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Results for “Decision Support Systems, Management”

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PubMedDate not supplied

Measuring service line competitive position. A systematic methodology for hospitals.

To mount a broad effort aimed at improving their competitive position for some service or group of services, hospitals have begun to pursue product line management techniques. A few hospitals have even reorganized completely under the product line framework. The benefits include focusing accountability for operations and results, facilitating coordination between departments and functions, stimulating market segmentation, and promoting rigorous examination of new and existing programs. As part of its strategic planning process, a suburban Baltimore hospital developed a product line management methodology with six basic steps: (1) define the service lines (which they did by grouping all existing diagnosis-related groups into 35 service lines), (2) determine the contribution of each service line to total inpatient volume, (3) determine trends in service line volumes (by comparing data over time), (4) derive a useful comparison group (competing hospitals or groups of hospitals with comparable size, scope of services, payer mix, and financial status), (5) review multiple time frames, and (6) summarize the long- and short-term performance of the hospital's service lines to focus further analysis. This type of systematic and disciplined analysis can become part of a permanent strategic intelligence program. When hospitals have such a program in place, their market research, planning, budgeting, and operations will be tied together in a true management decision support system.

Catholicism↗
PubMed2003

Decision support system for managing oil spill events.

The Mediterranean environment is exposed to various hazards, including oil spills, forest fires, and floods, making the development of a decision support system (DSS) for emergency management an objective of utmost importance. The present work presents a complete DSS for managing marine pollution events caused by oil spills. The system provides all the necessary tools for early detection of oil-spills from satellite images, monitoring of their evolution, estimation of the accident consequences and provision of support to responsible Public Authorities during clean-up operations. The heart of the system is an image processing-geographic information system and other assistant individual software tools that perform oil spill evolution simulation and all other necessary numerical calculations as well as cartographic and reporting tasks related to a specific management of the oil spill event. The cartographic information is derived from the extant general maps representing detailed information concerning several regional environmental and land-cover characteristics as well as financial activities of the application area. Early notification of the authorities with up-to-date accurate information on the position and evolution of the oil spill, combined with the detailed coastal maps, is of paramount importance for emergency assessment and effective clean-up operations that would prevent environmental hazard. An application was developed for the Region of Crete, an area particularly vulnerable to oil spills due to its location, ecological characteristics, and local economic activities.

Accidents↗
PubMed2003

[Establishment of Chinese eco-agricultural model management information and decision support system].

According to the experiences of eco-agricultural county construction and research on eco-agricultural model, Access technology was used to build the database system about natural resource, agricultural production, eco-environment, eco-engineering and technology, and eco-agricultural model information of each eco-agricultural county. The relative information of 51 eco-agricultural counties could be offered in the system. On the basis of building database system, object-oriented method was applied to design the knowledge base of eco-agricultural model, and visual C++ was used to exploit Chinese eco-agricultural model management information and decision support system. The implement of eco-agricultural model decision with the help of computer was developed primarily.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1998

EpiMAN-SF: a decision-support system for managing swine fever epidemics.

During an outbreak of classical swine fever (hog cholera) or African swine fever, decisions in emergency headquarters have to be made under conditions of time pressure, limited resources and uncertainty. The computer program EpiMAN-SF is designed to support decision-making in this situation by providing up-to-date information and a structured approach to choosing from among competing tasks by combining electronic data management with expert system components. EpiMAN-SF provides accurate and timely summaries of the epidemic, using both text and graphics. In addition, the program provides tools for the epidemiological analysis and forecasting of the emergency, and for assessing current and alternative control strategies. The expert system and simulation models integrated in EpiMAN-SF have been evaluated using sensitivity analysis, historic outbreak data and expert opinion. The results demonstrate that EpiMAN-SF is a valid alternative to traditional data management during exotic disease epidemics.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A decision support system for managing forest fire casualties.

