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Results for “Growth--changes”

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PubMed1976

Biogenesis of mitochondrial membranes in Neurospora crassa during cellular differentiation: changes in oxidative phosphorylation and synthesis of mitochondrial phospholipids.

Changes in the capacity of mitochondria to carry out oxidative phosphorylation and in the rate of synthesis and incorporation of phospholipids into mitochondria were measured during the germination of conidiospores of Neurospora crassa. The competence of isolated mitochondria to carry out coupled respiration was very low during the first 3 h growth, but it increased rapidly, reaching maximal levels at 5 to 6 h growth. Changes in mitochondrial function were the same in cells grown in 2% sucrose- or 15% glucose-supplemented medium. The rate of synthesis of mitochondrial phospholipids was very low during the first 2 h growth and increased to maximal levels between 3 and 5 h. The rate of synthesis of mitochondrial phospholipids was approximately three times higher in cells grown in 15% glucose than in those grown in 2% sucrose. The maximal rate of synthesis of mitochondrial phospholipids occurred during spore germination and preceded attainment of full competence for oxidative phosphorylation. The lipid-rich condition of the mitochondrial resulting from the high rate of synthesis of phospholipids in glucose-grown cells is postulated to be related to the whorled inclusions observed in thin sections of Neurospora cells.

Antimycin A↗

PubMed1975

Factors affecting filamentation in Candida albicans: changes in respiratory activity of Candida albicans during filamentation.

Glucose metabolism and respiration of Candida albicans were compared under conditions which permitted either maximal filamentous or maximal yeast growth. Changes in metabolism were monitored by comparing the quantities of ethanol produced, CO2 evolved, and oxygen consumed. Filamenting cultures produced more ethanol and less CO2 than yeasts, with oxygen consumption in the former concomitantly slower than that of the latter. Studies involving cofactors and inhibitors associated with electron transport imply that a transfer of electrons away from flavoprotein is required for maintenance of yeast morphology. Conditions consistent with a buildup of reduced flavoprotein, however, favored filament formation. These changes were expressed metabolically as a shift from an aerobic to a fermentative metabolism. The results presented are consistent with hypotheses correlating filament production with changes in carbohydrate metabolism and an interruption of electron transfer within the cell.

Acridines↗

PubMed1978

Effects of an artificial diet on growth of patients with cystic fibrosis.

The effects of an artificial diet on growth were examined in a controlled trial on 43 patients with cystic fibrosis. 28 patients received the diet for 12 months. Comparison was made between their growth before, during, and after dietary treatment. Growth changes were also assessed in 15 other patients who received a conventional diet. Artificial dietary treatment led to some improvement in height, weight, subscapular skinfold thickness, and a disproportionate advance of bone age for the group as a whole. Only 10 (36%) patients had a 'clinically' significant improvement in height, weight, or both--i.e. more than 0.5 standard deviation score. Greatest improvements were in young and mildly affected patients. It is proposed that the future use of such an unpleasant and expensive diet should be restricted to a few selected cases, rather than given as routine treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

The effect of litter size on the growth, survival and behaviour of neonatal bulbectomised mice.

Bilateral lesions of the olfactory bulbs in 1-day-old mice led to a slow rate of growth both before and after weaning and the growth changes were positively associated with the size of the lesion. Mothers continued to care for the bulbectomised mice which showed no evidence of retarded motor development though their eyes opened later and they were less active when exposed to an artificial perfume. Bulbectomised mice failed to survive in litters of two where both infants were bulbectomised and in litters with a large number of unoperated littermates. Keeping litters small and having both bulbectomised and control mice present enhanced the chances of survival and the presence of infant control mice is a necessary condition for the maintenance of lactation and the survival of the bulbectomised babies. Failure to respond to the odours( pheromones) of the mothers may be responsible for the infrequent suckling and the slow growth and development.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Dexamethasone: increased weights and decreased [3H] estradiol retention of uterus, vagina and pituitary in the ovariectomized rat.

