SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Diphyllobothrium”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

A hidden break in the 28.0S rRNA from Diphyllobothrium dendriticum.

Nondenatured and denatured total RNA from the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda) was analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was found that the large subunit ribosomal RNA (lrRNA) is 28.0S and the small subunit ribosomal RNA (srRNA) is 19.5S. Following denaturation the 28.0S rRNA was disrupted into a 19.5S subfragment and a 20.7S subfragment due to the presence of a centrally located hidden break. By hybridization of Northern blot membranes with oligonucleotide probes specific for the 5'- and 3'-ends of the lrRNA respectively, we have shown that the 19.5S subfragment is from the 5'-end (the alpha-subfragment) and the 20.7S subfragment from the 3'-end (the beta-subfragment) of the 28.0S rRNA of D. dendriticum.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Egg size and form as taxonomic criteria in Diphyllobothrium (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea).

The size and form (length, width, and length: width ratio) of eggs of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum, D. ditremum and D. latum vary considerably among individual worms within each species. The size of eggs varies with host species and a decrease in egg size with increasing intensity of infestation is indicated. The egg size of D. latum increases during the first 10-12 days of egg production. For single worm infections in golden hamsters the mean egg length and width of D. ditremum are significantly smaller than the corresponding means of D. dendriticum and D. latum, while D. latum has significantly wider eggs than D. dendriticum. As taxonomic characteristics, egg size and form may contribute to species delimitation at the population level. For identification at the individual level the best possible accuracy is about 80%. This accuracy is considerably reduced when variation in host species and intensities of infestations are introduced. Scanning electron microscope studies did not reveal any differences among eggs of the three species.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Sequential development of the immune response in rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)] to experimental plerocercoid infections of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824).

Development of the inflammatory response of rainbow trout to experimental infections with Diphyllobothrium dendriticum plerocercoids is described using light and electron microscopy. The cellular response to plerocercoids occurred within 2 weeks post-infection (p.i.). This was followed by an increase in leucocyte numbers during weeks 3-6 p.i., with full encapsulation of plerocercoids by week 6 p.i. Neutrophils were the first leucocytes to engage the developing plerocercoid, followed by large influxes of macrophages which transformed into epithelioid cells. With longer times p.i. the accumulation of different leucocyte types increased, and a blood vascular network developed. Full development of the composite cyst was characterized by fibroplasia, particularly at the periphery of the cyst, and the subsequent deposition of a collagenous tissue matrix. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) examination of serum samples taken over the 20 week period showed that specific anti-D. dendriticum antibody titres were first detected at 5 weeks p.i. and increased to a maximum by 11 weeks p.i.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of substance P-like peptide in Diphyllobothrium dendriticum.

Substance P immunoreactivity (SP-IR) was detected in the nervous system of the gull-tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum. The distribution of the SP-IR neurons in the plerocercoid differs from that of other peptidergic and aminergic neurons in the worm. As well as occurring in the ganglionic commissure and along the two main nerve cords, SP-IR neurons are located laterally to the main nerve cords but not dorsally or ventrally. The SP-IR neurons have projections extending to the surface. Bipolar SP-IR neurons with processes to the surface also occur in the tip of the scolex. A sensory function for the SP-IR neurons is suggested.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

The laboratory maintenance of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824).

A protocol for the routine laboratory maintenance of the life-cycle of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum, using herring gulls (Larus argentatus), Cyclops abyssorum and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss ( = Salmo gairdneri) as the definitive, first and second intermediate hosts respectively, is described.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

A comparison of the effects of flubendazole and thiabendazole on the larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Trichinella spiralis, Diphyllobothrium erinacei and Hymenolepis nana in mice.

