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PubMed2001

[Access of developing countries to essential drugs: a process of equity].

In the context of the fight against poverty, the access of developing countries to essential drugs mobilizes the international community. It leads to envisage new and intricates politics. If donations or tiered prices are studied, the manufacturing of generics and even of patented drugs through voluntary or compulsory licensing is evoked. At a longer terms, it's the setting of health national politics and industrialisation which are concerned. These new orientations are not without consequence on the global drug market.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2000

A national database for essential drugs in South Africa.

In the process of drafting standard treatment guidelines for adults and children at hospital level, the Secretariat of the National Essential Drugs List Committee made use of a database designed with technical support from the School of Pharmacy, MEDUNSA. The database links the current 697 drugs on the Essential Drugs List with Standard Treatment Guidelines for over 400 conditions. It served to streamline the inclusion of different drugs and dosage forms in the various guidelines, and provided concise, updated information to other departments involved in drug procurement. From information on drug prices and morbidity, it can also be used to calculate drug consumption and cost estimates and compare them with actual figures.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The use of essential drugs. Seventh report of the WHO Expert Committee.

This report presents the recommendations of a WHO Expert Committee responsible for updating and revising the Model List of Essential Drugs. The first part provides guidance for countries wishing to establish national programmes for essential drugs, and includes discussion of quality assurance, post-registration drug studies, drug information and educational activities, research and development, and antiviral drugs. In the light of increasing antimicrobial resistance, particular attention is drawn to the use of reserve antimicrobials. The second part presents the ninth revised model list, together with details of changes that have been made, a glossary of terms and an alphabetical list of all the drugs included.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

The antibacterial paradox: essential drugs, effectiveness, and cost.

The concept proposed by WHO of an essential drugs list that should comprise drugs corresponding to the health needs of the majority of the people has been embraced by countries, which have adapted it to their needs. In this study, the essential antibacterial drug lists of 16 countries chosen from the six WHO regions are reviewed. Most of these countries include 73% of WHO-recommended essential antibacterials on their lists. However, most are lacking reserve antibacterials, and even some main list antibacterials, which are essential when empirical therapy fails in cases of bacterial resistance. Many factors that may be responsible for the lack of selection of these drugs, not least cost considerations, are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

In vitro evaluation of the quality of essential drugs on the Tanzanian market.

We evaluated the in vitro availability and its stability under simulated tropical conditions of various formulations of four essential drugs marketed in Tanzania. We obtained 22 formulations (containing paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, chloroquine or sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine) from wholesale pharmacies in Dar es Salaam and the Medical Stores Department (Tanzania). The drug content, in vitro availability (dissolution) and its stability under simulated tropical conditions were determined using methods specified in the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) 24 monograph of the respective drugs. All formulations passed the pharmacopoeia requirements for the drug content. However, seven formulations (three acetylsalicylic acid, two sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine and two paracetamol) failed to meet the USP 24 tolerance limits for dissolution. Another five formulations (three paracetamol and two chloroquine) failed to meet the dissolution tolerance limits after being subjected to an accelerated stability test under simulated tropical conditions (75% RH/40 degrees C) for 6 months. The study has demonstrated the presence on the Tanzanian market of essential drug formulations that met potency requirements and yet had unsatisfactory in vitro availability as they were not robust enough to withstand storage under simulated tropical conditions.

Drug Stability↗