Ovariectomized rats given 100 mug dexamethasone per day for 5 days had significantly heavier dry weights for uterus, vagina and pituitary, indicating a growth promoting activity of dexamethasone on these tissues in which estrogen normally promotes growth changes. The dexamethasone treated animals also retained significantly less [3H]estradiol per mug dry weight of tissue for uterus, vagina and pituitary. When[3H]estradiol retention was examined in vitro for the nuclear fraction, a significant decrease in retention was found for uterus, vagina and pituitary but not for hypothalamus or cerebral cortex. The decreased ability to bind [3H]estradiol, shown by the estrogen target tissues of the dexamethasone-treated rats, along with the increased growth of the estrogen target tissues, demonstrates that these tissues were able to show trophic responses even when greater levels were one-third of normal. Dexamethasone-treated animals tested for sexual receptivity in the presence or absence of progesterone priming did not show induction of facilitation of sexual receptivity. However, estrogen plus progesterone injections induced sexual receptivity in the presence of dexamethasone. When dexamethasone was combined with a dosage of estrogen, which by itself did not induce sexual receptivity, there was a significant response with 6 to 10 animals showing a low level of receptivity. Thus, dexamethasone can apparently synergize with estrogen to facilitate sexual receptivity.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Patterns of body weight change in rats following neonatal hormone manipulation: a "critical period" for androgen-induced growth increases.

The development of sexual behaviour and gonadal function is largely determined by the early postnatal hormone environment in the rat; testosterone propionate (TP) treatment in the neonatal female will stimulate development of predominantly masculine functional characteristics. On the other hand, removal of the testes from neonatal males results in feminization of these characteristics. It has been shown that an optimal neonatal steroid hormone environment is also essential for normal growth. We now report the effects of different doses of TP (10, 30, 90, or 270 mug) given on postnatal days 2, 3, 4, or 5 on growth as measured primarily by body weight. Only treatment in the 30-270 mug range on days 2 or 3 was effective in causing significant growth changes, however, these same doses caused sterility and impaired female sexual behaviour when given on days 4 or 5. Therefore, there appears to be a "critical period" before the fourth postnatal day when TP can affect processes leading to increased growth. Removal of the neonatal testes retards growth to the levels of the androgenized females. The ovaries of the female TP treated rats still have a restraining influence on growth since their removal produces an increment in body weight similar to, though not as great as, that of the normal ovariectomized rat. These findings suggest that neonatal TP administration may possibly reduce the responsiveness of rats to the growth depressing effect of ovarian steroids by action at a site functionally different from that producing sterility and impaired sexual behaviour.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1976

Postnatal development of the human temporomandibular joint. II. A microradiographic study.

Temporomandibular joint specimens from 22 subjects aged 1 month to 23 years were examined microradiographically. There occurred considerable interindividual variations in mineralization of the joints but nevertheless, systematic changes in mineralization were demonstrated during the periods of development and growth. A continuous compact bony layer formed early in the fossa and tubercle while the outer mineralized layer of the condyle consisted of calcified cartilage. A continuous bony layer around the periphery of the condyle was not fully developed before about 20 years of age. Growth of the articular tubercle was characterized by a spongy appearance of the bony layer over the tuberculum up to the end of puberty. No corresponding growth changes could be seen in the fossa. No mineralized parts could be seen in the disk or the fibrous layers of the articular surfaces.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

[Growth of the eye and pigment epithelium of the retina during postnatal development of rats].

By the weight changes, the rat's eye grows during the whole life, whereas its scleral sector with the area equal to that of pigment epithelium of the retina grows most intensively between the 2nd and 5th days after birth. During this period, its weight attains half of the value characteristic of the scleral sector for one year old rats. This period of growth of the scleral sector coincides with the previously established peak of proliferative activity and appearance of first binuclear cells in the pigment epithelium. From the 5th day till the 12th month after birth, the weight of scleral sector increases twice and its area 6 times. This suggests that the mechanical tension of the scleral sector walls is one of the factors of growth of this eye part. On the basis of comparison of the scleral sector growth, changes in proliferative activity and number of polyploid cells in the pigment epithelium of the central zone of fundus oculi, the following periodization of the life cycle of cell population of the pigment epithelium is proposed: (1) from birth till the 15th day--period of principal determination (the number of binuclear tetraploid cells attains 80%), (2) from the 15th day till, at least, the 5th month--period of stabilization, (3) after 5 months--period of senescence characterized by the accumulation of highly ploid tri- and tetranuclear cells; its lower limit is not clearly defined.

Aging↗

PubMed1976

A longitudinal study of morphological craniofacial patterns via P-A x-ray headfilms in cleft patients from birth to six years of age.

