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PubMed1991

Use of a microcomputer database system in a statewide effort for data collection in medical genetics.

The Genetics Office Automation System (GOAS) is a database management system for the collection and reporting of medical genetics data. We have previously reported on its implementation in a single university center [1,2]. We report here on its implementation in a coordinated data collection effort for the State of Missouri. We discuss the current status of the data collection activities and procedures to share data collected at an individual center with state, regional, and national data collection efforts.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1992

The French communicable diseases computer network: a technical view.

This paper describes an information system (IS) established in France in 1984 for the national surveillance of communicable diseases. This IS is based on a videotex server and a relational database management system. The videotex server is the IS front-end. It performs the following functions: interpersonal communications, synthetic information retrieval into an epidemiologic info-base and data entry owing to its specialized applications. The relational database management system allows the user to manage and consult an epidemiologic database updated in quasi-real time. Several specific tools have also been developed in order to enhance data representation and analysis and the decision support capabilities of the IS.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Design of hospital database systems in a non-relational environment.

The lack of an appropriate, widely accepted, design procedure for use with non-relational database management systems has been a major, common problem in many efforts to develop an integrated hospital database. The availability of such a design procedure is particularly important today since the majority of the database management systems currently in use are non-relational. A database design procedure is proposed which should assist with the design of optimal non-relational hospital database systems. The proposed design procedure is separated into two distinct steps: the development of an appropriate intermediate relational database structure and the subsequent development of an equivalent non-relational one. A set of rules is given for the move from the proposed intermediate relational to the equivalent non-relational structure. An example application from the hospital environment is also included in order to better demonstrate the process.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1989

Extended relational operators for statistical data manipulations in medical databases.

Conventional relational database management systems fail to address three features of statistical data management in a biomedical/clinical database, namely, that (1) statistical and medical data (SMD) require a great deal of space and need to be stored in a reduced form with minimal duplication; indeed, SMD have many derived/calculated and summary statistics that make the number of attributes in a relation (i.e., a set of records) grow rapidly and dynamically; (2) most SMD have hierarchical structures that are difficult to manage using the relational data model since SMD are stored in separate relations for duplication and space considerations; and (3) the management of SMD is made easier if it is possible to reorganize relations or group data, a capability lacking in conventional relational database management systems. In this paper, we (1) introduce five extended relational operators, (lattice) NEST, (lattice) UNNEST, MERGE, SPREAD, and GEN, to reorganize relations; (2) integrate the extended operators with conventional relational algebra and introduce the concept of the lattice relational model; and (3) give applications of the extended relational operators and the lattice relational model in solving the problems of statistical data manipulation in medical databases.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An electrocardiogram database incorporated into the hospital information system.

A database system was developed for storing and retrieving electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretations made by the Bonner program. One ECG record consists of the patient identification information, measurement matrix, and interpretive statements made by the program and by the reviewing cardiologist. The logical structure of the database is 3-level hierarchy. An ECG record is automatically inserted into the database when an ECG signal is analysed by the program. Stored ECG records can easily be retrieved using any parameter and qualifier for review, research and education. The physician can gather statistics on the parameters and qualifiers of the extracted ECG records using statistical program packages (BDMP, SCSS) and a decision support system (AS). Since the database management system is DL/I, the newly developed system can be transferred to various computers, and the relationships between the ECG findings and clinical records stored in the DL/I form can easily be studied.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1987

Automating Veterans Administration libraries: I. National planning and development.

The Veterans Administration Library Network (VALNET) needed an automated library system that could interface with the agency's national automation activities. The Library Special Interest Users Group was established to oversee the selection of appropriate automated systems. The Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System (MUMPS) computer language and VA FILEMAN, a database management system, are being used to create new library software, which will be in the public domain.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A knowledge-based system for real-time quality control and fault diagnosis of multitest analyzers.

A PC-based real-time quality control (QC) system for multitest analyzers has been developed as a prototype. The system is built with use of a relational database management system (DBMS). Control values from the various analytical channels are stored and administrated with use of the DBMS. The control values collected during various stages of control are filtered through statistical control procedures and the control status of the instrument is continuously presented in color-coded fields indicating the possible presence of critically sized systematic or random analytical errors. The knowledge about rational trouble-shooting of a specific instrument is represented in a network structure and stored in relational tables of the DBMS. An inference engine performs alternating backward and forward reasoning in the network and guides the operator in trouble-shooting.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1989

Querying medical databases in an environment offering logical data independence.

Medical information systems are becoming popular. Furthermore, their use is expected to be expanded in future. In order to easily extract information from the underlying databases, easy to use man-machine interfaces are required. This paper concerns the doctor interface of the ARPIA medical information system based on a relational database management system. The whole system is currently used inside the Outpatient Pediatric Clinic of the Catholic University of Rome, Italy. The interface provides logical data independence towards the underlying relational database. The paper contains some background about this kind of interfaces, and also, it sketches the software architecture of the implemented prototype.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1991

Incorporating client-server database architecture and graphical user interface into outpatient medical records.

