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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) manifested as necrosis of fingers and toes and liver infarction.

We report a case of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) with necrosis of the fingers and toes and liver infarction. A 59-year-old man with asthma suddenly noticed that his fingers and toes felt unusually cold. This condition worsened progressively, and some digits became necrotic within several weeks. Laboratory studies revealed hypereosinophilia and an extremely elevated serum level of IgE. Digital subtraction angiography of the extremities revealed extensive irregular narrowing of small and medium-sized arteries in the extremities. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed an area of low density at the periphery of the right lobe of the liver. Angiography revealed irregular narrowing of small arteries that corresponded to the ischemic area. A nerve conduction study suggested sensory nerve neuropathy. The preceding asthma, acute onset of digital necrosis, liver infarction, neuropathy, and hypereosinophilia strongly suggested a diagnosis of CSS. The patient was treated with 40 mg of prednisolone and 120 micro g of intravenous prostaglandin E1 daily, and all the digits that had turned black and necrotic were amputated. After the amputation, the dose of prednisolone was gradually reduced, and no new lesions appeared on the skin or in the liver. The rare possible complications of CSS, including necrosis of digits and liver infarction, should not be ignored.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed2002

Relative lengths of fingers and toes in human males and females.

Digital scans of the hands and feet were obtained from 62 heterosexual females and 60 heterosexual males. Scans only of the hands were obtained from 29 homosexual females and 35 homosexual males. The lengths of the individual fingers and toes were estimated from those images by two experienced judges, and length ratios were constructed for all possible pairs of fingers (or toes) on each hand (or foot). Thumbs were not measured, but the great toe was measured and used to construct length ratios. Past research had concentrated on the relative lengths of the index and ring fingers (the 2D:4D ratio). This ratio is close to 1.0 in females and smaller than 1.0 in males. Here 2D:4D did exhibit the largest sex difference, for both hands, followed by 2D:5D and 3D:4D. The sex differences were larger for the right hand than for the left. For both homosexual females and homosexual males, nearly all of the length ratios for fingers were intermediate to those for heterosexual females and heterosexual males; that is, the ratios of homosexual females were masculinized and those of homosexual males were hypomasculinized, but few of these differences were significant. Because many toes were substantially arched, acceptable estimates of length often could not be obtained from the two-dimensional scans, meaning that conclusions about toes are much less certain than those for fingers. Nevertheless, the length ratios were generally larger for toes than for fingers, and the sex differences were generally smaller for toes.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The difference in pulse transit time to the toe and finger measured by photoplethysmography.

Blood pressure pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a parameter which is related to arterial distensibility. Its direct assessment, by measuring the appearance time of a pressure pulse in two sites along an artery and the distance between the two sites, is complicated and inaccurate. In the current study, pulse transit time (PTT) to the toes and fingers of 44 normotensive male subjects was measured by photoplethysmography (PPG) and ECG. The arrival time of the pulses at the toe and finger was determined from the foot of the systolic rise of the PPG signal, i.e. at end-diastolic time. Two parameters, which are related to PWV, were tested: the time delay between the ECG R-wave and the arrival time of the pulses at the toe (E-T PTT), and the difference in the transit time of the blood pressure pulses between the toe and finger (T-F PTTD). E-T PTT and T-F PTTD decreased as functions of the subject's age and systolic blood pressure (SBP), but their dependence on the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was not statistically significant. The decrease of the PTT parameters with age is attributed to the direct structural decrease of the arterial compliance with age and not to functional effects associated with the increase of the blood pressure with age, since the PTT parameters did not depend on DBP though the measurements were performed at end-diastole.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effects of position and skin temperature on the capillary pressures in the fingers and toes.