652 P-A X-ray headfilms of 51 unilateral cleft lip and palat, UCLP; 27 bilateral cleft lip and palate, BCLP; and 62 isolated cleft palate, CP were studied longitudinally at 0-3 months, 4-6 months, and annually from 1:0-6:0 years. Breadth change, height change, and growth direction of nine paired landmarks were investigated by means of the rectangular coordinate system with right to left zygomatico-frontal suture (Zf) point line as the X-axis and the perpendicular line to this X-axis at the mid-point between the right and left Zf points as the X-axis. Major findings were: (1) Study of Sphenoid body, interorbital, bizygomatico-frontal suture, and bizygomatic arch breadths showed that BCLP had a significantly broader face than either UCLP or CP. An apparent tendency to hypertelorism still remained at 6:0 in this group while UCLP and CP groups were both close to the Bolton Standards. (2) Nasal and maxillary bredths of BCLP and UCLP were significantly wider during the first year than in CP, but they showed only a slight growth change after the age of one year, compared to constant growth in CP. (3) All marked structural differences disappeared by 6:0 suggesting the effects of lip and/or palate surgery. (4) A slight cross-bite was found in UCLP and BCLP, but there was no such cross-bite in CP. (5) The effect of clefting was seen in mandibular dimensions where the bigonial notch was slightly broader than in non-cleft averages. (6) Upper facial height occlusal height, and posterior total facial height in each cleft group seemed to be larger than the Standard, though both maxillary height and gonial notch height approximated the Standard by 6:0 (7) From 0:3-6:0, there was no noteworthy difference among the cleft groups in either growth direction or facial symmetry of upper face and mandible. It was only in the mid-facial and dental areas that notable characteristics peculiar to the type of cleft were found. The landmarks of nasal aperture, maxilla, and dental arch showed a slight medial displacement on the affected side, although the degree and amount depended on the cleft-type.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1992

[A case of osteoma of the mandible].

Osteoma is a benign bone tumour with a very slow growth. In the maxillofacial district the paranasal sinuses and the mandible are more frequently involved. This type of tumour is clinically asymptomatic and the signs of its presence are due to the fact that its expansive and centrifugal growth changes the face features. The surgical operation has a double aim: to solve the aesthetic problem and to prevent complications. In fact, obstructions and compressions ab estrinseco may compromise the function of the nearest organs. The aim of our work has been to show a clinical case which is interesting from a clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic point of view.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Effects of parenteral nutrition on cell cycle kinetics in gastric cancer patients].

Studies were made on tumor growth changes by 1-week supplementary parenteral nutrition in undernourished advanced gastric cancer patients. Biopsy of the normal mucosa and cancerous tissue were taken through endoscope before and one week after parenteral nutrition and at the time of operation. Percentage of cells in various phases were analyzed by flow cytometry. The frequency of S and proliferative phases were markedly increased (P < 0.05) in cancerous tissue but not in the normal mucosa. These results demonstrate that a stimulating effect may be present in tumor cell kinetics and hence, the use of a cycle-specific chemotherapeutic agent is indicated.

Aneuploidy↗

PubMed1978

Effect of ovarectomy of females and oestrogen administration to males during the neonatal critical period on salt intake in adulthood in rats.

The effect of interference in the neonatal critical period on water and salt solution (3% NaCl) intake by adult rats given a free choice of these fluids was studied. Consumption was expressed per animal, per 100 g body weight and as the NaCl concentration in the total daily fluid intake volume [NaCl]I. Newborn female rats were ovarectomized or sham-ovarectomized. Ovarectomy markedly reduces consumption and [NaCl]I in adulthood and brought these values close to the values in normal males. Newborn male rats were injected with 1 mg oestradiol propionate dissolved in oil or just with oil. Oestradiol propionate severely inhibited growth, but produced no changes in fluid intake per animal. The [NaCl]I values were likewise unaltered, but owing to the lower body weight comsumption values per 100 g b.w. were higher in rats given oestradiol propionate than in those given oil. The relationship of the given growth changes to the regulation of salt intake and to hypothalamic function and its sexual correlates is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Synthesis and turnover of intracisternal A-particle structural protein in cultured neuroblastoma cells.

Synthesis and turnover of the main structural protein (P73) of intracisternal A-particles were studied in mouse neuroblastoma cells in tissue culture. Triton X-100:EDTA-insoluble pellets containing 95% of the A-particle antigen in the cells were prepared and analyzed by electrophoresis in Na dodecyl-SO4-minus polyacrylamide gels. A 73,000 molecular weight component was prominent in pellets from three lines of neuroblastoma which contain numerous A-particles and this component was identified as the A-particle structural protein P73. It was absent in pellets prepared from cells which do not contain A-particles. Incorporation of labeled amino acids into P73 represented approximately 1.2% of total cell incorporation and this proportion did not change when the cell growth changed from log phase to stationary phase. Label appeared P73 within 2 min after radioactive amino acids were added to the medium. Pulse-chase and inhibitor studies confirmed antigenic measurements in demonstrating that the pool of P73 not assembled into A-particles was small. Turnover studies showed that P73 gained and lost label more rapidly than the average cell protein. In one cell line which was thoroughly characterized, approximately 60% of the main A-particle protein was estimated to turn over in a 24-hour period. Although the cells released approximately 10% of the proteins synthesized into the culture fluid, A-particle protein did not appear to be released. Analysis of culture fluid failed to reveal A-particles, soluble A-particle proteins, or A-particle antigen. It appears, therefore, that the particles are relatively rapidly synthesized and degraded, and that turnover occurs entirely intracellularly.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