Flubendazole or thiabendazole were administered orally to mice harbouring larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Trichinella spiralis, Diphyllobothrium erinacei or Hymenolepis nana 5-10, 28-33, 21-26 and 1-6 days post-infection respectively. All the mice infected with A. cantonensis were completely cured after treatment with flubendazole at 5 mg/kg/day for 6 days. No noticeable damage was found in the cerebral hemispheres of the mice treated with flubendazole and examined under a dissecting microscope. On the other hand, larvae were found in or on the cerebral hemispheres showing obvious haemorrhage in the control mice. The mice treated with flubendazole gained weight while the control mice lost weight. No larvicidal effect of thiabendazole on A. cantonensis was found at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 6 days. The mean reduction of larval T. spiralis in mice treated with flubendazole at 5, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day for 6 days was 64, 100 and 99% respectively. In comparison, thiabendazole showed no efficacy against T. spiralis larvae at 50 or 100 mg/kg/day. Mice harbouring plerocercoids of D. erinacei or H. nana larvae were not cured with either flubendazole or thiabendazole at 50 or 100 mg/kg/day for 6 days.

Angiostrongylus↗

PubMed1998

The NADPH-diaphorase staining reaction in relation to the aminergic and peptidergic nervous system and the musculature of adult Diphyllobothrium dentriticum.

A new category of signalling molecules--transmitter gases--has appeared. Nitric oxide (NO) is generated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and diffuses as a short-lived transcellular messenger through the plasma membrane. NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) is a marker enzyme for NO-producing neurons. In this study the pattern of NADPH-d stained neurons in Diphyllobothrium dendriticum is described and compared to the pattern of aminergic and peptidergic neuronal elements and to that of the musculature stained with TRITC-labelled phalloidin. NADPH-d staining was observed in neurons in the bilobed brain and along the 2 main nerve cords and in nerve fibres close to the body musculature and the musculature of the reproductive ducts, the walls of the testicular follicles and in sensory endings in the tegument. The NADPH-d staining reaction and the 5-HT or FMRFamide immunoreactivities occur in separate sets of neurons.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Chemical structures and immunolocalization of glycosphingolipids isolated from Diphyllobothrium hottai adult worms and plerocercoids.

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) were purified from adults and plerocercoids of the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium hottai, and their chemical structures were determined. Total lipid fractions prepared from chloroform/methanol extracts of whole tissues were fractionated successively on ion-exchange chromatography, silicic acid column chromatography, and preparative TLC. The purified GSLs were characterized by methylation analysis, TLC-immunostaining, liquid secondary ion MS, MALDI-TOF MS, and 1H-NMR. Ten GSLs were isolated from adult worms and four from plerocercoids, comprising mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentasaccharides. The GSL Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)Glc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-Cer was found in adult worms but not in plerocercoids, whereas Ga lbeta 1-4 (Fuc alpha 1-3)Glc beta 1-3(Gal beta 1-6)Gal beta 1-Cer was found in both adult worms and plerocercoids. We previously found a similar series of GSLs in plerocercoids of the cestode Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, and termed them 'spirometosides'[Kawakami, Y. et al. (1996) Eur J. Biochem. 239, 905-911]. The core structure of spirometosides, Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-3 Gal beta 1-Cer, may have taxonomic significance, being characteristic of pseudophyllidean tapeworms. In the present study, GSL compositions were significantly different between adults and plerocercoids, and growth-dependent changes in composition were documented. We found a novel dihexosylceramide, Glc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-Cer, which is a possible precursor for spirometosides. Immunohistochemical examination showed that spirometoside GSLs are highly enriched in the inner surface of bothria, the major point of contact between the adult worm and the host's intestine. Our findings indicate that spirometosides are involved in host-parasite interaction.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Prevalence of Diphyllobothrium latum, L., 1758 infestation in Perca fluviatilis from Lake Leman].

Diphyllobothriasis is contracted by consuming raw or undercooked freshwater fish and is still present on the shores of lake Leman. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Diphyllobothrium latum plerocercoid larvae in Perca fluviatilis from this lake. Four to 10% of perch fillets examined in November 2003, February 2004, April 2004 and January 2005, were infested with D. latum larvae. The identification of the larvae was confirmed by PCR and sequencing of the 18S rDNA.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

The first confirmed case of Diphyllobothrium latum in Brazil.

