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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1965

Specific carcinoembryonic antigens of the human digestive system.

A wide variety of human adult and fetal tissues were studied by immune-diffusion techniques in agar gel to determine whether they contained the tumor-specific antigen(s) previously found in coionic cancers. In the adult tissues it was demonstrated that identical antigens were present in all tested specimens of malignant tumors of the entodermally derived epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, but were absent from all other tested adult tissues. The common antigenic constituents, therefore, represent system-specific cancer antigens of the human digestive system. System-specific cancer antigens have not previously been demonstrated in humans. Experiments with fetal tissues demonstrated that identical antigens were also present in fetal gut, liver, and pancreas between 2 and 6 months of gestation. These components were named "carcinoembryonic" antigens of the human digestive system. On the basis of the present findings and the recent work regarding control of the expression of genetic potentialities in various types of cells, it was concluded that the carcinoembryonic antigens represent cellular constituents which are repressed during the course of differentiation of the normal digestive system epithelium and reappear in the corresponding malignant cells by a process of derepressive-dedifferentiation.

Antigens↗
PubMed1968

Physicochemical studies of the carcinoembryonic antigens of the human digestive system.

A procedure has been described for the purification of the carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA) of the human digestive system. Tumor tissue extraction in 0.6 M perchloric acid followed by paper block electrophoresis and column chromatography on Sephadex G-200 resulted in highly purified CEA preparations as determined by both immunological and physicochemical criteria. The properties and composition of five different purified CEA preparations derived from digestive system cancer metastases were examined. The findings demonstrated a high degree of uniformity amongst these samples. Sedimentation coefficients ranged from 6.9 to 8S. Each sample showed the presence of 14 different amino acid residues and six different carbohydrate constituents (four of which could be quantitated with the amount of material available for analyis). Studies of a purified CEA preparation from a primary hepatoma yielded results which, in some respects, differed from those obtained with the CEA samples of metastatic tumor origin. The implications of these variations were discussed with regard to the probable presence of non-CEA components in the hepatoma preparation. Of primary importance was the observation that the few normal adult digestive system tissues tested failed to show the presence of constituents similar to the CEA. This finding would seem to indicate that, in the adult, the carcinoembryonic antigens of the human digestive system are qualitatively tumor-specific and are not dectectable in comparable normal tissues.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1995

Early transition of the digestive system to exogenous nutrition in domestic post-hatch birds.

The effect of early transition of the digestive system to exogenous nutrition was examined in three experiments with growing birds. A nutrient mixture (0.5 ml) of glucose, starch and oil (1:1:0.5, by vol) was orally administered immediately after hatch to turkey poults (Meleagris gallopavo) having immediate or delayed access to feed (Expt 1). Increasing amounts (0, 0.25 and 0.5 ml) of this mixture were administered immediately after hatch to turkey poults (Expt 2), or to broiler chicks (Gallus domesticus; Expt 3). The relative weights of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and its ingesta content, and the amylolytic capability of the pancreas were examined during the immediate post-hatch period (to 30 h). Oral administration of nutrients immediately after hatching only slightly influenced the growth of the pancreas and its amylolytic activity, but significantly increased GIT weight in both species, in a dose-dependent manner. It is suggested that early post-hatching exposure of the digestive system by the forced administration of nutrient mixture induces anatomical and metabolic changes in the digestive system slightly earlier than in birds with late access to feed. This increases GIT content and plasma glucose levels, resulting in enhanced feed consumption and growth promotion.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Determination and significance of a new carbohydrate antigen CA19-9 in digestive system cancers.

To assess the diagnostic significance of CA19-9, the serum levels in 225 healthy subjects, 201 patients with cancers, 423 patients with benign diseases and 21 pregnant women, were determined by RIA. The mean CA19-9 level of the healthy subjects was 11.2 +/- 0.4 U/ml (range, 6-100 U/ml). Only 3.1% of them were above 37 U/ml. The CA19-9 levels were elevated above 37 U/ml in 7.9% of 293 patients with non-carcinomatous diseases of the digestive system. Among digestive system cancers, elevated levels were found in 18.2% of 11 patients with esophageal cancer, 42.7% of 68 patients with gastric cancer, 39.1% of 23 patients with colorectal cancer, 27.8% of 18 patients with primary hepatic cancer, 71.4% of 35 patients with biliary cancer, and 75% of 20 patients with pancreatic cancer. Most of the patients with levels above 100 U/ml had carcinomatous diseases. The CA19-9 positive rates for patients with gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were extremely low at stages I, II and III, while in patients at stage IV and in patients with recurrent cancer, a tendency for rapid increase in the positive rates and concentrations of CA19-9 was noted. Based on combination assay of CA19-9, CEA and ferritin, in comparison with the positive rates for CA19-9 alone, it was found that the rates were raised to 42.7% in gastric cancer, to 39.1% in colorectal cancer, and to 71.4% in biliary cancer, suggesting the simultaneous determination with these tumor markers may serve to elevate their usefulness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Phenotypic expression of mast cell granule proteinases. Distribution of mast cell proteinases I and II in the rat digestive system.

