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PubMed1989

Fibrosarcoma of the nose and the paranasal sinuses.

We report a case of fibrosarcoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses and give a brief review of the literature. Fibrosarcoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses is uncommon, and few cases have been reported to date. Previously these tumors may have been overdiagnosed secondary to inadequate diagnostic procedures. Because histologic diagnosis is difficult, these tumors have been confused with other lesions of the head and neck. Thus, the improvement in diagnostic procedures has significantly reduced the reported incidence of fibrosarcoma. Because histologic diagnosis is difficult, this tumor has often been confused with other lesions of the head and neck. To ensure proper handling of the tissue, the pathologist should be informed if fibrosarcoma is suspected. It may be necessary to use electron microscopy or staining techniques such as immunoperoxidase stains to distinguish fibrosarcoma from other lesions. Unfortunately, the early signs and symptoms of the tumor are vague and sometimes misleading. Thus, at the patient's initial visit, it is important that the physician consider the possibility of fibrosarcoma.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Fibrosarcoma versus fibromatoses and cellular nodular fasciitis. A comparative study of their proliferative activity using proliferating cell nuclear antigen, DNA flow cytometry, and p53.

We analyzed the proliferative activities, immunoreactivity of the p53 protein, and aneuploidy in patients with benign and malignant fibrous lesions, including 19 with nodular fasciitis (cellular type) (6-88 years old, mean 42.9), 11 with abdominal fibromatoses (22-74 years old, mean 37.9), 13 with extraabdominal fibromatoses (2-38 years old, mean 19.5), and 23 with fibrosarcomas (adult type: 16-71 years old, mean 47.3; infantile type: 3 months to 9 years, mean 2.9) using immunohistochemistry to determine proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PC10) and p53 protein (CM1) as well as performing DNA flow cytometry. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) score was measured as the ratio of PCNA-positive nuclear size/total nuclear size determined by an image analysis computer system. The distribution pattern of the PCNA-positive cells was uneven in each instance of nodular fasciitis, in contrast to the distribution in abdominal fibromatosis, extraabdominal fibromatosis, and fibrosarcoma. Both fibrosarcoma (28.4 +/- 20.0) and nodular fasciitis (33.6 +/- 20.9) exhibited a larger value and a greater variation in the PCNA score than did either abdominal (13.5 +/- 14.5) or extraabdominal fibromatosis (19.9 +/- 21.5). Abdominal fibromatosis exhibited a smaller value and less variation in the score. In short, the PCNA score did not correlate with the malignant potential. The proliferative index (S + G2 + M fraction) in fibrosarcoma was significantly higher than in either nodular fasciitis or abdominal fibromatosis. Aneuploidy was detected in five cases (26%) of fibrosarcoma, while six (26%) fibrosarcomas showed p53 positivity. Furthermore, p53-positive patients had a worse survival (0.01 < p < 0.05), and p53 positivity correlated with the proliferative index (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the PCNA score simply indicates the proliferative activity independent of malignant potential. On the other hand, p53 positivity, proliferative index, and aneuploidy are all indicators of malignant potential in fibroblastic lesions, and p53 positivity may reflect a poor prognosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma of the jaws. A clinicopathologic and DNA analysis of five cases and review of the literature with discussion of its relationship to ameloblastic fibroma.

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma, the malignant counterpart of the ameloblastic fibroma, is a rare odontogenic tumor characterized by benign epithelium and a malignant fibrous stroma. We have compared nuclear DNA content of five ameloblastic fibrosarcomas and three ameloblastic fibromas by image analysis. The three ameloblastic fibromas were diploid, whereas 1 of 5 ameloblastic fibrosarcomas was aneuploid. There was no correlation with histologic grade and aneuploidy. These five new cases were also added to a review of the literature, bringing the total cases of reported ameloblastic fibrosarcomas to 51. The ameloblastic fibrosarcoma occurs at a later age (mean, 27.5 years) compared with reported ameloblastic fibromas (mean, 14.6 to 22 years), which supports a step-wise malignant transformation. There was histologic documentation that 44% of ameloblastic fibrosarcomas developed in ameloblastic fibromas. In view of this data and of the reported cumulative recurrence rate of 18.3% for ameloblastic fibroma, it is recommended that ameloblastic fibromas be treated with complete surgical excision and long-term follow up rather than simple curettage or enucleation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Inflammatory fibrosarcoma: update, reappraisal, and perspective on its place in the spectrum of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors.