1. Direct measurements of the capillary pressure (P(c)) were made in capillaries at the base of the nails of the fingers and toes of two subjects (the authors of this paper).2. With the hand or foot at heart level, P(c) varied over the range of 7-70 cm H(2)O with mean values of 43 cm H(2)O in both the fingers and the toes. P(c) was higher in the arterial limb (mean 49 cm H(2)O) than in the venous limb (mean 34 cm H(2)O) of the capillary loops. The plasma colloid osmotic pressures for the two subjects were 33 and 34 cm H(2)O.3. For capillaries at heart level there was a strong positive correlation between P(c) and skin temperature when the latter was varied over the range 23-36 degrees C.4. When the hand or foot was lowered, P(c) increased less than the local arterial (P(a)) and venous pressures (P(v)). Furthermore the variation in P(c) was reduced. In fourteen measurements of P(c) made on capillaries in the toes of standing subjects, P(c) was no more than 10 cm H(2)O greater than P(v). It is argued that the increase in the ratio (P(a) - P(c))/(P(c) - P(v)) with hydrostatic load represents an increase in the ratio of pre- to post-capillary resistance.5. When P(v) was increased by inflating a sphygmomanometer cuff around the upper arm, (P(a) - P(c))/(P(c) - P(v)) increased in the hand held at heart level. These changes were similar to those seen with changes in position.6. The implications of the results are discussed with respect to fluid balance between the blood and tissues. It is argued that since P(c) in the warm hand was never less than the plasma colloid osmotic pressure, fluid is not reabsorbed from the tissues into the capillaries of the warm skin of the hand even at heart level. Compensatory changes in the circulation appear to minimise the filtration of fluid into the feet of the standing subject but the mechanism of these changes remains obscure.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1979

[Malignant melanomas of fingers and toes (author's transl)].

From 1968 to 1978 more than 500 patients suffering from histologically verified malignant melanoma were seen. Only in 12 cases (appr. 2%) the tumour was situated on the tip of the fingers and toes. In such cases nowadays amputation and exarticulation of the whole extremity is no longer practiced. It is sufficient only to remove the corresponding finger or toe. Additional chemotherapy should supplement surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Raynaud's phenomenon of fingers and toes of miners exposed to local and whole-body vibration and cold.

In a study of 27 underground miners exposed to hand or whole-body vibration, cold or other vasoconstrictive environmental factors, higher prevalences of Raynaud's phenomenon in both fingers and toes were found than in a control group not exposed to vibration. There were no Raynaud-like phenomena among miners not exposed to vibration. There was a positive correlation between the two locations. This may mean a general susceptibility of vasospasm, but it seems more probable that the disorders are caused by vibration exposure to fingers and toes.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Agility, gnosis, and graphaesthesia for the toes and fingers in children: normative data (ages 7-14 years).

The differential representation of the toes/feet and fingers/hands along the medial and lateral surfaces of the cerebral cortices, respectively, may have diagnostic utility. Normative data for errors for toe and finger graphaesthesia and gnosis, as well as foot and finger agility, were collected for 86 children (ages 7 to 14). The fingers were more agile than the feet, and the right side of the body was more agile than the left side, regardless of age. A marked improvement in toe gnosis, but not in finger gnosis occurred in children after 11-12 years of age. A statistically significant interaction between laterality and gender was due to the greater numbers of errors for both toe and finger gnosis, displayed by girls for the left sides of their bodies compared to their right sides. This discrepancy was not significant for boys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Severe hypofibrinogenemia associated with bilateral ischemic necrosis of toes and fingers.

Severe hypofibrinogenemia was found in an Algerian woman who, since the age of 37 years, suffered three different episodes of ischemic necrosis of the toes and fingers leading to amputation of the toes and surgical removal of necrotic tissue (necretomy). No anti-fibrinogen antibody was present. The deficiency appeared to be due to severe congenital hypofibrinogenemia since the fibrinogen level remained at the same low level over a long period, without any abnormality of other coagulation proteins. The thrombotic events may be explained by the increased thrombin generation observed in the patient's plasma, due to the lack of thrombin adsorption onto a fibrin net.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Incidence of signs indicating psoriatic rheumatism in radiological involvement of fingers and toes. Apropos of 193 cases of psoriatic arthropathy].

On the basis of 193 cases of psoriatic arthropathy, the authors sought the incidence and rapidity of onset of signs suggestive of this type of rheumatic disorder when there are radiological lesions of the fingers and toes. They conclude that when such radiological lesions exist, signs suggestive of psoriatic arthropathy are frequent (90%), early (85% of cases of psoriatic arthropathy present for less than 5 years) and predominantly involve the distal parts of the fingers and toes (85.5%). The authors consider that the signs which distinguish psoriatic arthropathy from rheumatoid arthritis are due to an extrasynovial process of enthesopathic origin.

Adolescent↗