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PubMed2005

Relationship between economic development and risk of injuries in older adults and the elderly. A global analysis of unintentional injury mortality in an epidemiologic transition perspective.

BACKGROUND: Injury is recognized as an important public health problem not only in high-income countries, but also in low- and middle-income countries. Other studies have shown inverse association between economic development and unintentional injury mortality (UIM) among children and young adults. In this study we aimed to examine the association between economic development and UIM rates among 45+ years-old populations within the theoretical framework of epidemiologic transition. METHODS: The World Health Statistics Annual 1996 was used as the main source of data. The relationship between UIM rates and gross national product (GNP) per capita was studied by using two methods: (i) with regression analysis, and (ii) by categorizing the data in four income-based country groups and the comparison of differences in their mean values. The ages were divided into four sub-groups: 45-54 years, 55-64 years, 65-74 years and 75+ years. RESULTS: UIM rates were inversely correlated with GNP per capita in 45-54, 55-64 and 65-74 year-olds for both sexes. On the other hand, among the 75+ years populations for both sexes, the association between GNP per capita and UIM rates was positive (male, r = 0.234, and female, r = 0.337). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that UIM rates shows deviating patterns across age groups. UIM exhibits declining rates among younger age groups by economic development which is consistent with what could be expected from the epidemiologic transition model, while injuries in older groups appear to increase by economic development. These findings imply that unintentional injury, as a whole, is not a homogeneous phenomenon from an epidemiological transition perspective.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Fertility and economic development: theoretical considerations and cross-country evidence.

The paper presents a theoretical background for the analysis of the relationship between fertility and a number of socioeconomic factors associated with the process of economic development and analyses empirically this relationship within a cross-country framework. Fertility is found to be negatively related with female education, urbanization, and family planning and positively related with the levels of infant mortality and economic development, whereas no significant relationship between fertility and female labor force participation is established. Sensitivity analysis is performed and the policy implications of the empirical findings are briefly discussed.

Demography↗
PubMed1994

The turning point in international migration and economic development in Korea.

"This article aims to analyze the factors which led to the transition in international migration in [the Republic of] Korea. Three issues are explored. First, it is argued that Korea has passed the turning point since Korea needs to accept foreign labor for unskilled jobs for some sectors of the economy. Second, we analyze factors which led Korea to reach this turning point in international migration in the context of demographic change and industrial upgrading. Third, Korea's overseas employment as well as its policy of guestworkers are also discussed in the context of the country's structural adjustment. Then, policy options concerning foreign labor import are suggested."

Asia↗