Inflammatory fibrosarcoma (commonly referred to as inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor) has become increasingly recognized as part of a spectrum of inflammatory myofibroblastic proliferations. It is a potentially locally aggressive myofibroblastic tumor that occurs predominantly in the mesentery of children and young adults. No reliable morphological parameters have been identified that predict prognosis. We evaluated the ultrastructural and immunophenotypic features of 16 cases of inflammatory fibrosarcoma and studied Ki67 (MIB1), PCNA, bcl-2, and p53 in an effort to identify prognostic markers. p53 was not detected immunohistochemically in any case. None of the markers were found to correlate with local recurrences, metastases, or tumor deaths. Low proliferative activity (Ki67 < 10%) was seen in all cases. A characteristic immunophenotype was reconfirmed in which lesional myofibroblasts stained for vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, cytokeratins, and rarely desmin. Ultrastructural studies of seven cases confirmed the presence of a fibroblastic-myofibroblastic spectrum. Because inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor-inflammatory fibrosarcoma is associated with systemic symptoms, polymerase chain reaction studies for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were performed in 12 cases. Evaluable results in nine cases did not show evidence of either virus. The results of this study indicate that inflammatory fibrosarcoma has a low proliferative activity, which is in keeping with the impression that this is a low-grade sarcoma; that myofibroblasts can participate in true neoplasia; and that EBV and CMV do not play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory fibrosarcoma. The variable phenotype of the myofibroblast and its role in reactive and neoplastic processes are discussed. A perspective on the position of inflammatory fibrosarcoma in the spectrum of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors is also given in light of the current study and the literature.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Gains of 12q are the most frequent genomic imbalances in adult fibrosarcoma and are correlated with a poor outcome.

Comparative genomic hybridization was used to analyze 41 adult fibrosarcomas from 34 patients. Thirty-one patients showed in their tumors DNA sequence copy number changes (mean 11, range 3-25). The minimal common regions for the most frequent gains were narrowed down to 12q21 (18 cases); 12q14-q15 and 14q22 (16 cases each); 4q22, 7q31, and 14q23-q24 (15 cases each); and 4q21, 4q23-q24, 8q22, and 12q22 (14 cases each). Twenty-five high-level amplifications were observed in 12 samples. 12q21 and 18p were affected three times each; and 1p21, 4q31.3, 7p21, 12q14-q15, Xp22.1-p22.2, and Xq22-q23 two times each. Losses were less frequent than gains. Early stages of adult fibrosarcomas were characterized by frequent gains of chromosomes 2, 4q, and 14q, whereas gains of chromosomes 7 and 8q were associated with progression. Gains of 12q were frequent in all of the developmental steps of this soft-tissue sarcoma. By investigation of several tumors of the same patient, a number of corresponding changes were always detected. Adult fibrosarcomas from patients who died during the observation time showed statistically significant more frequent gains of 8q, 12q, 13q, and 15q compared to the fibrosarcomas of patients who are alive. Gains and high-level amplifications of 12q14-q22, which were the most frequent genomic imbalances, partly reflected an MDM2 amplification, indicating the importance of this region in the tumorigenesis of sarcomas. In adult fibrosarcomas, a gain of 12q22 correlated significantly (P = 0.028) with a poor overall survival rate.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

PubMed1975

Inhibition of syngeneic fibrosarcoma growth by lymphocytes sensitized on tumor-cell monolayers in the presence of the thymic humoral factor.