Southern Europe is exposed to anthropogenic and natural forest fires. These result in loss of lives, goods and infrastructure, but also deteriorate the natural environment and degrade ecosystems. The early detection and combating of such catastrophes requires the use of a decision support system (DSS) for emergency management. The current literature reports on a series of efforts aimed to deliver DSSs for the management of the forest fires by utilising technologies like remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS), yet no integrated system exists. This manuscript presents the results of scientific research aiming to the development of a DSS for managing forest fires. The system provides a series of software tools for the assessment of the propagation and combating of forest fires based on Arc/Info, ArcView, Arc Spatial Analyst, Arc Avenue, and Visual C++ technologies. The system integrates GIS technologies under the same data environment and utilises a common user interface to produce an integrated computer system based on semi-automatic satellite image processing (fuel maps), socio-economic risk modelling and probabilistic models that would serve as a useful tool for forest fire prevention, planning and management. Its performance has been demonstrated via real time up-to-date accurate information on the position and evolution of the fire. The system can assist emergency assessment, management and combating of the incident. A site demonstration and validation has been accomplished for the island of Evoia, Greece, an area particularly vulnerable to forest fires due to its ecological characteristics and prevailing wind patterns.

Decision Support Techniques↗
PubMed1999

EpiMAN-FMD: a decision support system for managing epidemics of vesicular disease.

A comprehensive epidemiological information system (EpiMAN-FMD) has been developed to assist national disease control authorities contain and eradicate outbreaks of animal diseases as efficiently and cost-effectively as possible. The system was initially developed to control an incursion of foot and mouth disease (FMD) or any clinically indistinguishable vesicular disease, although it has since been progressively expanded to manage other exotic and endemic diseases. Design objectives for the information management elements of EpiMAN-FMD included the following: the need to manage the vast quantities of data that eradication procedures for an FMD epidemic would generate within a very short time the ability to innovatively apply epidemiological understanding of disease spread to the data processing tasks the reduction of some of the foreseen processing bottlenecks the provision of decision support tools for data entry personnel. Design objectives for the veterinary management elements of the system included the following: the presentation of up-to-date status reports in formats that facilitate decision-making at the national or regional level the ability to optimise manpower resource allocation the capacity to evaluate the relative merits of alternative technical decisions, each of which carry different implicit risks. The system combines a multi-user database management system, expert system elements, various computer simulation models of specific aspects of FMD epidemiology and a range of statistical analyses designed to monitor the state of the epidemic. Although designed in New Zealand, EpiMAN-FMD has been constructed in a flexible style which makes adoption of the system possible in other countries with broadly similar 'stamping-out' contingency plans.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Driving operations with decision support.

Technology has the power to do many things for home care agencies. Paperwork can be streamlined, productivity increased, patients can be monitored remotely. Decision support systems are the next logical step. A decision support system manages and organizes large amounts of data to assist managers in business decision-making. For the home care world, decision support systems help make sense of the wealth of data that agencies generate in response to Outcome and Assessment Information Set forms and prospective payment system claims.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed1995

Decision support systems. Using computers to help manage.

Nurse executives often are encouraged to work smarter, not harder. Decision support systems offer methods for refining the decision-making process. The authors review the types of decisions that managers make and the ways that decision support systems can help nurse executives work smarter.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1993

A decision support system using milk progesterone tests to improve fertility in commercial dairy herds.

MOIRA (the Management of Insemination through Routine Analysis) is a computer program that is a module of DAISY, the Dairy Information System. This decision support system uses the results of milk progesterone tests to determine when to inseminate cows. The MOIRA program plans a series of weekly tests for each cow, to check for cyclicity. Subsequently, the program lists cows for alternate day tests to identify the days when they should be served, and if necessary, a cow can be served without being seen in heat. The work which led to the development of MOIRA showed that ovulation detection rates of 98 per cent were achieved; in commercial herds the rate is around 85 per cent. As pregnancy rates were unchanged, the effect of MOIRA was to reduce calving to conception interval from 90 to 85 days and the culling rate for failure to conceive from 13 per cent to 5 per cent in one herd and from 104 to 100 days and 21 per cent to 12 per cent in another herd. The use of the program produced an estimated extra net profit for the farmers of pounds 52/cow in the first herd and pounds 54/cow in the second.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1989

The leading edge. Data systems can provide the tools needed to meet goals.

