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PubMed1984

Heredity and infectious diseases: a twin study.

A concordance study of 6 infectious diseases of childhood has been carried out in a sample of 656 twin pairs classified by sex and zygosity. A new approach is proposed to estimate the respective influence of heredity and of common environment. The estimates thus obtained range from 86% hereditary component in the case of measles to 100% environmental component in the case of scarlet fever.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Relationship of endogenous sex hormones to coronary heart disease: a twin study.

We examined the association between endogenous sex hormones (estradiol, estrone, testosterone, and SHBG) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in white male twins. Stored plasma samples were available for 566 participants of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Twin Study, a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease in male twins. Twenty-eight of these individuals were lost to follow-up, and outcome data were missing. Of the remaining 538 participants, 78 had CHD at baseline, and 154 subsequently developed CHD over 20 yr of follow-up. We observed no differences in mean unadjusted or age- and body mass index-adjusted log-transformed sex hormone concentrations for participants with and without CHD (all P > 0.08). Quartile and median split analyses revealed no significant association between any of the sex hormones and either prevalent or incident CHD. The discordant monozygotic twins showed no significant case-control group difference in estradiol, estrone, testosterone, and SHBG (all P > 0.3). The positive and negative concordant twin pairs had similar values for each of the sex hormones (all P > 0.3). We observed no relationship between endogenous sex hormone concentrations and prevalent or incident CHD in this sample of male twins.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Systemic lupus erythematosus and related systemic diseases in a nationwide twin cohort: an increased prevalence of disease in MZ twins and concordance of disease features.

Concordance rates for systemic rheumatic diseases among monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs ascertained from the older (twins born before 1958) and younger (twins born during the period 1958-1986) parts of the Finnish Twin Cohort were studied. Nine MZ pairs and 10 DZ pairs with at least one member affected by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were identified. Only one MZ pair was concordant for definite SLE by American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria. In addition, two more MZ pairs that fulfilled three ARA criteria may have been concordant. None of the DZ pairs were concordant for SLE. MZ twins also had a higher concordance rate for tests of autoantibodies, but the numbers were small. Other systemic rheumatic diseases were infrequent. The cumulative incidence of systemic rheumatic diseases among MZ twin individuals (1.7/1000) was significantly higher than that among DZ twin individuals (0.7/1000).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Concordance rates for benign prostatic disease among twins suggest hereditary influence.

OBJECTIVES: The etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is unknown. Evidence for a hereditary trait would provide new avenues for investigation. METHODS: We compared the concordance for benign prostate disease in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins who served in the United States military in World War II and have been followed by the Medical Follow-up Agency, Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. Questionnaires completed in 1985 by 10,000 twins were reviewed for evidence of prostatic disease. Key words indicating benign prostatic disease (prostate, prostatectomy, BPH, TURP, and prostatism) were identified in 533 (5.3%) of the questionnaires. RESULTS: The average age was 64 +/- 3 years (range 56 to 68 in 1985). After eliminating men with known prostate cancer, there were 256 twin pairs that were informative for benign prostatic disease: both twins were concordant in 25 instances and discordant in 231, with only one twin mentioning benign prostatic disease. The pairwise concordance for MZ twins was 14.7% (19 of 129) and for DZ pairs it was 4.5% (5 of 112). The relative risk for benign prostatic disease for MZ twins was thus 3.3 (p = 0.008). The probandwise concordance rates, which express the probability of BPH in a cotwin of an affected twin, were 25.7% for MZ twins and only 8.5% for DZ twins. A covariance analysis estimated that 49% of the observed variance between twins could be attributed to genetic effects. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide preliminary evidence for the heritability of benign prostatic disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Moyamoya disease in twins].

The authors described twins of ten-year-old girls who developed Moyamoya disease at the same time. The family history showed no abnormality. They were born in 1973 under the cesarean section for the early rupture of the membranes and weak pains. The first case experienced tonic convulsions, and abnormal findings on the EEG were pointed out on May, 1979. Seven months later, CT scan was performed in another hospital, which showed the findings of brain atrophy. She experienced absence attacks on January, 1980, and had the first admission. She was diagnosed as epilepsy. Right carotid angiography (CAG) was performed, which showed no abnormal findings. On August, 1983, she complained transient ischemic attacks (TIA) of right hemiweakness and sometimes loss of consciousness for 5 to 10 minutes. She had the second admission on September, 1984. Growing status and neuro-psychological findings were normal. The EEG seemed almost normal, but she complained a TIA on right upper extremity two minutes after the hyperventilation, so the examination was stopped. CT findings was the same as that performed in 1979. Bilateral CAG showed marked stenosis of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) at the siphon and basal moyamoya vessels. Vertebral angiography had no sterno -occlusive lesions. Left encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) was performed, and six weeks later, right EDAS. Postoperatively, TIAs disappeared and she had a good clinical course. The second case had a similar history as described in case 1, except the absence of epileptic attacks. EEG abnormality was pointed out, and she also had the diagnosis of epilepsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Crouzon disease in twins. Clinical and pathological contribution.

After a survey of cases in the literature reported, two cases of Crouzon disease, in monovular twins are described. The observation in twins and the opportunity of histologic examination of optic nerve, permitted some considerations in order to help in understanding this syndrome.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1984

[Adult identical twins with moyamoya disease].

Adult identical twins with Moyamoya disease are reported. Laboratory examinations such as blood types, AB, Rh(+), HLA (human leucocytic antigen) analysis [AW26(9), A26(10), BW62(15), BW61(40), CW3], and finger prints, and hairs confirmed that two patients were identical twins. Both had normal serum immunoglobulin levels and no anti-DNA antibodies. Patient No. 1, a 39-year-old female, was admitted to our service with chief complaints of nausea, vomiting and left hemiparesis with sudden onset on Oct 31, 1981. The patient had an episode of tetraplegia that occurred suddenly at 4 years of her age and lasted about a week. Motor weakness had completely disappeared but moderate mental retardation remained. She had been employed just prior to this attack. CT and angiographic examinations revealed ventricular hemorrhage with Moyamoya disease, which had miliary aneurysm in the branch of the right posterior choroidal artery. The operation of encephalomyosynangiosis was performed on her left hemisphere. The postoperative course was uneventful. Patient No. 2, the twin sister of patient No. 1, was in good health and mental state until 19 years of her age, when she suddenly lost consciousness and developed hemiparesis. After this attack, her motor function had recovered well. However, mental ability gradually deteriorated and she was admitted to a psychiatric ward. CT examination and angiographic studies were performed on Oct 12, 1982, and she was diagnosed as having Moyamoya disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