The present experiments were performed to investigate the possibility of inhibiting tumor growth in vivo with syngeneic lymphocytes sensitized in vitro on monolayers of the tumor under test, and to study the effect of a thymic humoral factor (THF) in this sensitization process. Monolayers of fibrosarcoma cells were used to sensitize spleen cells from syngeneic donors against the tumor. Such sensitized lymphocytes manifested cytotoxic activity against cells fo the fibrosarcoma in a microassay measuring tumor-cell detachment. However, when the sensitized lymphocytes were mixed with the fibrosarcoma cells and injected into syngeneic mice, enhanced tumor growth was observed in vivo. Addition of thymic humoral factor to the cultures during sensitization resulted in increased cytotoxic activity by the lymphocytes in vitro and a reduction in the tumor enhancement caused by these cells when injected in vivo. Enhanced tumor growth occured when activated lymphocytes of allogeneic as well as syngeneic origin were injected together with the fibrosarcoma cells. Enhancement, which was already apparent when the spleen cells had been sensitized for 24 h, could be circumvented by separate administration of lymphocytes and tumor cells. Syngeneic lymphocytes injected systemically after sensitization for 5 days exerted anti-tumor reactivity against the fibrosarcoma grafted in the foot-pad of syngeneic mice. Tumor growth was further inhibited by systemic injection of lymphocytes which had been sensitized in the presence of the thymic humoral factor.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

The kinetics of mononuclear phagocyte infiltration in neoplasms: reactions to non-specific stimuli in a rat fibrosarcoma.

The kinetics of macrophage infiltration into a transplantable rat fibrosarcoma were investigated. Monocytes obtained from normal rats and labelled with 51Cr were injected into normal or fibrosarcoma-bearing rats which had previously been implanted with cotton pellets impregnated with BCG, B. pertussis carrageenan or levan. The subcutaneous tissues of normal and fibrosarcoma-bearing rats as well as the neoplasm itself were the sites for pellet implantation. The various additives induced an enhancement of macrophage infiltration into cotton pellets implanted for 1 week into subcutaneous tissues of normal rats. No significant effect was found in pellets implanted for 3 or 14 days. Macrophage infiltration into pellets in the neoplasm was consistently reduced when compared with controls. This occurred regardless of the length of time of implantation, the type of substance added to the pellet or (in the case of BCG or B. pertussis) whether the rats were pre-sensitised to the pellet additive or not. Pellets removed from the subcutaneous tissues of fibrosarcoma-bearing rats were either similar to or more often higher in radioactivity than those implanted into the neoplasm itself. The results indicate that the capacity of macrophages to respond to inflammatory stimuli is reduced in fibrosarcoma-bearing rats, but especially in the stroma of the neoplasm.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Fibrosarcoma associated with a benign cystic teratoma of the ovary.

OBJECTIVE: A case of ovarian fibrosarcoma associated with a benign cystic teratoma is described. METHODS: A 32-year-old patient with an ovarian tumor detected by routine gynecological examination was referred to our hospital. In addition to histopathological examination of the resected tumor, immunohistochemical studies as well as a cytogenetic analysis by comparative genomic hybridization were carried out. RESULTS: The 7-cm-sized tumor consisted of two different components: a fibrosarcoma and a benign cystic teratoma. The teratoma contained elements of all three germ layers and lacked any focus of immature teratoma. A fibrosarcoma was immediately connected to the teratoma. The sarcoma cells showed eight mitoses per 10 high-power fields on average and exhibited immunohistochemical reactivity for vimentin only. Cytogenetic analysis of the fibrosarcoma using comparative genomic hybridization revealed imbalances of chromosomes 9, 12, and 16. After a 1-year follow-up, there were no signs of tumor recurrence or systemic disease. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, this is the second report of an association of ovarian fibrosarcoma and benign cystic teratoma, and the first including a cytogenetic analysis.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Postirradiation fibrosarcoma following radical mastectomy.