Management information systems--essential for strategic planning and management in today's complex healthcare environment--must be designed in concert with goals and strategies developed at the executive or corporate level. Healthcare organizations need management information to support four major functions: strategic planning and marketing, resource allocation, performance assessment, and evaluation of products and services. Computer systems fall into three general categories--administrative, clinical, and decision support (management information systems). Management information systems are the least advanced of the three. The need for strategic planning and managerial control in the face of complexity and competition, however, will result in rapid advances. The chief executive officer must be responsible for the following areas to ensure the effective use of information systems: strategic planning, information systems planning, user-driven focus, systems integration, and monitoring of results. Many larger healthcare organizations have established the position of chief information officer (CIO) to assist in these tasks. The CIO coordinates information systems, telecommunications, management engineering, and office automation.

Decision Support Systems, Management↗
PubMed2001

An integrated decision support system for the management of petroleum-contaminated sites.

In this study, a decision-support system was developed for providing environmental managers with an integrated way for concisely analyzing and visualizing the subsurface contamination problem as well as a means for evaluating alternative remediation technologies. It integrated contaminant-transport modeling, risk assessment, and remediation-system design within a general framework. The developed system was applied to a site in western Canada that is contaminated by petroleum products. A three-dimensional multiphase multicomponent model was established, which provided a basis for further risk assessment. Several approaches based on different environmental guidelines were used to analyze risks due to the site contamination. The results suggested the urgency of taking remediation actions. Six remedial alternatives for cleaning up the site were recommended. Decisions could then be made based on a series of analyses and comparisons among the given alternatives.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1991

Managing information: the role of decision support systems.

This paper defines the role of a decision support system in managing information within a hospital environment. It discusses the use of such a system as a catalyst for change in the clinical as well as financial management of patient cases. A case study highlights one hospital's use of a decision support system. The paper concludes with a discussion of the patient care uses of a decision support system in measuring quality and clinical outcomes, tracking resource utilization, predicting utilization, and setting standards and protocols.

Accounting↗
PubMed1995

A generalizable framework for information systems for physician recruitment/referral.

Hospital information systems have evolved from data processing systems for patient billing and payroll to decision-support systems which support decision making at the middle and upper management levels. With the advancements in the areas of database management, expert systems and networks, important hospital functions such as physician recruitment and referral which historically were performed using traditional procedures, are now performed using these computer-based technologies. Develops a generalizable framework for information systems for physician recruitment and referral using technologies of database management, expert systems and networks. This GIS-PRR system may be used by hospitals and other health-care providers to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the physician recruitment/referral process.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing a decision support system to meet nurse managers' information needs for effective resource management.

This article describes the development of a decision support system called CLASSICA, which assists nurse managers in financial management, resource allocation, activity planning, and quality control. CLASSICA integrates information about patient flow and activity, staffing, and the cost of nursing care at the nursing-unit level. The system provides assistance in planning activities, balancing the budget, and identifying barriers to unsatisfactory resource management. In addition, CLASSICA contains forecasting and simulation options to analyze the influence of factors that affect nursing costs. This article describes the system's development process steps to tailor it to the needs of nurse managers and their existing work practices. Nurse managers actively participated in defining their tasks and responsibilities; identified barriers and difficulties in managing these tasks; defined information needs, data input, and output and interface requirements; and identified expected benefits. Clear communication of project goals, strong user involvement, and purposeful benefit planning was used to achieve the goals for CLASSICA: (1) to provide essential information and decision support for effective financial management, resource allocation, activity planning, and staffing; (2) to improve nurse managers' competence in financial management and decision making; (3) to improve cost containment; and (4) to provide a helpful and easy to use tool for decision support.

Decision Support Systems, Management↗