Diphyllobothriasis is an infection of the small intestine by the broad tapeworm Diphyllobothrium sp. The associated symptomatology is nonspecific, but megaloblastic anemia is a well-described complication. Although the infection is common in temperate regions, descriptions in South America have so far been limited to Chile, Peru, and a few cases in Argentina. This paper presents the first confirmed Brazilian case of diphyllobothriasis. A 29-years-old woman living in Salvador (state of Bahia) apparently acquired the infection from eating sushi. The diagnosis was based on fecal examination that revealed a large quantity of operculated eggs. A single dose of praziquantel (600 mg) was sufficient to cure the infection.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Natural transfer of helminths of marine origin to freshwater fishes with observations on the development of Diphyllobothrium alascense.

Infective stages of helminths of 5 species that occur as adults in marine mammals were found in burbot, Lota lota (L.) (Gadidae), from the lower Kuskokwim River (southwestern Alaska): Diphyllobothrium alascense Rausch et Williamson, 1958; Pyramicocephalus phocarum (Fabricius, 1780); Corynosoma strumosum (Rudolphi, 1801); Corynosoma semerme (Forsell, 1904); and Pseudoterranova decipiens (Krabbe, 1878). Some larval stages were obtained also from smelt, Osmerus mordax dentex Steindachner, an anadromous fish important as prey of burbot. Burbot, which are freshwater fish, could become paratenic hosts of those helminths by means of at least 3 interactions: by consuming marine fishes in brackish waters at river mouths, by feeding on marine fishes that enter lower reaches of rivers, or by preying on anadromous fishes as they migrate up rivers. Consumption of burbot by people may result in infection by helminths of marine origin; of those recorded, only P. decipiens may be significantly pathogenic. Attempts to rear P. phocarum in dogs were unsuccessful. Plerocercoids of D. alascense, of very small size and found only in the gastric lumen of burbot, readily infected dogs. For study of their development, strobilae were obtained at intervals of 48 hr to 32 days postinfection. In heavy infections, some strobilae developed slowly, while others underwent rapid development.

Acanthocephala↗

PubMed2001

Five cases of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense infection with discovery of plerocercoids from an infective source, Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae.

Five persons from 2 families residing at Miyama Town, Mie Prefecture, Japan, ingested fresh raw fish Oncorhynchus sp. on 9 May 1999 that was caught at Owase district in Mie. They all expelled diphyllobothriid cestodes 11-37 days after ingesting the fish. The parasites were morphologically identical to Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Yamane et al., 1986. Five plerocercoids were detected from a portion of the fish. Nucleotide sequence of a region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of mitochondrial DNA from an adult worm was identical with that from the plerocercoid. The fish was identified as Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae according to the nucleotide sequence of the nuclear ribosomal second internal transcribed spacer region II gene. This is the first record of D. nihonkaiense plerocercoids from O. m. ishikawae.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Identification of the copepod intermediate host of the introduced broad fish tapeworm, Diphyllobothrium latum, in Southern Chile.

The broad fish tapeworm, Diphyllobothrium latum, is an exotic species in both Chile and Argentina, and until now, its copepod host has remained unknown in South American waters. The objective of this study was to identify calanoid copepod species that may be intermediate hosts for D. latum in Lake Panguipulli, Chile. In this lake, the highest levels of infection by this tapeworm occur in the introduced rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Of the 2 calanoid copepods found in Lake Panguipulli, Diaptomus diabolicus and Boeckella gracilipes, only D. diabolicus became infected on experimental exposure to coracidia. Prevalence (mean intensity) of experimental infection in adult copepods was 73.2% (2.8 procercoids per host). Diaptomus diabolicus has been demonstrated to be a new intermediate host; this is the first record of a copepod host for D. latum in South America.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Diphyllobothrium: Neolithic parasite?

