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Results for “Family Planning Program Administration”

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PubMed1980

Assessment of family planning service delivery in Egypt.

The Arab Republic of Egypt has used family planning service delivery as the main vehicle for implementing its national family planning policy since 1965. This paper reports results of a study undertaken during 1975-77 using a systematic sample of 100 health units offering family planning services in two governorates of Egypt. The findings suggest that there is considerable potential for improving the service delivery system through better management. Broadening the choice of technology offered, increasing the quantity and quality of outreach and communication activities for new and continuing contraceptors, and improving staff availability could lead to improvements in national program participation and continuation.

Contraceptive Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of community distribution programs in Bangladesh.

In Bangladesh, five high- and five low-performing nongovernmental organization-supported community distribution projects were studied to determine which management, supervisory, and field activities differed between the better and poorer performers. A total of 37 variables were studied, and differences between the higher- and lower-performing projects were noted for nearly all of the variables. In general, project effectiveness was associated with higher service quality, more proactive field supervision, and greater organizational clarity. No project performed all of the 37 activities well. No one or two variables predicted project success, and none of them was found to be a necessary condition for project success. Higher performance was associated with doing well on many of these variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The strategic approach to contraceptive introduction.

The introduction of new contraceptive technologies has great potential for expanding contraceptive choice, but in practice, benefits have not always materialized as new methods have been added to public-sector programs. In response to lessons from the past, the UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP) has taken major steps to develop a new approach and to support governments interested in its implementation. After reviewing previous experience with contraceptive introduction, the article outlines the strategic approach and discusses lessons from eight countries. This new approach shifts attention from promotion of a particular technology to an emphasis on the method mix, the capacity to provide services with quality of care, reproductive choice, and users' perspectives and needs. It also suggests that technology choice should be undertaken through a participatory process that begins with an assessment of the need for contraceptive introduction and is followed by research and policy and program development. Initial results from Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, Myanmar, South Africa, Vietnam, and Zambia confirm the value of the new approach.

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cost-benefit analysis of the Mexican Social Security Administration's family planning program.

A cost-benefit analysis of the family planning program of the Mexican Social Security System (IMSS) was undertaken to test the hypothesis that IMSS's family planning services yield a net savings to IMSS by reducing the load on its maternal and infant care service. The cost data are believed to be of exceptionally high quality because they were empirically ascertained by a retrospective and prospective survey of unit time and personnel costs per specified detailed type of service in 37 IMSS hospitals and 16 clinics in 13 of Mexico's 32 states. Based on the average cost per case, the analysis disclosed that for every peso (constant 1983 currency) that IMSS spent on family planning services to its urban population during 1972-1984 inclusive, the agency saved nine pesos. The article concludes by raising the speculative question as to the proportion of the births averted by the IMSS family planning program that would have been averted in the absence of IMSS's family planning services.

Child Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sterilization and the birth rate.

Sterilization remains irreversible for all practical purposes, but as its procedures become more feasible in developing countries, the question of its potential contribution to fertility decline vis-à-vis other contraceptive methods has increasing significance for family planning program administrators. This question is examined by means of a model that calculates births averted in defined time durations from the acceptance of various contraceptive methods by women of different ages. The findings suggest that without ready access of the population to reversible contraceptive methods that are attractive to birth spacers and tentative birth terminators, the rate of fertility decline is not likely to be satisfactory regardless of the availability, promotion, or popularity of sterilization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Influences on family planning acceptance: an analysis of background and program factors in Malaysia.

Which factors have the greater influence on family planning performance: fixed background variables such as racial composition, urbanization, and mortality, which are affected by level of development, or program inputs such as assignment of personnel and location of clinics, which are subject to manipulation by administrators? An analysis of differences in family planning acceptance among 70 districts of Malaysia shows that two main program-manipulable variables--level of personnel deployment and accessibility of clinics--have the largest direct effect upon acceptance levels. Variations in background factors explain a smaller proportion.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMed1972

Condoms--a new look.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Contraceptive Devices↗
PubMed1996

Is tubal sterilization associated with an increased risk of subsequent hysterectomy but a decreased risk of ovarian cancer? A review of recent literature.

