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PubMed1991

[Allergy survey in genital contact dermatitis].

Contact eczema is one of the most frequent dermatological affections, regardless of age and sex. In typical cases, the diagnosis is usually easy, but it may be less so where there are atypical factors, in particular locations and with complications or unusual etiological data. In fact, the first condition in making a diagnosis is to suspect that there is the possibility of contact allergy. As an example, it should be remembered that allergy to benzalkonium can be diagnosed after a mean time of 87 months of evolution. The present availability of standardised allergens for testing for contact allergens has greatly changed the diagnostic possibilities. The allergens that are most often the cause in the genital region are perfumes, chlorhexidine, hexamidine, benzylalkonium chloride and latex. Only recognition of the allergen and its removal are used and sufficient to obtain recovery.

Allergens↗
PubMed1997

Glutathione metabolism in mice is enhanced more with hapten-induced allergic contact dermatitis than with irritant contact dermatitis.

Cutaneous inflammation induced by electrophilic compounds involves irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Reduced glutathione (GSH) and related thiols have been postulated to play important roles in detoxification of electrophilic xenobiotics, protection of tissues against reactive oxygen species, and modulation of immunologic functions in normal and diseased subjects. The dynamic aspects of GSH metabolism, however, and its significance in patients with ICD and ACD remain to be clarified. The current study was carried out to elucidate the pathogenesis and possible involvement of GSH in both types of inflammation. Normal mice and mice sensitized with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were challenged by cutaneous administration of DNCB, and changes in GSH metabolism in skin and liver were determined. Kinetic analysis revealed that 24 h after challenge with DNCB, levels of hepatic glutathione and its secretion increased more markedly in the sensitized mice than in the unsensitized animals. Administration of buthionine-L-sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of GSH synthesis, inhibited the increase in glutathione levels in the liver and the skin of both groups. Histologic examination revealed that cutaneous inflammation was enhanced by BSO more significantly in mice with ACD than with ICD. These results suggest that GSH might play an important role in the suppression of the immune reaction in mice with ACD.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Contact dermatitis and contact sensitization among enamellers and decorators in the ceramics industry.

126 enamellers and 64 decorators from 5 factories underwent dermatological and allergological examination using occupational test series in order to evaluate the prevalence of dermatitis and contact sensitization, and to identify the most important sensitizing substances. 48 workers (corresponding to 25.26% of the study population) were sensitized, with a total of 55 positive patch tests. Dermatitis was present in 22 workers, whereas 44 subjects claimed to have had skin lesions in the past. We found 17 positivities to specific substances: 7 to red iron oxide; 2 to antimony trioxide, manganese dioxide and maleic anhydride; and 1 to red copper oxide, cadmium chloride, vanadium pentoxide and sodium tripolyphosphate.

Allergens↗
PubMed1982

Ulcerative contact dermatitis caused by sodium silicate. Coexistence of primary irritant contact dermatitis and contact urticaria.

A 57-year-old man had had recurrent ulcerative lesions on his left hand for two years. The ulcers were associated with chronic eczematous changes resulting from primary irritant contact dermatitis to sodium silicate, as indicated by positive patch tests. The patient also had another type of cutaneous reaction to sodium silicate, ie, contact urticaria. An immediate wheal and flare reaction was found 15 minutes after application of sodium silicate to a scratch test site. This response was not seen in healthy control subjects. To our knowledge, the coexistence of primary irritant contact dermatitis and contact urticaria, both induced by sodium silicate, has not previously been described.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parthenium dermatitis: is it a systemic contact dermatitis or an airborne contact dermatitis?

We describe here a Parthenium hysterophorus patch-test-positive patient with widespread dermatitis of non-airborne contact dermatitis pattern, improving while staying in Shimla (a parthenium-free area) and rapidly worsening while visiting his native place, where there was exuberant parthenium growth. After recovery, inhalation of fresh plant material from a polythene bag resulted in exacerbation of dermatitis and pruritus within 8-10 hr, without any respiratory symptoms. The possible pathomechanism of such a phenomenon is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Differential epidermal expression of the invariant chain in allergic and irritant contact dermatitis.

Allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis have different pathogenic mechanisms. It is therefore plausible that the epidermal expression of HLA-DR and the invariant chain associated with antigen processing and presentation might differ between allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. We have quantified the volume of epidermal HLA-DR and invariant chain reactivity and the total epidermal volume in allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis using confocal laser scanning microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence on acetone-fixed 25 microns thick vertical skin sections. Eight nickel allergic patients were patch-tested with 5% nickel sulfate and 8 healthy volunteers were patch-tested with 4% sodium lauryl sulfate. Skin biopsy specimens were taken at 0, 6, 24, and 72 h after application of the patch tests. Sodium lauryl sulfate induced a statistically significant increased epidermal volume at 24 h and 72 h compared to 0 h and 6 h (p < 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively), whereas an increase in epidermal volume in the allergic contact dermatitis group was not noted until 72 h after patch testing with nickel sulfate compared to 0, 6 h (p < 0.001) and 24 h (p < 0.004). No significant changes in the epidermal volume of HLA-DR reactivity were found at any time point within or between the two groups, nor was there any significant change in the epidermal volume of invariant chain reactivity in the allergic contact dermatitis group. In the irritant contact dermatitis group, however, the epidermal volume of invariant chain reactivity was significantly reduced from 17 +/- 8 x 10(3) microns 3 at 24 h to 9 +/- 3 x 10(3) microns 3 at 72 h (p < 0.04), which was also significantly lower than the 14 +/- 4 x 10(3) microns 3 observed in allergic contact dermatitis at 72 h (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the invariant chain expression was significantly lower than the HLA-DR reactivity in the irritant contact dermatitis group at 72 h (p < 0.001). The decrease of invariant chain reactivity at 72 h in irritant contact dermatitis might reflect an epitope-induced alteration by sodium lauryl sulfate or a down-regulated biosynthesis of the invariant chain due to variance in local cytokine production between allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Immunohistochemical characterization of HSP, alpha-MSH, Merkel cells and neuronal markers in acute UV dermatitis and acute contact dermatitis in vivo.

