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Results for “Economic Conditions--changes”

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49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

An interpretation of the effects of age on migration: Nordic migrants' choice of settlement in Sweden.

A model of the relationship between age and migration is developed and applied to data concerning migrants from other Scandinavian countries who settled in Sweden between 1968 and 1985. The author shows "how changes in Sweden's domestic economic conditions and distance determine the probability for settlement in any of its 24 provinces for migrants of different ages. The results show that in the integrated Nordic labor market, wages at destination do not explain differences in migrants' settlement behavior across ages. Instead they suggest that the major factors to explain the differences are the labor market situation for the different age groups and distance."

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Structural change in the Arabian Gulf: impact of the foreign workforce.

"This paper aims to throw light on issues related to the actual economic impact of the non-national labour force by exploring areas in which such labour force contributes to diversification of the labour-receiving country and how non-national workers differ from their national counterparts in effecting structural changes in the Arab Gulf region....[The author analyzes] sectoral patterns of production in member States of the Arab Monetary Fund for 1975 and 1985...."

Demography↗
PubMed1995

Economic transition and demographic change in Russia, 1989-1995.

The author "reviews recent population changes in Russia, relating trends in fertility, mortality, natural increase, and migration to the social and economic effects of the transition to a market economy. Significant trends (a precipitous drop in fertility, an extraordinary increase in mortality--especially among middle-aged males--and a consequent decline in natural increase) are identified and analyzed, with dislocations caused by the uncertainties of economic and political transition suggested as the principal causes. The effect of net in-migration to Russia (probably mainly ethnic Russians from the Near Abroad countries) in partially offsetting the natural population decrease is examined as well."

Demography↗
PubMed1994

[Evolution of child undernutrition in Chile and some of its conditioning factors: a time series analysis].

The objective of this study was to determine the evolution of the nutritional status of the population under five years of age during the period 1975-1990. Several conditioning factors were also assessed. The information was evaluated through time series analysis by using the AREG procedure. This procedure allows for the estimation of a regression model correcting by the autocorrelation of errors. Results indicates a significant trend to decreased undernutrition rates (p < 0.0001). A seasonal effect on undernutrition was observed, being higher the prevalences in summer. Analysis of selected conditioning factors, as well as the familiar buying capacity remained stable during the period. An exception to the lack of association among undernutrition and the conditioning factors evaluated, was seen during the period 1975-1982 when clear inverse relationship was evidenced. In conclusion, the decrease of infant undernutrition in Chile during the period 1975-1990 was not related to the changes observed in certain socioeconomic indices.

Child Nutrition Disorders↗
PubMed2001

[Naturo-economic aspects of ecologic agriculture strategy].

The most important problems related in agricultural production both in quality and value terms are their natural and market conditions, changes in food processing industry and in foreign trade. Opportunities for food production development and outlook for changing demand for food have been considered.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1991

[Migration behavior, its specific features and regulators].

"The author studies the factors motivating the intention for migration and the transition from a decision [to] real migration behaviour. It is underscored that this transition is determined by the nature of relationships between the three major factors--the environment, social norms and needs.... The article outlines the gravest migration problems in the Soviet Union and the main trends and ways by which the society can influence migration processes. These include stabilisation of the population in the countryside and in individual regions by improving social, living and transport conditions, changing social norms and restructuring the needs and value orientation of the inhabitants." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Behavior↗
PubMed2002

Patient's perceptions of biofeedback therapy for obstructive defaecation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the long-term outcomes of a biofeedback treatment programme for obstructive defaecation up to five years after completion of treatment, reporting from the patients' perspective the subsequent progression of defaecation difficulties and the perceived usefulness of the biofeedback training and its components. METHODS: A biofeedback program for obstructive defaecation at a major hospital in Sydney provided 37 patients with reading material, taught defaecation techniques, and prescribed simulated defaecation and anal relaxation exercises to practice between their monthly biofeedback sessions. Twenty-nine of these patients were contacted by telephone an average of 23 months after last attending and asked to rate the present severity of their condition, changes since last attending biofeedback, and which aspects of the program they found most helpful. RESULTS: Of patients who completed the program, 70% achieved at least a 15% improvement in perceived symptom severity. Those who completed the program and achieved benefit were more likely to name the exercises as the most helpful program component. At the time of follow-up, however, there was no difference in perceived symptom severity between program completers and noncompleters. Program completers, and those followed up more than two years after last attending biofeedback, were more likely to report a worsening in symptom severity subsequent to their final treatment session. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the favourable short-term outcomes achieved by some patients completing biofeedback treatment for obstructive defaecation. The findings suggest that biofeedback equipment may be economically used in an educative and corrective role, and that other factors such as education, exercises and counselling alone play an important role. Finally, the benefits of biofeedback may not be maintained through long-term follow-up, raising questions as to the natural history of the disorder and the long-term effectiveness of biofeedback treatment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Effect of push frequency on the economy of wheelchair racers.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to examine the effect of varying push frequency on pushing economy (oxygen uptake at a given speed). METHODS: Eight male wheelchair racers completed a series of exercise bouts on a wheelchair ergometer (Bromking Turbo Trainer, Bromakin, UK) at 6.58 m x s(-1). Initially, subjects self-selected their freely chosen push frequency (FCF); this was followed by 4 random trials pushing at 60, 80, 120, and 140% of this FCF. Steady state VO2 was determined using Douglas bags, and heart rate was recorded by telemetry. After each condition, a small capillary blood sample was obtained and analyzed for blood lactate concentration (BLa) and a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded. RESULTS: At 6.58 m x s(-1) oxygen uptake, RPE, and gross mechanical efficiency were nonlinearly related to push frequency. Analysis of variance showed a significant effect (P < 0.05) of cycle frequency on VO2. VO2 was 11% higher at the 140% FCF compared with the 100% FCF condition. Changes in push frequency had little effect on HR although BLa increased linearly and was higher at the 140% FCF condition compared with 60% FCF (P < 0.05). A two-dimensional sagittal plane video analysis showed large interindividual differences in propulsion style. Both cycle time and the propulsion phase (%) decreased as the push frequency increased. The start angle and end angle of hand contact were similar for conditions, whereas the range of trunk motion decreased with push frequency (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the push frequency had an effect on pushing economy, and that the athletes' FCF was the most economical.

Adolescent↗