A case of fibrosarcoma arising in the scar of the radical mastectomy with postoperative irradiation of breast carcinoma is reported. The tumors arose five times in spite of the extirpations including surrounding tissue since 11 years after radical mastectomy and postoperative irradiation. All of arisen tumors were diagnosed fibrosarcoma histologically and with every recurrence the aggravation of malignancy of tumors was shown. In this case, the primary tumor of the breast was infiltrating carcinoma and no sign of fibrosarcoma was noted histologically. The mastectomy scar was indicated the irradiation therapy postoperatively and fibrosarcoma developed 11 years after postoperative irradiation. Namely, this case agreed to the strict criteria of the postirradiation sarcoma proposed by Cahan et al. In this paper, a case of postirradiation fibrosarcoma arising in the scar of radical mastectomy for carcinoma is presented.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1993

Cytokine-induced tumor immunogenicity: endogenous interleukin-1 alpha expressed by fibrosarcoma cells confers reduced tumorigenicity.

A direct correlation between the constitutive expression of IL-1 alpha and reduced tumorigenicity of fibrosarcomas was observed. This was established in fibrosarcoma cell lines which produce IL-1 alpha 'spontaneously', possibly as an aberration of oncogene-mediated transformation or upon IL-1 alpha gene transfer. In fibroblasts intracellular or membrane-associated IL-1 alpha is expressed, whereas the secreted form of the cytokine (IL-1 beta) is absent. Studies on the mechanisms of tumor regression of the IL-1 alpha-positive fibroblastoid cell lines indicated that IL-1 alpha potentiates the development of tumor cell-specific CTLs, which are of importance for tumor eradication. Thus, IL-1 alpha induces enhanced helper T cell activity which provides auxiliary signals for the growth/development of CTLs. Non-adaptive effector cells, activated locally by IL-1 alpha-expressing fibrosarcoma cells, also contribute to the eradication of IL-1 alpha-expressing fibrosarcomas. Local IL-1 alpha expression potentiated antigen presentation, by the malignant fibroblasts as well as by tissue-resident antigen-presenting cells, thus further potentiating anti-tumor immune responses. Mice, in which IL-1 alpha-producing tumors were regressed, developed an immune memory and rejected a challenge with an IL-1 non-producing violent tumor cell line. Endogenous IL-1 alpha activates a cytokine cascade (i.e., IL-6, CSF), produced by the malignant cells and possibly also by stromal cells. However, IL-1 alpha expression is essential for fibrosarcoma eradication, while other cytokines possibly amplify and sustain its action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3T3 Cells↗

PubMed1978

Transformation of ameloblastic fibroma to fibrosarcoma.

The direct transformation of an ameloblastic fibroma into a fibrosarcoma in a 16-year-old Caucasian male is reported. Although no ameloblastic epithelium was found in the recurrent tumor, the odontogenic origin of the fibrosarcoma was evident. The ameloblastic fibrosarcoma and the fibrosarcoma of identical odontogenic origin represent an entity which should be distinguished from conventional fibrosarcoma as these tumors demonstrate different clinical behaviors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Biochemical evaluation of antitumor effect of muthu marunthu (a herbal formulation) on experimental fibrosarcoma in rats.

Natural products from plants are rich sources used for treating a number of diseases. Many of the pharmacological principles of the currently used anticancer agents have been initially isolated from plants. Most of the herbal drugs are a mixture of a number of plant ingredients. Their cumulative effect increases the efficacy of the drug in curing the diseases. Muthu Marunthu is a herbal formulation comprising of eight various plant ingredients, and has been claimed to possess antitumor effect. Therefore, attention has been focused on studying the various plant ingredients in the drug as a whole for its antitumor effects. It was observed that the growth rate in rats was normal and there was no change in blood parameters such as glucose, urea, proteins, cholesterol and also in the activities of pathophysiological enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline and acid phosphatase after Muthu Marunthu administration. The tumor weight was found to be reduced in methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma rats after Muthu Marunthu treatment. Elevated levels of glycocomponents of glycoproteins such as hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid and fucose in plasma of fibrosarcoma rats decreased significantly after Muthu Marunthu treatment. The DNA and RNA levels of liver and kidney, which were increased in fibrosarcoma rats, returned to near normal levels after Muthu Marunthu treatment. The vitamins such as A, C and E in plasma were decreased in fibrosarcoma rats but increased significantly after Muthu Marunthu treatment. The altered levels of copper, zinc and selenium in plasma have also been corrected after Muthu Marunthu treatment. These observations clearly suggested the antitumor potency of Muthu Marunthu in experimentally induced fibrosarcoma in rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

