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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Renal effects of a high unsaturated fat diet in renal artery stenosis in rats.

The renal effects of an unsaturated fat (UNSAT) diet in mild to moderate two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension were evaluated. An UNSAT diet (37% by energy) prevented the development of hypertension compared to 2K1C rats fed a high saturated fat (SAT) (37% by energy) and a normal fat (CONTROL) (11% by energy) diet. Urinary sodium and fractional sodium excretion increased in 2K1C rats as compared to SHAM operated controls, regardless of the diet received. In the early weeks of the experiment (weeks 2-4 post-surgery to induce hypertension), an enhanced natriuresis occurred in the 2K1C UNSAT as compared to the 2K1C CONTROL and SAT diet groups. This resulted from an increase in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR in mls.min-1) as measured using the single-injection [51Cr] EDTA method (2K1C UNSAT; 1.99 +/- 0.18 versus 2K1C SAT; 1.27 +/- 0.09, p < 0.02; and versus SHAM CONTROL; 1.45 x 0.01; p < 0.02). The increased GFR was not associated with alterations in effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) as measured using the single-injection [125I] Na hippurate method. No differences in sodium excretion; GFR; ERPF or renal blood flow (microsphere technique) were noted between the 2K1C UNSAT and SAT diet groups at weeks 6-8 post-surgery, despite a continued antihypertensive effect of the UNSAT diet. Hence, the antihypertensive effect of an unsaturated fat diet in 2K1C renovascular hypertension in rats is associated with transient glomerular changes leading to an enhanced natriuresis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Osteoporosis is associated with increased marrow fat content and decreased marrow fat unsaturation: a proton MR spectroscopy study.

PURPOSE: To use proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) to evaluate vertebral marrow fat, and to determine whether bone density correlates with fat content and fat unsaturation levels in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three women (mean age = 70 years) underwent dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and (1)H-MRS, and 12 young female controls (mean age = 28 years) underwent (1)H-MRS of the lumber spine. Water and lipid peak amplitudes were measured to calculate fat content and fat unsaturation index. Spearman's correlation tests and a t-test comparison of means were applied. RESULTS: (1)H-MRS was successful in 15 normal, 15 osteopenic, and 20 osteoporotic subjects, and in all controls. Marrow fat content was significantly elevated in osteoporotic (65.5% +/- 10%) and osteopenic (63.5% +/- 9.3%) subjects compared to normal subjects (56.3% +/- 11.2%) and young controls (29% +/- 9.6%). The fat unsaturation index was significantly decreased in osteoporotic (0.091 +/- 0.013) and osteopenic (0.097 +/- 0.014) subjects compared to normal subjects (0.114 +/- 0.016) and young controls (0.127 +/- 0.031). A good inverse correlation was observed between the fat content and the unsaturation index (r(s) = -0.53, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Osteoporosis is associated with increased marrow fat. As marrow fat increases, saturated lipids appear to increase preferentially to unsaturated lipids.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1999

Cholesterol-lowering nature of unsaturated fat in rats may be due to its inability to increase hepatic iron.

