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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The magnetic field of epileptic spikes agrees with intracranial localizations in complex partial epilepsy.

The magnetoencephalogram (MEG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were measured during interictal epileptic spikes in nine patients with complex partial seizures. The MEG localization estimates were compared with localizations by intraoperative cortical electrodes, subdural electrodes, stereotaxic depth electrodes, anatomic imaging, postoperative pathologic analysis, and postoperative follow-up. In all patients, MEG localization estimates were in the same lobe as the epileptic focus determined by invasive methods and EEG. In two patients, it was possible to quantify precisely the accuracy of MEG localization by mapping a spike focus that was visually indistinguishable on MEG and cortical recordings. In both patients, MEG localization was approximately 12 mm from the center of the cortical spike focus on intracranial recordings. In eight patients, MEG showed tangential dipolar field patterns on the spontaneous record, but EEG did not. In one patient, a cortical epileptic discharge was detected only on MEG for some discharges and only on EEG for other discharges. The MEG did not detect deep spikes with present levels of environmental noise.

Brain↗
PubMed1995

[Higher cortical dysfunctions and image diagnosis in a 9-year-old girl with complex partial epilepsy caused by focal neural migration disorder].

A 9-year-old right-handed girl was admitted because of complex partial seizures, left-right disorientation and finger agnosia. At the age of 2 years, she began to have seizures, which were exacerbated by carbamazepine and diazepam. Subsequently she was treated with phenytoin and phenobarbital, and remained seizure-free for four years. After age 7, she began to have attacks of alteration of consciousness, which lasted 10 seconds and occurred every two or three months. At age 9, neuropsychological testing revealed borderline intellectual functioning (WISC-R:FSIQ 83, VIQ 94, PIQ 73), but selective deficits were found in tests of calculation and spatial-figural relationships. Axial spin echo (3,000/22) image showed an abnormal high signal intensity in the left temporo-parieto-occipital lobe, in which interictal IMP-SPECT demonstrated decreased cerebral blood flow. These results seemed to explain the relationship between clinical findings and focal migration disorder. It is important to detect a focal migration disorder in patients with intractable focal epilepsy or higher cortical dysfunctions.

Agnosia↗
PubMed1992

Auditory/verbal and visual/spatial memory in children with complex partial epilepsy of temporal lobe origin.

Two groups of epileptic children and a normal control group were administered a Comprehensive Children's Memory Scale (Experimental Edition) which is presently being developed by this author. The first experimental group consisted of 12 children having complex partial seizures of left temporal origin and the second group consisted of 12 children having partial complex seizures of right temporal lobe origin based upon clinical description and EEG/neuroimaging verification. Results indicated: (a) Children with left temporal lobe epilepsy demonstrated significantly lower performance than controls on auditory/verbal memory testing. (b) Children with right temporal lobe epilepsy demonstrated significantly lower performance than controls on visual/spatial memory testing. (c) For the most part, the right and left temporal lobe groups did not significantly differ from each other. However, their performance was in the expected direction; i.e., children with left temporal lobe epilepsy scored lower than right temporal lobe epileptics on auditory/verbal memory testing, and children with right temporal lobe epilepsy scored lower than left temporal lobe epileptics on visual/spatial memory testing.

Attention↗
PubMed1981

Status epilepticus with cognitive symptomatology in a patient with partial complex epilepsy.

A 16-year-old patient who had a history of complex partial seizures, had frequent episodes of status epilepticus with diffuse slow-wave discharges. The clinical manifestations were apparently insignificant due to the fact that vigilance, orientation and behaviour were unimpaired. Neuropsychological investigations showed that the cognitive processes were selectively impaired during such episodes. The electroclinical pattern was interrupted by break-off of contact concomitant with high-frequency spike discharges. Cognitive impairment is believed to represent the specific feature peculiar to this type of status epilepticus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Treatment of intractable temporal lobe-limbic epilepsy (complex partial seizures) by temporal lobectomy.

The results of lobectomy in carefully selected patients with intractable epilepsy now are realized as worth the risk, for complete seizure relief can be achieved in up to 50% of such cases, and moderate to good seizure control in at least an additional 25%, with reduction in the drug requirement. Along with seizure relief often comes improvement in behavior and in social and personality development and life adjustments. Temporal lobectomy for treatment of temporal lobe-limbic epilepsy therefore also has preventive value, especially if performed as early as the criteria indicate in appropriately selected patients. The resected tissue allows careful morphological studies that can enhance our knowledge of the pathogenesis of this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with complex partial epilepsy.

To investigate the role of somatostatin in human epilepsy, we measured somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) by radioimmunoassay of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 60 patients with complex partial seizures (CPS), 5 patients with other neurological diseases (OND), and 23 controls. The SLI levels were measured in groups of epileptic patients that differed in their history of disease, electroencephalogram (EEG), computerized tomography (CT) finding, psychological test scores, or anticonvulsant medication. SLI was lower in the epilepsy group (p less than 0.05) than in the controls. Patients with carbamazepine-clonazepam therapy had lower SLI than did other epileptics (p less than 0.02) or controls (p less than 0.005). Patients with central atrophy (p less than 0.01) in CT and infection (p less than 0.01) as an etiologic cause of epilepsy also seemed to have lower levels of SLI in the CSF than did other epileptics. No correlation was found between psychological memory scores and SLI levels in the CSF of patients with CPS. The present study shows that somatostatin levels are lowered in the CSF of epileptic patients, possibly owing to the lowered somatostatin content or the decreased number of somatostatinergic nerve cells in the epileptic human brain. However, studies in unmedicated patients with different types of seizures are needed to further clarify the possible role of somatostatin in human epilepsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Transient sensory, cognitive and affective phenomena in affective illness. A comparison with complex partial epilepsy.

