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[The analogous self-rating scale of affect as a tool in the assessment of change of clinical status of patients with endogenous depression syndrome. A comparison with the Hamilton depression scale].

The authors compare the results of the analogous self-rating scale of affect with self report of affect (Hamilton Scale) in 57 patients with depression during the course of affective disorder. The ASRA seems to be particularly useful in the assessment of improvement in patients with slight or moderate depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Latent endogenous depressions. III. 4 components and 4 stages of latent enogenous depression].

The united somatopsychic structure of larvated depressions consists of asthenia, pathological sensations (cenesthopathy), vegeto-visceral and effective disorders due to a central disturbance of general sensibility. The development of the endo-thymopatical process is expressed in the following stages: 1) vital-asthenic; 2) cenesthopathic-dysthymic; 3) anxious-hypochondriac; 4) delusional-hypochondriac. The second and third stages are larvated depressions in the narrow sense of the word, since the pseudosomatical changes are the main disturbances.

Asthenia↗
PubMed1976

Bipolar manic-depressives and unipolar depressives distinguished by tests of lateral asymmetry.

Tests of lateral asymmetry in hand preference and superiority in thumb opposition rotation (opposing the thumb's pulp surface to that of the little finger) have been applied to bipolar and unipolar affective patients in an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of these tests in differentiating the bipolar and unipolar patient populations. Two comparison samples were also tested: nonpsychotic central nervous system (CNS) disease patients, and normal controls. The normals divided almost evenly into pure dominance (e.g., right-handed, and superior right thumb opposition) and cross-dominance (e.g., right-handed, but superior left thumb opposition). All but one of the CNS disease patients were cross-dominant; the bipolars were predominantly pure dominant; while the unipolars, in contrast to the pure dominant bipolars, were in the majority cross-dominant. This result is consistent with the view that there are two types of affective disorder, bipolar manic-depressive and unipolar depressive illness.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1978

Immune depression in trypanosome-infected mice. I. Depressed T lymphocyte responses.

Using a wide range of experimental conditions, several kinds of T lymphocyte responses in spleen cell populations from trypanosome-infected mice were studied. Lymphocyte stimulation after culture with the mitogen concanavalin A or with histoincompatible cells differing at H-2 or minor lymphocyte-stimulating loci was reduced or abolished in spleen cells from infected mice when compared with responses of spleen cells from uninfected controls. In addition, cytotoxic lymphocytes were not generated in mixed lymphocyte cultures which contained spleen cells from infected animals. Allogeneic skin grafting experiments performed with normal and infected mice showed that a decreased T lymphocyte response also occurs in vivo. The depressed immune responses were not simply due to low numbers of T lymphocytes in spleens of infected animals, but reflected a generalized immune depression which was not antigen-specific.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Bipolar depression (manic-depressive disease) in early adolescence.

Bipolar Depression is rare in early adolescence. Since only rare cases were described in the literature, every case is important. In this article we described three cases of Bipolar Depression who were hospitalized in our Adolescent Unit during the past three years. All of them started at age 13--14. It is important to diagnose this illness in order to administer the required treatment in the acute phase and preventive treatment afterwards. Our experience indicates that treatment for early adolescents is identical with treatment for adults and calls for the same dosage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

A comparative study of art expression of schizophrenic, unipolar depressive, and bipolar manic-depressive patients.

The literature on art productions from psychiatric patients consistently suggests that specific graphic characteristics distinguish among various major diagnostic groups. These hypothesized differences are summarized. Systematic collection of art productions as part of separate research programs studying affective psychoses and schizophrenia has enabled us to amass a collection of psychotic patients' drawings which are used in an attempt to evaluate these hypotheses empirically. Art sessions were held with 104 patients hospitalized for affective psychoses and with 62 patients hospitalized for acute schizophrenia at NIH's Clinical Center. Comparing these drawings across diagnostic groups revealed, to our surprise and contrary to extant hypotheses, considerable within-diagnostic group variability and between-group overlap. There were, nonetheless, some trends in the hypothesized directions. These differences, however, disappeared when comparisons were made on a subsample of age-matched patients. This discrepancy between this research and expectations based on the literature is discussed. Our studies indicate that pictorial characteristics are not closely associated with diagnosis. We have, however, found that individual patient's art productions, and their associations to the pictures, are of great value in arriving at a dynamic understanding of the patient, regardless of diagnosis.

Age Factors↗