The present investigation was conducted to determine whether the cholesterol-raising properties of saturated fat and cholesterol-lowering properties of unsaturated fat are associated with levels of hepatic iron. The magnitude of hepatic iron retention was manipulated by feeding rats diets that were either copper-deficient or -adequate, iron-adequate or -supplemented, and contained either beef tallow or corn oil. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight dietary groups according to the type of dietary fat (beef tallow or corn oil) and level of dietary copper (0.74 or 6.9 microg Cu/g diet) or iron (44.4 or 86.7 microg Fe/g diet). Beef tallow and copper deficiency alone increased hepatic iron levels, which in turn were associated with increased plasma cholesterol. When the three dietary factors were combined, ie, iron, beef tallow, and copper deficiency, they induced the highest magnitude of hepatic iron retention, which in turn was associated with the highest concentration of plasma cholesterol. In contrast, when hepatic iron retention was not increased, such as by feeding a diet containing corn oil or by consumption of a copper-adequate diet, plasma cholesterol was not elevated. Based on these data, it is suggested that nutrients that have the ability to increase hepatic iron have the potential to increase plasma cholesterol.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The effect of long-term intake of cis unsaturated fats on the risk for gallstone disease in men: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats act as inhibitors of cholesterol cholelithiasis in animal experiments. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between long-term intake of cis unsaturated fats and the incidence of gallstone disease in humans. DESIGN: Prospective population-based cohort study. SETTING: The Health Professional Follow-up Study. PARTICIPANTS: 45,756 men, age 40 to 75 years in 1986, who were free of gallstone disease. MEASUREMENTS: Consumption of cis unsaturated fats was assessed starting in 1986 as part of the 131-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaires. Questionnaires were mailed to participants every 2 years. The main outcome measure was self-reported newly diagnosed symptomatic gallstone disease. RESULTS: During 14 years of follow-up, 2323 new cases of gallstone disease were documented. After adjustment for age and other potential risk factors, the relative risk for gallstone disease among men in the highest quintile of dietary intake of cis unsaturated fats compared with men in the lowest quintile was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.69 to 0.96; P for trend = 0.006). The relative risk among men in the highest quintile of polyunsaturated fat consumption compared with men in the lowest quintile was 0.84 (CI, 0.73 to 0.96; P for trend = 0.01), and the relative risk among men in the highest quintile of monounsaturated fat consumption compared with men in the lowest quintile was 0.83 (CI, 0.70 to 1.00; P for trend = 0.01). LIMITATIONS: Outcomes were restricted to men with cholecystectomy or diagnostically confirmed but unremoved symptomatic gallstones. CONCLUSIONS: A high intake of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats in the context of an energy-balanced diet is associated with a reduced risk for gallstone disease in men. For definitions of terms used in the text, see Glossary.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Prevention of cholesterol cholelithiasis by dietary unsaturated fats in hormone-treated female hamsters.

We examined the effect of diet on gallstone incidence and the composition of biliary phosphatidylcholines in methyltestosterone-treated female hamsters. These hamsters were fed a nutritionally adequate purified lithogenic diet containing 2% corn oil, 4% butterfat, 0.3% cholesterol, and 0.05% methyltestosterone, resulting in a cholesterol gallstone incidence of 86%. This incidence was lowered when mono- and polyunsaturated fats or fatty acids were added to the diet: 2.5% oleic acid resulted in total prevention of cholesterol cholelithiasis, 2.5% linoleic acid, and 4% safflower oil (78% linoleic acid content) reduced gallstone incidence to 26 and 8%, respectively. An additional 4% butterfat (29% oleic acid content) produced gallstones in 50% of the animals. At the end of the 6-wk feeding period, the bile of all hamsters was supersaturated with cholesterol. The major biliary phosphatidylcholine species in all groups were (sn-1-sn-2): 16:0-18:2, 16:0-18:1, 18:0-18:2, 16:0-20:4, and 18:2-18:2. The safflower oil- and linoleic acid-fed hamsters exhibited an enrichment of 16:0-18:2 (16-18%); added butterfat or oleic acid increased the proportion of 16:0-18:1 (9 and 25%, respectively). We conclude that the phosphatidylcholine molecular species in female hamster bile can be altered by dietary fats/fatty acids and that mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids play a role in suppressing the induced cholelithiasis.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2004

Trans, saturated, and unsaturated fat in foods in the united states prior to mandatory trans-fat labeling.

On July 11, 2003, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration published a final rule amending its food-labeling regulations to require that trans FA be declared in the nutrition label of conventional foods and dietary supplements. The effective date of this final rule is January 1, 2006. This places some urgency on increasing the number and types of currently available foods for which there are trans-fat data. Compositional databases on trans fat content of food are currently limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the trans-fat content of a wide range of foods prior to the effective date of the new regulation. AOAC Official Method of Analysis 996.01 was modified for the analysis of trans fat in noncereal products. Food products for analysis were selected on the basis of market share and data from the USDA's 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals. Foods were purchased from local supermarkets, weighed, hydrolyzed, converted to FAME, and analyzed by GC. The results showed that trans fat (g/100 g fat) ranged from 0.0 to 48.8 in bread, cake, and related products; from 14.9 to 27.7 in margarines; from 7.7 to 35.3 in cookies and crackers; from 24.7 to 38.2 in frozen potatoes; from 0.0 to 17.1 in salty snacks; from 0.0 to 13.2 in vegetable oils and shortenings; from 0.0 to 2.2 in salad dressings and mayonnaises; and from 0.0 to 2.0 in dry breakfast cereals. Serving sizes for the foods included in this survey ranged from 12 to 161 g, and trans-fat levels ranged from 0.0 to 7.2 g/serving. The significant differences in trans-fat content in products within each food category are due to differences in the type of fats and oils used in the manufacturing processes.

Dietary Fats↗