During paleoparasitological analyses on several Neolithic sites in Switzerland (Arbon-Bleiche 3) and southwestern Germany (Hornstaad-Hörnle I, Torwiesen II, and Seekirch-Stockwiesen), numerous eggs of Diphyllobothrium sp. were recovered. This is one of the earliest occurrences of this parasite during the prehistoric period in the Old World. The prevalence of this helminth in the samples studied raises the question as to how important parasitic diseases were during the Neolithic period and what their actual consequences were.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Single low-dose treatment with praziquantel for Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense infections.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether praziquantel is effective against diphyllobothriasis nihonkaiense at doses less than the conventional dose. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourteen Japanese men with diphyllobopthriasis nihonkaiense were treated with a single administration of praziquantel at 5-10 mg/kg. RESULTS: Twelve patients expelled a complete integrated Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense with its scolex. One patient expelled an integrated D. nihonkaiense without its scolex, and one patient expelled 2 complete integrated D. nihonkaiense with their scolex, and an integrated D. nihonkaiense without its scolex. The lack of eggs in stool samples was confirmed in these 2 patients after the end of therapy. All patients had not expelled proglottides after the end of therapy for more than 1 year. No side effects were identified in any of the patients. CONCLUSION: All patients were considered to be cured. Our results indicate that the oral administration of a single dose of praziquantel at 5-10 mg/kg is effective and safe against D. nihonkaiense infections.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1989

[Seven cases of Diphyllobothrium latum infection].

Seven cases of Diphyllobothrium latum infection were proved by collection of worms after praziquantel treatment between October, 1986 and July, 1987. The patients were all males aged 20-44 years residing in Seoul or Ulungdo, Kyungpook Province. All of them had the history of eating several kinds of raw marine fishes, and they had never been to abroad. One of them experienced abdominal pain and 6 experienced natural discharge of a chain of worm segments, but none revealed any sign of anemia. Total 12 worms (1-3/patient) were collected after praziquantel treatment. The worms were 85-423 cm in length, and revealed the characteristic rosette-shape uterus in their gravid proglottides. The average egg size varied 61.0-65.3 x 41.7-46.1 microns. The eggs were yellowish-brown, and ovoid to elliptical. Including the present 7 cases, the total number of human D. latum infections proven by worms in Korea becomes 28 cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Two rare cases of Diphyllobothrium latum parvum type infection in Korea.

Two rare cases of human infection with parvum (dwarf) type of Diphyllobothrium latum [syn. D. parvum (Stephens, 1908)], were discovered in Korea. The first case was a 46-year old housewife, from whom a kind of pseudophyllidean tapeworm eggs was detected in the feces. She was treated with praziquantel and purged, and a complete strobila with scolex, 120 cm in total length, was recovered. She recalled that she had eaten raw trouts at a raw-fish restaurant near the Chungju Lake. Another patient was a 22-year old medical student (male), who used to eat raw sea-foods. He discovered a chain of tapeworm proglottids, 15 cm in length, discharged spontaneously in his stool and brought it for identification. The worms from the two cases were compatible with D. parvum (Stephens, 1908) of which the taxonomic significance has long been questioned. After a detailed morphological study and review of literature, we designated the worms as D. latum parvum type. This is the first report on the occurrence of this rare type of D. latum infection in Korea.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Five human cases of Diphyllobothrium latum infection through eating raw flesh of redlip mullet, Liza haematocheila].

A total of 32 human diphyllobothriasis cases have been reported so far in Korea, excluding 21 egg-positive cases from stool examinations. Authors experienced five more human cases of Diphyllobothrium latum infection, especially infected due to eating raw flesh of redlip mullet, Liza haematocheila. Five cases were neighbors residing in the Puchon area, Kyonggi-do, who ate raw mullets (L. haematocheila) in a party in February 1996. The mullets were purchased at the Noryangjin fisheries market in Seoul. All of cases (2 males and 3 females) were 35 to 43 years old and healthy with the body weight range of 56-62 kg. They complained about gastrointestinal trouble and abdominal discomfort, but were in normal ranges of their hematology and urinalysis data. None revealed any sign of anemia. The patients experienced natural discharge of a chain of segments before, and showed diphyllobothriid eggs in their stool specimens when they visited our laboratory. They were administered with praziquantel (15 mg/kg of body weight) and 30 g of magnesium sulfate as a purgative. Two whole worms with the scolices (310-340 cm in length; 8-13 mm in width) were expelled each from two out of five cases after anthelmintic treatment, and the others expelled the parts of strobilae without scolex. The worms were identified as D. latum, based on the following biological characters: external morphologies, coiling of uterus, the number of uterine loops, position of genital opening, morphologies of cirrus, cirrus sac and seminal vesicle on the histological sections, position of vagina and uterine pore, and microscopical and SEM morphologies of the eggs.

Adult↗