OBJECTIVE: To study the immunoneurocrine network in inflammatory dermatoses, we investigated histochemically acute UV and acute contact dermatitis. METHODS: Antibodies were applied to frozen and paraffin specimens of human skin after irradiation (n = 10), to positive patch tests (n = 10) and controls (n = 10) against: HSP 70, 72, 27, neuronal polypeptides (alpha-MSH, NSE, bombesin, PGP 9.5, NGF, NGF-R) and intermediate filaments (peripherin, NF 200, CK 19, 20). RESULTS: HSPs and alpha-MSH were upregulated in UV dermatitis in the epidermis compared to contact dermatitis and normal skin. Sunburn cells did not express HSPs or alpha-MSH in UV dermatitis. Neuronal markers and HSP 27 labeled more nerve fibers in UV than in contact dermatitis, except the increased staining for NGF, NGF-R and alpha-MSH in nerve fibers in contact dermatitis. In UV dermatitis, 50% of Merkel cells were suprabasal, but in contact dermatitis, basal, rounded and reduced in number. CONCLUSIONS: Merkel cells, HSPs and markers of neuroinflammation are of different importance in UV and contact dermatitis in vivo.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2002

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis is more prevalent than irritant contact dermatitis: a 5-year study.

BACKGROUND: Irritant contact dermatitis is thought to be the leading cause of occupational skin disease in the United States. Recent reports suggest otherwise. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of allergic and irritant forms of occupational contact dermatitis in the population seen at a Midwestern dermatologic referral clinic, report professions commonly affected by occupational skin disease, and indicate which substances are frequent allergens. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patch test data collected at the University of Kansas between 1994 and 1999 was performed. RESULTS: Of 537 patients who underwent patch testing, 135 (25%) had occupational skin disease. Allergic contact dermatitis affected 81 (60%) patients, and irritant contact dermatitis was found in 46 (34%). Health care professionals, machinists, and construction workers accounted for nearly half of all patients with occupational skin disease. Nickel sulfate, glutaraldehyde, and thiuram mix were the most common allergens. CONCLUSION: Patch tests with a wider array of allergens than those currently available in the United States are needed to prevent misdiagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of epidermal cytokine profiles in sensitization and elicitation phases of allergic contact dermatitis as well as irritant contact dermatitis in mouse skin.

Epidermal cytokines are known to participate in the initiation of immune and inflammatory processes in the skin. In the present study, we examined epidermal cytokine mRNA levels to elucidate the initial molecular events in the sensitization and elicitation phases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) as well as in irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). BALB/c mice were sensitized on the dorsal skin with 0.5% dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and challenged with 0.2% DNFB on the ears 6 days later to elicit allergic contact hypersensitivity (ACDe), the elicitation phase. To examine cytokine profiles during the sensitization phase from the same anatomic area, other animals were sensitized on ear instead of dorsal skin. The sensitization phase of ACD (ACDs) was induced by painting the ears of naive mice with 0.5% DNFB. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), utilized as an irritant control, was also applied to the ears of another group of mice to induce ICD. Total RNA was extracted from the epidermis of the treated ears at various time points after each treatment, reverse transcribed to cDNA, and amplified by PCR using radiolabeled cytokine-specific primers. Amplified products were sized by electrophoresis and autoradiography and semiquantitated by densitometry. Autoradiographs were normalized relative to beta-actin signals. ACDs and ACDe showed similar patterns of cytokine mRNA levels; that is, at 6 h after hapten application, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA levels were upregulated, and this upregulation was observed until 24 h after treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1979

First epidemiological study of contact dermatitis in Spain - 1977. Spanish Contact Dermatitis Research Group.

The present work is the first epidemiological study carried out by the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Research Group during 1977. During this year 2806 patients were studied with patch test among 30873 dermatological patients. The 60-62% of the totality had reactivity to one or more patches. Four major groups of allergens were able to consider, following the incidence in their power of sensitize. First group with strong incidence include: Nickel, Chromate, Cobalt, T.M.T.D.,P.P.D.A., Mercapto mix., and Wood tars. Second and third groups with medium incidence contain: Caines, Carbonates, Neomycin, Balsam of Peru, Mercury, Lanolin, Naphtyl mix., Formaldehyde, Benzalkonium chloride, P. P. D. A. mix, and Turpentine. Four group show very low incidence substances, as: Epoxi, Sulfonamides, Etilendiamine, Parabens, Chinoform, Colophony and Cinnamon oil. Few comments about age and occupations are included.

Adolescent↗