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Results for “ETHICS, PHARMACEUTICAL”

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Drug use and expenditures in 1982.

This article provides national estimates of drug use and drug expenditures in 1982. Total outpatient drug exposure increased 5% from 1981 to 1982 and 28% from 1971 to 1982. Hydrochlorothiazide was the most frequently dispensed drug chemical and was contained in more than 5% of all 1982 prescriptions. Sixteen major therapeutic classes accounted for about 80% of drugstore and hospital expenditures for ethical pharmaceuticals. Hospitals spent around +3.0 billion and a third of this total was for anti-infectives administered for systemic effects. The prescription drug component of the consumer price index increased 11.7% in 1982, and consumers spent about +14.5 billion on prescriptions from retail pharmacies alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Pharmaceutical gift giving: analysis of an ethical dilemma.

When pharmaceutical companies market their products to, and through, healthcare professionals in hospitals and private practice, healthcare professionals face ethical dilemmas in their practice and their organizations. Pharmaceutical companies target nurse practitioners with prescribing privileges. The author describes the ethical dilemma faced by healthcare professionals when friendly salespeople offer tempting gifts. The article outlines cultural responses to gift giving and ethical issues surrounding healthcare professionals' responses to pharmaceutical marketing strategies. Nurse administrators need to acknowledge a growing threat to nursing integrity. Nurse administrators have the power to make and enforce ethical policies that prevent proprietary influences from clouding nursing judgment and contributing to the escalating costs of prescription medications.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed2006

[Global health--the ethical responsibility of the pharmaceutical industry].

Health is a global concern and all stakeholders in society--including the pharmaceutical industry--have an ethical responsibility to contribute to promote health. At Novo Nordisk, we have decided to focus on defeating diabetes since this is the area where the company can make the biggest difference. Financial viability goes hand in hand with environmental and social responsibility, not only in the external stakeholder dialogue, but also in the quest for attraction and retention of the best possible staff. Examples of the ethical obligations of a pharmaceutical company are presented, as are classical dilemmas faced by the industry.

Developing Countries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Patents in pharmaceutical industry: between ethics and property rights].

The article presents a reflection on one of the greater challenges which the contemporary State is confronted with, related to guaranteeing the effective application of the fundamental rights, besides having to solve the conflicts that arise due to the rivalry between either fundamental rights or between some of these and others known as second or third generation rights. The conflict between the protection to the intellectual property rights, as in the case of the patents of the pharmaceutical multinationals, and the fundamental right to life is considered. It is observed that the interests of these companies have prevailed, as if the fundamental value to protect was the profit of these multinationals, or their efficiency, and not the right to health of the individuals which bears a direct relation with the right to the life. This situation is aggravated still more when the State, instead of being on the side of the weaker and offering him protection, safeguards the stronger who abuse of their dominant position, exerting the monopoly on the production of many essential medicines.

Commerce↗
PubMed1987

Ethics and the pharmaceutical industry: some ideas for general practitioners.

This paper summarizes a report by a working party of the Royal College of Physicians on the relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry. As a member of that working party, and a general practitioner, I have taken the report's points and widened the discussion to involve general practitioners in their relationship with the pharmaceutical industry. At present there are no guidelines specifically for general practitioners. Some of the problems general practitioners have found in their relationship with the pharmaceutical industry are described and some guidelines for general practitioners are suggested, which form a framework for discussion. The College would welcome feedback about the guidelines to help in the drawing up of a code of practice for general practitioners.

Drug Industry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

ISPOR Code of Ethics for Researchers background article--report of the ISPOR Task Force on Code of Ethics for Researchers.

In 2001, ISPOR convened a Task Force on Code of Ethics for Researchers (The Task Force). This Task Force was to build on the previous work of ISPOR Health Science Policy Task Forces and develop a code of ethics that would be applicable to all ISPOR members and to ISPOR itself. The Task Force developed a code of ethics that was subsequently adopted by the ISPOR Board of Directors. The Code of Ethics is appended to this article and can be found on ISPOR's Web page at http://www.ispor.org/workpaper/code_ethic.htm. This article provides supportive information and justification for the ISPOR Code of Ethics for Researchers and includes a discussion of the stakeholders as well as ethical considerations for the researcher on research practices, research sponsorship, research publication and dissemination, and relationships with others. It also includes a discussion of the ethical considerations for the Society.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed2003

[The revised Japanese pharmaceutical law and research ethics: risk-benefit assessment of fetal stem cell research].

The Japanese Pharmaceutical Law was revised at the end of July 2002. The important features of this revision are the postmarketing safety scheme, especially for biological products, and reconstruction of the legislation for effective pharmaceutical development. This is based on the national policy to foster life sciences such as genetic research and regenerative medicine for both healthcare improvement and industrial promotion. Such research requires study participants who donate human tissue including abandoned embryos or aborted fetuses, which may touch the human dignity. In particular, fetal stem cell research appears to have unpredictable risks not only to women who undergo abortions but also to societal epistemology. The authors conducted risk-benefit assessment of fetal stem cell research, reviewing the scientific, ethical, legal, and social aspects, including a case study of critical appraisal on a report of the double-blind, sham surgery-controlled trial of implantation of fetal tissues in patients with Parkinson's disease conducted in the USA. It is concluded that risk-benefit assessment with a wide, profound perspective is necessary for advanced biotechnology. Some types of research should not be assessed based only on such utilitarian viewpoints as risk and benefit. Conscientious reflection is necessary to reach a public consensus on which types of human material can be utilized as research or pharmaceutical resources.

Abortion, Induced↗