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PubMed2004

Treponema putidum sp. nov., a medium-sized proteolytic spirochaete isolated from lesions of human periodontitis and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

So far, little phenotypic heterogeneity has been detected in cultured oral treponemes with trypsin-like proteolytic activity, and all have been assigned to the species Treponema denticola. However, comparisons of protein patterns and antigen expression in our collection of proteolytic oral treponemes occasionally identified isolates with a unique phenotype; e.g. strain OMZ 830 (=ATCC 700768), which qualified as a 'pathogen-related oral spirochaete' due to the presence of a approximately 37 kDa protein reactive with the Treponema pallidum FlaA-specific mAb H9-2. In addition to such single isolates, a homogeneous group of seven independent strains is described that were highly motile, medium-sized, proteolytic but asaccharolytic spirochaetes and were cultured from human gingivitis, periodontitis and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in medium OMIZ-Pat supplemented with 1% human serum and antibiotics. Growth of these spirochaetes in OMIZ-Pat was not dependent on, but was stimulated by, human or bovine serum. Carbohydrates were neither required nor stimulatory for growth. The protein and antigen patterns of total cell extracts of these organisms separated by SDS-PAGE were distinct from those of all previously cultured spirochaetes, with highest similarity to T. denticola. The novel spirochaete has a 2 : 4 : 2 arrangement of the periplasmic flagella, similar to T. denticola. However, the flagellin pattern as detected by immunostaining or glycan staining of Western blots readily distinguished the novel group from T. denticola. Also, distinct from reference strains of T. denticola, none of the novel isolates displayed sialidase or dentilisin activities, both of which are expressed by most strains of T. denticola. Trypsin-like activity and other enzymes as detected by API ZYM test were similar to those of T. denticola. The status of a novel species is supported by the 16S rRNA gene sequence, with 98.5% similarity to its closest cultured relative, T. denticola. The name Treponema putidum sp. nov. is proposed (type strain OMZ 758T=ATCC 700334T=CIP 108088T).

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

A case-control study of plasma ascorbate and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

Data from animal studies and from studies of patients with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) have provided suggestive evidence for an association between ascorbate deficiency and disease risk. Further, there is biological plausibility for such an association, due to the role of ascorbate in collagen synthesis and leukocyte function. A case-control study of plasma ascorbate and ANUG was performed on 60 patients with a history of ANUG infection and 60 age-race-sex-matched controls. No cases had had active lesions for at least two months prior to their vitamin assay to avoid any potential reduction of dietary intake of ascorbic acid due to the presence of painful mouth lesions. According to results obtained by use of a modification of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method for determination of total plasma ascorbate, the mean and standard error of the mean of plasma ascorbate for all ANUG cases was 0.07 +/- 0.006 mmol/L; the mean for all controls was 0.10 +/- 0.006 mmol/L. Paired differences in plasma ascorbic acid concentrations between cases and controls were significantly different from zero (p less than 0.001). The unadjusted relative risk (RR) of ANUG as obtained by conditional logistic regression for subjects whose plasma ascorbic acid concentration was at or below the median value for controls, relative to subjects with higher values, was 7.3 (90% confidence interval, 3.0 - 17.4; one-sided p value less than 0.001). Patients with a history of ANUG ingested a daily average of 1.2 +/- 0.2 servings of dietary ascorbic acid, as compared with a daily average of 1.9 +/- 0.2 servings for healthy controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and bacteremia caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in an immunocompromised host.

An 8-year-old girl with leukemia developed acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and herpes simplex virus. Progression to bacteremia with pathologic evidence of osteomyelitis occurred despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy. This case highlights the importance of prompt recognition, debridement and appropriate therapy in immunocompromised patients with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1990

Spirochetes in early lesions of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis experimentally induced in beagles.

The presence of spirochetes and other bacteria during the induction of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) in beagle dogs was studied by transmission electron microscopy. NUG was induced by application of dental debris from diseased dogs to 4 beagles treated with corticosteroid. Biopsies of interdental papillae were collected during a period of 7 weeks. Spirochetes and other bacteria were observed in enlarged intercellular spaces between non-keratinized epithelial cells. Intracellular bacteria were found with and without surrounding vesicular spaces. The invasive spirochetes were mainly intermediately sized and of flagellar "4-8-4" configuration or higher. Bacterial invasion of the sulcular epithelium occurred before clinical evidence of NUG could be observed. It is concluded that invasion by intermediate spirochetes and other bacteria plays a role in initiating ulcerative gingivitis in beagles.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) in HIV antibody-positive subjects].

The paper reports five cases of acute ulcero-necrotic gingivitis in AbHIV-positive subjects and stresses that the frequency of this pathology in the AbHIV-positive population is 0.67% (3.3% if only the homosexual population is taken into consideration) compared to 0.02-0.08% in the normal population. These findings may therefore suggest an association between AUNG and HIV-1 infection.

AIDS-Related Complex↗