Recent epidemiologic studies have suggested that tubal sterilization (TS) may lead to an increased incidence of subsequent hysterectomy but a decreased risk of ovarian cancer. This review evaluates the nature and magnitude of these two relationships, which should be of great concern and interest to women, clinicians and the administrators of family planning programs. The positive relationship between TS and subsequent hysterectomy is more likely to be of a motivational rather than biological nature, and a considerable number of unnecessary hysterectomies after TS could be avoided by changing the attitudes of physicians and women. The inverse relationship between TS and ovarian cancer appears causal, although the exact biological mechanisms remain to be clarified. Theoretically, this non-contraceptive beneficial effect of TS could be used as a primary preventive measure to curb the incidence of the highly fatal ovarian cancer. However, a number of medical, ethical, and economic questions attending use of a generally irreversible contraceptive procedure as a preventive measure must first be answered. The issue of whether TS is associated with any long-term sequelae, and, if so, whether the association is of a cause-and-effect nature or a by-product of time passage and aging of the woman, should be addressed by well-designed studies.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1995

Surveillance of family planning services at Title X clinics and characteristics of women receiving these services, 1991.

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Public health surveillance data describing family planning services at Title X clinics and characteristics of women receiving these services during 1991 are contained in this report. These data update previously published information concerning characteristics of women and services at such clinics during 1981. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: 1991. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: Data characterizing patients and services were reported by family planning clinics to Title X grantees. These data for 1991 were provided by all 75 grantees to CDC's Family Planning Services Surveillance (FPSS) project. RESULTS: In 1991, 4.2 million women received services at Title X clinics. Overall, 69.5% of family planning patients had chosen oral contraceptives as their method of contraception, and 64.7% of patients were at or below the federal poverty level. In addition to information characterizing patients and services at Title X clinics, this report also evaluated current data-collection methods used by Title X grantees. Complexities in the analysis reflected variations in the quality and availability of data, including differences in definitions, data-collection instruments at the clinic level, and data categories. INTERPRETATION: The number and characteristics of family planning patients receiving services at Title X clinics during 1991 were similar to the number and characteristics during 1981. Furthermore, these results underscore the need to improve the quality and timeliness of family planning data and to facilitate program planning and operations at the grantee level. ACTIONS TAKEN: These surveillance findings have been communicated to state family planning administrators and to national Title X program administrators. This information will be used to assess how publicly funded family planning clinics currently contribute to health-care delivery and how these clinics might contribute to a national system of reproductive health-care services in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The politics of birth control.

By the time Senate subcommittee hearings on the "population crisis" ended in 1968, a sizeable consensus had begun to emerge favoring government support of voluntary family planning programs at home and abroad. The goal to develop a national family planning program was easier to set than to accomplish, however, and there have been no lack of difficult questions to haggle over in the past 20 years. Beginning with the Johnson administration, the executive branch of government has tended to favor block-grant funding of family planning services, while Congress has insisted on categorical funding. Conflict has also existed over financial eligibility for government-supported services, over whether teenagers and unmarried women should be served in publicly supported clinics and over which services should be included in the definition of family planning. The Reagan administration has exacerbated the conflicts with attempts to redefine family planning by placing primary emphasis on natural methods and abstinence for those who wish to prevent pregnancy and attempts to deny funding to both domestic and foreign programs that support access to abortion. While future government support for family planning programs does not seem seriously threatened, funding has not grown in 15 years, once the effects of inflation are taken into account, and most programs have had to limit eligibility to survive. The Bush administration is unlikely to be as confrontational as the Reagan administration on the subject of family planning, but the political reality is that conflict can be expected to continue.

Abortion, Legal↗