant placement, the size of the implant that can be placed, and the need for preimplantation ridge surgery. Postoperatively, advanced imaging studies can show failure of an endosseous implant to osseointegrate, improper placement of an implant, and violation of important structures.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed2004

[Orthodontic treatment of patients after early dental implantation].

Early dental implantation no later than 6 months after tooth removal under conditions of incomplete reparative osteogenesis was carried out in 62 patients (120 implantations). At the stage of orthodontic treatment a device for tooth restoration and fixation of artificial crown, suggested by the authors, was used. The efficiency of dentures supported by implants and natural teeth simultaneously was evaluated. The incidence of unfavorable outcomes of treatment was 5.8% after surgical stage of treatment and 11.7% after the patients were fitted with orthodontic constructions; the patients were observed during 5 years. The utilization of removable dentures supported by implants in patients with a complicated somatic status was analyzed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Surface analysis of four dental implant systems.

Dental implants obtained from four suppliers were analyzed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Three of the implants were delivered in a sterilized condition, while the fourth implant was delivered in a plasma-sprayed condition. The covering oxide layer consisted mainly of TiO2. Divalent and trivalent states of titanium were also detected, showing that TiO and Ti2O3 layers occurred. The thickness of the oxide formed on the plasma-sprayed implant was 3.4 nm. The oxide thicknesses of the sterilized implants were 4.6 +/- 0.4 nm. The surfaces of all samples were covered with organic contaminants. A strong fluorine signal was obtained from one sample, indicating that the supplier etches the implants in hydrofluoric acid. Calcium and zinc were found on the surfaces of all samples from one supplier, while calcium and silicon were found on the surfaces of the implants from another supplier. It is suggested that inorganic contaminants should be avoided because these species can possibly provoke the dissolution of titanium.

Calcium↗
PubMed1997

Dental implant infections.

Dental implants provide a restorative tool to support crowns, bridge abutments, and removable dentures. Osseointegrated implants are titanium posts that are surgically implanted in alveolar bone. A tight immobile bond (osseointegration) forms between bone and titanium, and prosthetic and restorative fixtures are attached to the implants. Titanium implants differ from natural teeth, which may make them more susceptible to mechanical stress. A small proportion of implants are not successful and may fail due to infection. The microbiota of implants is similar to that of teeth in similar clinical states. Implants that fail because of mechanical stress are colonized by species associated with healthy teeth. Infected implants are colonized by subgingival species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter gracilis, Streptococcus intermedius, and Peptostreptococcus micros. Different patients may be colonized by different microbial complexes, indicating that optimal treatment should be directed to the specific infection.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1996

Disaccharide analysis of chondroitin sulfate in peri-implant sulcus fluid from dental implants.

We collected peri-implant sulcus fluid by capillary tubes from sites around titanium osseointegrated implants and determined the chondroitin sulfate released into the peri-implant sulcus fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Chondroitin sulfate was found in all peri-implant sulcus fluid samples, and its content was similar to that in gingival crevicular fluid obtained around natural teeth. The predominant unsaturated disaccharide isomer was delta Di-0S, followed by delta Di-4S. Delta Di-6S was present in trace amounts. The amount of delta Di-0S was greater in peri-implant sulcus fluid than in gingival crevicular fluid. Assaying chondroitin sulfate disaccharides in peri-implant sulcus fluid may be an effective method of monitoring the peri-implant condition of dental implants.

Chondroitin Sulfates↗
PubMed2004

Development of implant movement checker for determining dental implant stability.

Noninvasive and nondestructive mobility assessment of dental implants is very important and useful for dental implantation diagnostic-aids. The development of implant movement (IM) checker based on microcontroller is presented in this paper. Data acquisition system and bender-type piezoelectric probe were used to improve measurement quality to the original tooth mobility (TM) tester. The adoption of a microcontroller and the use of a dental drill-sized measuring probe were sufficient in the reproducibility and reliability of the IM checker. When the implant was subjected to a constant force and amplitude, the acceleration of the model was detected using the measuring probe. The data acquisition system controlled for obtaining the appropriate acceleration signals based on the preload detection during measurement. Dental implant models of Molteno and Rigolac were made at different stiffness and were used to verify the reliability and validity of measurements. The values of measurements obtained by the IM checker were reliable and precise. The maximum error for perpendicular measurements was less than 12% measured by a new operator and decreased to 2% by an experienced operator. The IM checker was applied to monitor the stability of dental implantation, which compared the relative IM score of the new 5[see text] implant with the adjacent old 6 [see text] implant that had been used functionally for 3 years.

Dental Implants↗
PubMed1982

The influence of the bone-implant interface stiffness on stress profiles surrounding Al2O3 and carbon dental implants.

Dental implants have been used and studied for the replacement of missing teeth for many years. Finite element stress analysis (FESA) has previously been used in their evaluation to study the effect of various design parameters on induced stresses. A two-dimensional FESA was used to evaluate the effect that the implant-bone interface elastic modulus has on the stress distribution around LTI carbon and aluminum oxide dental implants. The results of this investigation indicate that a soft tissue interface between implants and bone negates the effect of implant elastic modulus and results in stress profiles that were almost identical for the LTI carbon and aluminum oxide implants.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1995

Heat generated during preparation of titanium implants of the ITI Dental Implant System: an in vitro study.

The aim of the present study was to assess in vitro the heat generated within the implant body when preparing titanium implants of the ITI Dental Implant System to estimate the potential risk of tissue damage of individual abutment preparation. The speed and the pressure were applied according to routine clinical procedures used in the patient's mouth. Much attention was paid to ensure optimal cooling at the point where the implant and secondary part were being cut. For each of 3 preparations the change from the original temperature was measured over a period of 40 s. Each type of preparation was repeated on 5 implants fitted with temperature probes. Three different preparatory procedures performed with rotating diamond burs and stainless steel finishing burs under cooling with spray from the dental unit may result in a maximal increase in temperature of 10 degrees, 7 degrees and 3 degrees measured coronally, both at the implant shoulder and at the coronal extent of the plasma-sprayed surface after 10 s. The use of additional spray and pressured air significantly reduced this maximal increase to 5 degrees C, 5 degrees C and 4 degrees C, respectively at 10 s. At the 30-s and 40-s time points, all the measured temperatures were significantly lower. Preparation of implants or abutments does not lead to detrimental effects on peri-implant tissues provided that adequate cooling with spray is used. However, without cooling, extreme overheating could be provoked, reaching the critical temperature that would lead to irreversible bone damage within only a few seconds.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1997

Periotest values of dental implants in the first 2 years after second-stage surgery: DICRG interim report no. 8. Dental Implant Clinical Research Group.

In 1991, the Dental Implant Clinical Research Group initiated a long-term clinical study in cooperation with the Department of Veterans Affairs to investigate the influence of implant design, application, and site of placement on clinical performance and crestal bone height. As part of this investigation, Periotest values for 2,212 root from implants were determined at second-stage surgery and during a 24-month follow-up period. Mean Periotest values decreased for implants placed in quality 1 and 2 bone, did not change for implants in quality 3 bone, and increased for implants in quality 4 bone. Implants in the posterior maxilla and single implants in the anterior maxilla had increasing mean Periotest values as compared with decreasing values for implants in other regions. Mean Periotest values for uncoated implants decreased gradually to approach those of hydroxyapatite-coated implants.

Adult↗