The distribution of mast cell granule proteinases in the rat digestive system was determined immunohistochemically. The population of toluidine blue-staining mast cells was accounted for by cells containing either rat mast cell proteinase I (RMCPI) or rat mast cell proteinase II (RMCPII). Granules in greater than 90% of RMCPI-containing cells stained red after the Alcian blue/safranin sequence, whereas all RMCPII-containing mast cells stained blue. The red/RMCPI phenotype was typical of the connective tissue mast cells (CTMC) that populate the proximal, non-mucosal, regions of the digestive system, and was also abundant in the serosa and in rectal and gastric muscularis. The blue/RMCPII phenotype, absent from non-mucosal sites except for rare cells in intestinal submucosa and muscularis, predominated in all mucosal tissues and resembled mucosal mast cells (MMC). A third, minor population of cells containing RMCPI but staining blue in the Alcian blue/safranin sequence was detected in both non-mucosal and mucosal tissues. Blue/RMCPI mast cells were rare in the small intestine but more frequent in the mucosa of the stomach and large intestine and in the connective tissues. It is suggested that granule proteinase phenotyping may provide an alternative technique in the analysis of mast cell heterogeneity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ontogenetic features of the accumulation and restoration of thiamine of the digestive system organs in white rats].

Accumulation and renewal of thiamine in tissues of the uneven-aged rats have been investigated. The activity of thiamine-metabolizing and thiamine-retaining systems is shown to decrease in tissues of the digestive system with aging; the same refers to the intensity of enterohepatic recirculation of that vitamin. These phenomena underlie the revealed retardation of the thiamine renewal in organs of the digestive system.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

[Food conversion in the digestive system of juvenile bulls. 2. Digestion of carbohydrates].

Each of ten rations containing 60% feed concentrate were tested on two bulls which were a fistulated at the duodenum. The carbohydrate contents varied considerably. Carbohydrate digestion in the forestomach was estimated by the detergent and Anthron methods and by quantitative gas chromatographic analysis for carbohydrate monomers. Apparent starch digestibility for starch-rich rations varied between 97.8 and 99%. Between 60 and 144 g of starch was found at the duodenum/animal.d in the case of the cereal-containing rations, the highest values being found for the one containing maize. The apparent digestibility of sugar was about 99%. The amount of sugar found at the duodenum varied between 16 and 67 g animal.d. Analysis by gas chromatography revealed that the feeds yielded less hemicelluloses than calculated from the difference NDF-ADF. The only other sugars found in appreciable amounts at the duodenum were arabinose and xylose.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1993

[Digestive system cancers and pregnancy].

Digestive tract cancers are infrequent during pregnancy. Prognosis is usually dismal both because diagnosis is delayed as a result of symptoms being ascribed to the pregnancy and because saving both the mother and fetus is difficult. A review of the relevant literature, focused on colorectal and gastric cancers which are the most common forms, emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and for adjusting treatment to gestational age at diagnosis.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Characteristics of the adaptive restructurings of the digestive system during exposure to the factors of space flight].

The article presents an evaluation of the state of the digestive system in astronauts during short-term and long-term space flights. After short-term (7- or 8-day) flights, there was a transitory activation of gastrointestinal enzyme systems. After prolonged space flights, there was an increase in gastric acidity and pepsin excretion, as well as pancreatic and intestinal malfunctions. In summary, there is a transition of the digestive system to a new level of functioning.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1975

Histochemical study of the activity of lipase in the digestive system of some teleost fishes.

The distribution of lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) in the different parts of the digestive system of Bagarius bagarius, Mastacembelus armatus, Glossogobius giuris and Rohtee cotio has been studied. In the stomach of Mastacembelus, Bagarius and Glossogobius the lipase activity has been found in the mucosa and gastric glands. The intestinal pulb and the intestine of herbivorous Rohtee and in the intestine of the rest of the three fishes show the enzymatic activity in the mucosal epithelium. However, in Mastacembelus and Glossogobius the lipase activity is more pronounced in the intestinal mucosa than that in Bagarius and Rohtee. In the liver, the enzyme is distributed in polyhedral hepatic cells in all the fishes studied specially around the nuclei of the hepatic cells. In the pancreas of Rohtee, the enzyme is distributed in the acinar cells and the cells of islets of Langerhans. The serosa and muscularis of the different portions of digestive system of the four fishes studied are devoid of any lipolytic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Digestive system duplications].

Fifteen digestive duplications, corresponding to fourteen patients, have been surgically treated in "La Paz" Pediatric Hospital between 1966 and 1984. The most common localization (40%) was the large bowel. The first choice treatment was the complete excision of lesions, with led to cure of all patients. Embryologic theories and clinical forms are also reviewed.

Esophagus↗