In vitro induction of tumour-specific immunity V. Detection of common antigenic determinatnts of murine fibrosarcomas.

Two 3-methylcholanthrene and a spontaneous BALB/c fibrosarcoma were examined for tumour-associated antigens (TAA) by in vivo and in vitro induction of tumour-immune responses. When BALB/c mice were immunized to these fibrosarcomas by surgical tumour removal, cross-reacting tumour-associated transplantation antigens (TATA) were detected on all 3 tumours. Cytotoxic effector cells (CL) were then induced in vitro by co-culture of BALB/c spleen cells with the spontaneous, or one of the carcinogen-induced fibrosarcomas. These CL were shown to be cytotoxic T cells (Tc) and to be directed against cross-reacting TAA on all 3 tumours, by two in vitro 51Cr-release assay systems, direct 51Cr-release cytotoxicity and cellular competitive inhibition of 51Cr release. Further studies demonstrated that the fibrosarcoma TAA involved in in vitro induction of Tc were not present on normal adult or foetal tissues. A secondary cytotoxic response was also detected in vitro when spleen cells from mice immunized to a carcinogen-induced fibrosarcoma were tested. The patterns of cross-reactivity detected by the in vivo and primary in vitro tumour-immune responses suggested that the TAA detected in vivo (TATA) were not identical to the TAA detected in vitro.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

[Potential malignancy of cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast. A contribution to the histogenesis of fibrosarcoma].

The present case report, which describes the transformation of a cystosarcoma phylloides into a "borderline case" and subsequently a fibrosarcoma, makes it clear that fibrosarcoma of the breast cannot always be regarded as a tumor which has developed primarily from mesenchymal breast tissue. Just as a benign cystosarcoma can turn malignant if therapy is inadequate, it can also turn into a purely sarcomatous tumor. The clinical consequences of this are that a cystosarcoma should not only be shelled out, but excised generously, with a wide border of healthy tissue. The "borderline" type of cystosarcoma phylloides, or respectively the fibrosarcoma, requires far more aggressive therapy, i.e., mastectomy. In fibrosarcoma cases additional selective lymphadenectomy may be considered, although the metastasization pattern is predominantly hematogenic. Overall, however, the prognosis for fibrosarcoma cases is better than for those with breast cancer.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2003

Glucocorticoids inhibit apoptosis during fibrosarcoma development by transcriptionally activating Bcl-xL.

Glucocorticoids influence many physiological processes, and in particular apoptosis, often with opposite effects depending on the cell type examined. We found that during fibrosarcoma development there is a strong increase in apoptosis at the tumor stage, which is repressed by dexamethasone to levels observed in normal fibroblasts. The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bcl-x(L) is induced by dexamethasone at the transcriptional level at all stages of fibrosarcoma development. The ligand-activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activates the Bcl-x promoter in transient transfection experiments, and GR binds to specific Bcl-x promoter sequences in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, a GR antagonist abolishes this effect, indicating that Bcl-x(L) induction is mediated by GR. Importantly, exogenous Bcl-x(L) inhibits apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in fibrosarcoma cells to levels found in dexamethasone-treated fibrosarcoma cells. We conclude that Bcl-x(L) is a key target mediating the anti-apoptotic effects of glucocorticoids during fibrosarcoma development. These observations provide further understanding of the molecular basis of glucocorticoid regulation of cell death during tumorigenesis.