Computerized medical record systems require structured database architectures for information processing. However, the data must be able to be transferred across heterogeneous platform and software systems. Client-Server architecture allows for distributive processing of information among networked computers and provides the flexibility needed to link diverse systems together effectively. We have incorporated this client-server model with a graphical user interface into an outpatient medical record system, known as SuperChart, for the Department of Family Medicine at SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse. SuperChart was developed using SuperCard and Oracle SuperCard uses modern object-oriented programming to support a hypermedia environment. Oracle is a powerful relational database management system that incorporates a client-server architecture. This provides both a distributed database and distributed processing which improves performance.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMed1989

[Initial experiences with a new kind of computer compatible coding and analysis system for inpatient and ambulatory services].

This paper describes a new concept of an operational database management system including the word processing program "Word Star". The system structure is composed of patients identities and linked MIR's (medical information records) to follow a patient's history in space and time. In- and out-patient's data are collected on a special data sheet with numeric responses from the following areas: demographics including risk factors, diagnosis, surgical procedure, intra- and postoperative morbidity analysis. Data are entered using a DBS-16 concurrent dos system and stored on a 105 Megabytes hard disk. The software program in its compiled version allows for processes like outpatients clinic management, appointments organisation and statistical analysis of different variables thus providing detailed information on patients postoperative morbidity.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1987

Artificial intelligence--its use in nephrology.

Artificial intelligence techniques and expert systems are graduating from research laboratories to enter many human domains of activities. However, initial expectations of the seventies have been transformed with time to a more sober reality. Starting from examples in nephrology, this paper tries to give a balanced view of this new technology. Justification, indication and limitation of present expert systems are discussed as regards their possible goals. The respective roles of the experts and knowledge engineers are described. The need to integrate the artificial intelligence approach into present patient database management systems in order to build up expert database systems is evaluated.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1991

Implementation of a two-dimensional electrophoresis-related laboratory information processing system: database aspects.

A laboratory information processing system (LIPS) has been developed to provide support for various laboratory activities related to two-dimensional electrophoresis. In this paper we present the relational schema for each level of activity and the application development of LIPS, in terms of the relational database management system being used. We also discuss our experience with the current system.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1987

Integrating management and expertise in a computerised system for hypertensive patients.

An expert system has been integrated to the data management system of the ARTEMIS programme for hypertensive patients. The patient database, which has been used since 1975, contains the medical records of about 20,000 patients. Information is interactively entered by physicians, nurses and secretaries on video display units. The computerised medical record has replaced the traditional handwritten medical record. The database management system is used to produce different summary reports (inpatient and outpatient care) and personalized recall letters which are mailed to the patients before their appointments. Suggestions provided by the expert system include additional information to be obtained (complementary patient interrogation, biological or radiological investigations, etc.), possible causes of hypertension, and medical prescriptions. The information base allows the description of both static knowledge (in the form of a semantic network) and dynamic knowledge (in the form of production rules). The inference system sequentially uses a combination of forward and backward chaining and performs both exact and approximate reasoning. The diagnostic performance of the expert system was evaluated in 100 cases of hypertension (50 of essential hypertension and 50 of secondary hypertension. Concordance between the diagnosis proposed by the expert system and the one proposed by the specialist was achieved in 92% of secondary hypertension cases and 88% of essential hypertension cases. It is suggested that the integration of data and knowledge management might enhance the overall acceptance by medical staff of a computerised system, and facilitate the validation of a knowledge base.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1988

The design and implementation of a software system for clinical studies: an illustration based on the needs of a comprehensive cancer center.

A computerized system for the management of a clinical research database has been developed with several attractive features. This relational database management system allows for screen-driven data entry, data checking, system security, and report generation in a timely manner. In addition, the system is cost-effective in a number of ways: (1) development time is considerably reduced due to the inherent programming features of the software, (2) once developed the system can be maintained by nontechnical personnel thereby reducing personnel costs, (3) the system can be developed and maintained on a microcomputer system, and (4) the commercial software used in our system is periodically updated thereby assuring the user of state-of-the-art technology. Beyond the initial expenditures for hardware and software, no additional system costs are incurred. While this system, currently adopted by the Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, represents an effective approach to handling the data-management needs of a large, single-institution cancer research center, the design and programming methodology can be readily adapted to other research settings.

Cancer Care Facilities↗
PubMed1985

Computer literacy in family medicine.

Computer literacy is justified and defined in terms of core knowledge about fundamental problem-solving methods for information processing (not as computer languages, hardware characteristics, and so on). These core principles provide a solid grounding that will remain essentially applicable and valid over time. Some of the most powerful methods are used to create expert systems applications, simulations, and database management systems.

Artificial Intelligence↗