The role of the mandible in mouse palatal development revisited.

Growth changes associated with formation of the secondary palate were studied in H-Velaz mouse embryos by morphometric measurement of medial sagittal sections of the heads between days 13 and 15 of embryonic development. Horizontalization of the palatine processes depends primarily on the length of the mandible and is effected by a shift of palatine process material into the supralingual space. The administration of 7.5 mg cortisone acetate im to the female on day 12, of 0.5 mg 6-aminonicotinamide im on day 14, or amniocentesis on day 14 significantly retards growth of the embryo in general and of the mandible in particular without significantly affecting deflexion of the skull base. The different spatial conditions created by disproportion between deflexion of the base and the length of the mandible cause irregularities in the course of horizontalization which lead, as a rule, to cleft palate.

6-Aminonicotinamide↗

PubMed1978

[Modification of the tongue in the treatment of progenia].

The size, position and function of the tongue affect the surrounding jaw regions. In class III malocclusions where the tongue is involved, the treatment must be directed toward the correction of the function and the change in the oral volume proportions. These requirements are largely met by the functional prognathism appliance. Growth changes, increases in length of the upper dental arch, decreases in length of the lower dental arch and displacements of the mandible in a posterior direction were observed in the patients treated up to now.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1977

[Characteristics of the follicular epithelium in the fishes with demersal roe. Concerning the classification of unilaminate monomorphous follicular epithelium of the vertebrates].

Follicular epithelium of Hemichromis during the periods of small and slow oocyte growth changes from flattened prismatic into high prismatic; during the periods of fast oocyte growth, the follicular epithelial cells undergo secretory specialization. Secretion is of apocrine type and forms the second oocyte tunica. According to the literature data analyzed and the author's investigation, in the development of unilaminate monomorphous follicular epithelii, it should be distinguished: a) period of primary transformation with characteristic intensive proliferation of epithelial cells, their morphologic transformation, upward growth of epithelium and increase of its physiological activity; b) period of secondary transformation either at the expense of secondary follicular epithelial flattening, or by means of secretory specialization of its cells. It is suggested to name unilaminate monomorphous follicular epithelii in vertebrates according to their construction at the end of the primary and by the character of the secondary transformation. Thus, follicular epithelium of Hemichromis can be defined as highly prismatic with secondary specialization.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of growth and changes in the ultrafine structure of bacteria in the course of continuous cultivation on media containing ethanol].

A large number of bacterial strains assimilating chemical ethanol has been isolated using an original technique. Active growth of strains belonging to the genera Pseudomonas and, particularly, Acinetobacter was registered on mineral media containing ethanol. A mathematical model was constructed select a strain of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus K-9 during its continuous cultivation on media containing ethanol. The model makes it possible to determine conditions for producing a present amount of the biomass, the percentage of its yield, and the produc;iveness as a function of the dilution rate, temperature, and the concentration of ethanol and phosphoric acid in the medium. The main characteristics of the growth process in the studied factor space were established. The optimum conditions were calculated for growth of the strain with respect to each of the criteria. Under various conditions of bacterial growth, changes in the morphology and ultra-fine structure of the cells correlated with their physiological activity. The volume of the cells increased with the rate of dilution of the medium: the process can be described by a saturation curve. The presence of mesosomal structures is typical of the cells growing at low flow rates.

Acinetobacter↗

PubMed1978

Establishment of epithelial cell lines following exposure of cultured tracheal epithelium to 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate.

In vitro exposure of rat tracheal epithelium to the tumor-promoting agent 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate results in a marked increase in growth capacity. The growth changes are manifested in an increased rate of cell division and growth in primary cultures and in the establishment of permanent epithelial cell lines. Such changes did not occur in control cultures. Fourteen of the cell lines have been inoculated into immunosuppressed recipients, and all are nontumorigenic.

Animals↗