Apoptosis↗

PubMed2004

Primary sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma of the sacrum: a case report and review of the literature.

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma is a rare tumour characterised histologically by a predominant population of epithelioid cells arranged in strands and nests, embedded in a fibrotic and hyalinised stroma. It is a low grade tumour with an indolent course. A 48 year old woman presented with a painful swelling over her back for six months. Investigation and biopsy revealed features of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma involving the left half of the sacrum, left sacro-iliac joint, and posterior part of the left ilium. Preoperative radiotherapy and wide location excision of the tumour were followed by metastatic recurrence of the tumour in the lung and scalp six years after initial presentation. The tumour showed typical histology of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. The radiological features confirmed its primary location in the sacrum. The patient declined chemotherapy and died of disseminated disease eight years after initial presentation. Review of the literature confirms the fact that sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma, despite its low grade, is a clinicopathologically distinct tumour with full malignant potential, the recurrence, metastasis, and mortality rate being 48%, 60%, and 35%, respectively. Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma can occur as a primary bone tumour, the clinical behaviour of which is probably similar to its soft tissue counterpart.

Fatal Outcome↗

PubMed1976

Metastatic spread of fibrosarcoma of bone; A report on forty-nine cases, and a comparison with osteosarcoma.

Of tumours arising in otherwise normal bones, fibrosarcoma is about one-third as common as osteosarcoma and may have a very slightly better prognosis. A comparison of the aetiology and behaviour of forty-nine fibrosarcomata and 152 osteosarcomata indicates several similar features. Fibrosarcoma lacks the characteristic peak incidence in adolescence of osteosarcoma, but the age and sex distributions of both tumour types in patients of middle life--twenty-five to sixty-five years--are remarkably similar, even in their frequency. With fibrosarcoma, perhaps, lung metastases are fewer and appear later, thus contributing to the slightly better survival, but there is some increase in the proportion of extra-pulmonary secondaries. As with osteosarcoma, patients with fibrosarcoma show some increase in the length of post-metastatic survival when metastases are of later appearance. For the whole series the five-year crude survival rate was 21 per cent, better results being recorded for patients with histologically well differentiated tumours (30 per cent) and for long bone tumours when the patient was metastasis-free initially and the tumour was treated by prompt ablation (40 per cent). These are probably the best results one may expect for osseous fibrosarcoma without recourse to adjuvant antimetastatic therapy. Complete control of the primary tumour is likewise mandatory, and can be assured only by complete surgical removal when this is technically feasible.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Histology and immunohistochemistry of seven ferret vaccination-site fibrosarcomas.

The anatomical location, histology, and immunohistochemistry of 10 ferret dermal and subcutaneous fibrosarcomas were examined. Seven of the 10 tumors were from locations used for vaccination. All fibrosarcomas contained spindle-shaped cells surrounded by variable quantities of connective tissue stroma. However, vaccination-site fibrosarcomas (VSFs) subjectively contained a higher degree of cellular pleomorphism. Multinucleated cells were present in three of seven VSFs but not in any of the nonvaccination-site fibrosarcomas (NVSFs). Large histiocytic cells, interpreted as macrophages, containing intracytoplasmic basophilic granular material were observed in two VSFs but not in any of the NVSFs. Five VSFs contained peripheral lymphoplasmacytic aggregates. Immunohistochemically, three VSFs stained with anti-smooth muscle actin antibodies and one stained with antibodies against desmin. No expression of muscle cytoskeletal filaments was observed in any NVSF. Filaments interpreted as actin were visible in both the VSFs examined ultrastructurally. One of the VSFs examined ultrastructurally contained intracytoplasmic crystalline material. The preferential development of subcutaneous fibrosarcomas in vaccination sites suggests that, as in cats, vaccination may promote local sarcoma development in ferrets. Additionally, some of the histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of these tumors are similar to those reported for feline vaccine-associated sarcomas. To the authors' knowledge, vaccination has not previously been reported to be oncogenic in any species other than cats.

Animals↗