Behavioural changes have often been noted in patients with epilepsy. This study investigated the converse phenomenon--the occurrence of transient sensory, cognitive and affective changes resembling those described by epileptics, in affectively ill patients. Forty-four patients with affective illness, 37 with complex partial seizures, and 30 hypertensive controls were interviewed to determine the lifetime occurrence of these phenomena. Such symptoms occurred frequently in association with episodes of affective illness and epilepsy, but were rare in controls. Visual, auditory, olfactory and epigastric symptoms, illusions, jumbled thoughts and amnesia were common to both epilepsy and affective illness. Greater numbers of symptoms were associated with better response to lithium and tricyclic antidepressants. Transient sensory, cognitive, and affective phenomena may be more common in affective illness and other psychiatric conditions than is generally recognised, and may be clues to the underlying pathophysiology of these conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Study of cerebral metabolism and blood flow in partial complex epilepsy and status epilepticus in man using positron emission tomography].

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with the oxygen-15 steady state inhalation technique was used to provide quantitative values of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen consumption (CMRO2) and oxygen extraction ratio (OER) in 25 patients with partial complex seizures during the interictal state, in 1 patient with recurrent temporal seizures and in 3 patients whose EEGs were characterized by periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). Interictal scans showed temporal zone(s) of hypoperfusion and hypometabolism in 80% of patients with normal X-ray CT Scan. In all cases, ictal scans revealed a focal or multifocal increase in CBF and CMRO2. The localization of the most affected regions correlated well with the spatial distribution of the EEG abnormalities. Comparison of the different values of CBF, CMRO2 and OER showed that the increase in perfusion always exceeded that of oxygen consumption and hence was accompanied by a significant decrease in OER, the latter was always the most prominent in the region of the focus determined by serial EEG recordings. The observed imbalance between blood flow and oxidative glucose metabolism could suggest an impairment of O2 utilization by the mitochondria in the epilepticus focus during seizures or status epilepticus.

Brain↗
PubMed1990

Detection of epileptiform activity by different noninvasive EEG methods in complex partial epilepsy.

The diagnostic utility of different noninvasive electrode placements for deriving the electroencephalogram and detecting interictal epileptiform discharges was compared. Anterior temporal and nasopharyngeal electrodes in combination with routine scalp electrodes detected over 97% of the spikes, whereas recording from only standard electrode placements detected 58%. Minisphenoidal and surface sphenoidal electrodes were generally not helpful. In some circumstances, however, the use of surface sphenoidal electrodes provided important confirmatory information. In no case did the minisphenoidal electrodes provide unique information, and their use seems unjustified, although the inclusion of other nonstandard electrodes in the recording montage is important to increase the yield.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Electroclinical study of partial complex epilepsy. Paroxysmal need to drink].

A particular history of a man aged 51 with a right fronto-temporal tumor is analyzed. The main complaint is a paroxysmal need to drink water. Surface electrode electroencephalography and video-telemetry recordings sometimes demonstrated evidence of temporal epileptic abnormalities and therefore seem to have localizing significance. Waterdrinking may thus be added to the widening range of behavioral manifestations associated with epileptic discharges arising in man's temporal lobes.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Mechanism of epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a collection of diverse disorders that together affect approximately 1% of the general population. Current therapies are largely symptomatic and are aimed at controlling seizures in affected individuals. This review focuses on emerging insights into mechanisms underlying the most common form of epilepsy--complex partial epilepsy--and also addresses progress in molecular genetic approaches. Such developments will hopefully lead to more effective therapies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epilepsy in congenital lipodystrophy. Case report.

A case of congenital lipodystrophy complicated by complex-partial epilepsy is reported in a nine-year-old girl. The peculiarity of this rare case is represented by partial complex epilepsy with diffuse electroencephalographic alterations represented by a continuous seizure-like pattern that persisted unmodified despite the successful antiepileptic treatment. Although the etiopathology of lipodystrophy is, at present, still elusive, we hypothesize that the primitive dysfunction of lipidic metabolism plays a critical role in both determining central nervous system (CNS) alterations and the findings that characterized this extremely rare disease.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

The neuropathology of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Complex partial epilepsy arising in the temporal lobe has been associated with several types of pathologic lesions including Ammon's horn sclerosis, malformations, neoplasms, and inflammatory scars from infarcts or infection. These lesions are usually situated at various sites in the medial temporal lobe, so that one of the enigmas of attempting to understand the pathogenesis of TLE pertains to the clinical manifestation of a single epileptic disorder which is associated with dissimilar lesions at dissimilar sites. Recent demonstrations of an alteration in temporal lobe anatomy, i.e. malformations of the normal circuitry of the temporal lobe and foci of microdysgenesis, have given rise to the hypothesis that insults which occur during a critical period of brain development could alter the connections within the hippocampus and predispose it to increased excitability and seizurogenesis. Such a hypothesis forces us to reconsider TLE in reference to risk factors which may act as "teratogens" and produce these malformations. These malformations may range from a subtle alteration in the neurotransmitters of the dentate gyrus to large areas of cortical dysplasia or the hamartomatous neoplasms seen in TLE. A reevaluation of the neuroanatomical disruptions created by the various lesions may allow us to define a minimal optimal surgical resection for each lesion; or, the definitions of neurotransmitter deficits may lead to alternative pharmacologic therapies. As neuropathologists we have the exciting opportunity to participate in the definition of the neuropathology of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Animals↗