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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Complications of obesity.

The major diseases associated with obesity are hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, as well as certain types of cancer. Less well-known complications include hepatic steatosis, gallbladder disease, pulmonary function impairment, endocrine abnormalities, obstetric complications, trauma to the weight-bearing joints, gout, cutaneous disease, proteinuria, increased hemoglobin concentration, and possibly immunologic impairment. A U- or J-shaped curve illustrates the relation between body mass index and the degree of these various complications. This relationship can be used to provide guidelines for assessing treatment of obesity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Side-effects of calcium inhibitors].

Most side-effects of calcium channel blockers are related to their pharmacological properties. This is best illustrated by the most common cardiovascular side-effects, which reflect the differences between the drugs of such a heterogeneous group. Side-effects related to excessive vasodilating activity (headache, dizziness, flushing, peripheral edema, and palpitations) are most likely with drugs such as nifedipine and other dihydropyridines, which are most active on vascular smooth muscle. Those related to depressed cardiac contraction and conduction are more likely with verapamil, whereas diltiazem is intermediate between the other two drugs. In the event of the occurrence of these adverse reactions, factors such as pharmacokinetics, galenic form, and the administration mode play a role. The pathological status of the patient also comes into play. Other less common reactions such as neuropsychic, gastrointestinal and endocrine effects and gingival hyperplasia appear as a consequence of the numerous sites of action of these molecules. Hepatic, haematological and cutaneous reactions appear to be relevant to immunological mechanisms. Therefore, most of the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers originate in the common mechanism of action of these drugs.

Calcium Channel Blockers↗
PubMed2001

[Microbiology of the buccal mucosa in elderly patients with general somatic diseases].

Sixty-two patients with cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and endocrine diseases aged over 60 years and 27 healthy young people aged 16-18 years (controls) were examined in order to evaluate the qualitative composition and dissemination of oral microflora in elderly people with general somatic diseases. Microbiological study revealed changes in the qualitative composition and dissemination of the oral mucosa microflora, which depended on patient's age, disease, and treatment administered for somatic disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Intraoperative ultrasound.

Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) can provide various diagnostic information that is otherwise not available, and can guide or assist various surgical procedures in real time. With refinement of equipment, IOUS is currently used in a wide variety of surgical operations,such as hepatobiliary, pancreatic, endocrine, cardiovascular,and neurologic surgery. Our overview of IOUS, including instrumentation,techniques, indications, advantages, disadvantages,and future perspective, is described in this article. Being safe, quick, accurate, and versatile intraoperatively, IOUS is a valuable technique that surgeons are recommended to master to improve intraoperative decision making and surgical procedures.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Complications of corticosteroid therapy.

The complications of corticosteroid therapy in children are protean. Perhaps the most important of these are adrenal insufficiency after withdrawal of steroids, immunosuppression, and growth failure. The physician who is caring for a child receiving corticosteroids must be aware of these common complications as well as the many less frequent side effects, such as cataracts, pseudotumor cerebri, pancreatitis, and steroid myopathy, to name a few. In all children, the risk of using corticosteroids should be weighed carefully before therapy with these agents is begun.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1986

Clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging in pediatrics.

A review of over 100 articles and our own experience of scanning nearly 500 children with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging indicate that MR is well tolerated by children. Magnetic resonance is already proving to be the imaging modality of choice for the central nervous system. It should soon prove its utility for the study of most tumors, vascular problems, and infections of the musculoskeletal system. In other regions of the body, MR can identify abnormality well, but many of these abnormalities can be identified well with other modalities, and the precise role of MR is yet to be defined. We anticipate that the number of indications for the use of MR will grow rapidly.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1999

Assessing viral gene therapy in neuroendocrine models.

A simple method of manipulating neuronal gene expression would greatly facilitate the design of experiments to increase our understanding of and ability to treat diseases of the CNS. However, until recently most transfection methods could only deliver DNA into dividing cells and it was only possible to manipulate neuronal gene expression through the production of transgenic animals. The development of powerful new viral-based gene transfer systems has generated a great deal of research interest in the field of therapeutic gene transfer during the last decade. One of the most powerful and versatile gene delivery systems currently available is the recombinant adenovirus (Ad) vector. These vectors can transfect postmitotic neurons in the CNS, but have not yet been fully evaluated as CNS gene therapy vectors. Brattleboro rats contain a point mutation in the arginine vasopressin (AVP) gene that results in a pathological phenotype characterized by a lack of circulating AVP. This decrease in AVP in turn causes the characteristics signs of diabetes insipidus, with the production of large volumes of dilute urine and a compensatory drinking of large volumes of water (equivalent to the body weight of the rat per day). We have shown that injection of an Ad encoding the arginine vasopressin cDNA into the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus results in the long-term reversal of this pathological phenotype. This was demonstrated by reduced daily water intake and micturition, as well as increased urine osmolality lasting 4 months. The highly characterized Brattleboro rat model of hypothalamic diabetes insipidus, therefore, provides the means to examine noninvasively the efficacy of viral and nonviral gene therapy strategies in the CNS.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The diagnosis and treatment of amenorrheas.

Correct diagnosis and treatment of amenorrhea is a challenging problem to the clinician. A systematic approach to the differential diagnosis and treatment, based on functional activity along the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, is presented. By obtaining a detailed history, performing a meticulous physical examination, and utilizing several simple clinical and laboratory tests, a correct diagnosis can be reached for the majority of patients. Treatment is relatively simple and geared to the patient's desires. In most instances, understanding of the basic problem helps the patient to cope with it and no treatment is needed. If lack of menses is a problem, cyclic bleeding at regular intervals can be induced. When fertility is a problem, ovulation can be induced, provided that there is no ovarian failure. By spending sufficient time with the patient, paying attention to detail, and giving some thought, a correct diagnosis can be reached and adequate treatment given to most amenorrheic patients.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1984

HLA and disease.

This review describes the greater portion of a large number of new studies on HLA and disease association which has appeared in the literature since 1979. The majority of these are concerned with the association of certain diseases with class II major histocompatibility complex antigens. The possible biologic significance of these associations in terms of their probable etiology appears to be the prevailing theme. Current thinking regarding certain heritable diseases is described. It seems that although much has been done to resolve the genetics of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, other diseases such a multiple sclerosis still remain a mystery. Doubtlessly, much will be gained from DNA cloning and sequencing studies proposed for the future. A great deal of new information has been obtained relative to HLA itself. New loci have been postulated in the HLA-D/DR region through the use of powerful immunochemical procedures made possibly by the advent of modern technological advances. The impact of these developments on our understanding of the function of the MHC in man and its possible relationship to disease are discussed.

Animals↗