[Australian antigen and hepatitis infection while on duty].
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Cross Infection↗
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Results for “HEPATITIS, INFECTIONS”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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[Viral hepatitis infection and response to the hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialyzed patients].
Data from 219 hemodyalized patients receiving attention in our Hospital and other private centers in our city are shown. Mean age was 46.9 (range: 14-85), and 132 were male; mean time under dialysis was 20 months, and subjects received an average of 5 transfusions per patient year. Serological reactivity to HBs Ag, Anti HBs and IgG anti HBc by ELISA were investigated in all of them, and anti HCV by second generation enzimo-immunoassay (EIA II) in 73 HBe Ag/anti HBe system were determined in HBs Ag positive patients and those reactive to anti HCV (EIA II) were confirmed by LIA (immunoblotting of synthetic peptides LIA-TEK Organos Teknica). Recombinant anti HBV vaccine 40 mcg at 0-1 and six month were received by 81 cases without HBV markers in their sera and a protective response was considered when anti HBs titration of 10 mU/ml or more were obtained two months later. Prevalence for anti HBc and anti HBs were 38.8% respectively and that for HBs Ag was 21% with 78% of them reactive for HBs Ag. True reactivity for anti HCV (confirmed by LIA) was present in 35.6%, but it was 9.7% in our Hospital and 54.8% in private units (p < 0.0002). Anti HBs titration was done in 69/81 patients who received anti HBV vaccine, and a protective response in 49% were obtained; the other 12 patients underwent acute hepatitis B during the vaccination period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
Risk behaviours for HIV and hepatitis infection among anabolic-androgenic steroid users.
This study examined HIV and hepatitis risk behaviours among anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) users and controls, providing a detailed assessment of both injection and sexual practices. Fifty AAS-using and 40 non-AAS-using weight trainers completed a semi-structured interview followed by a detailed questionnaire. The 'high risk' behaviour of sharing needles and syringes was not current practice among the AAS-using sample, with only one user reporting sharing injecting equipment in the past. However, for some users it was common practice to share multi-dose vials (19%) and to divide drugs using syringes (17%). Both these practices are potential routes for HIV and hepatitis infection. Significantly more AAS users (36%) reported increases in sex drive over the last three months than did the control subjects (5%). More AAS users than controls were engaging in sex with more than one partner while infrequently using condoms. These findings support the maintenance of needle exchange schemes which are essential to continued safe injecting practices among AAS users. The elevated sexual risk behaviour of AAS users could be due to AAS's effect of increasing sex drive or to a 'risk taking' personality trait among AAS users.
Adolescent↗
The effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin as a trigger for hepatic infection of rabbits with Fusobacterium necrophorum.
To evaluate the effects of endotoxin in hepatic infection with Fusobacterium necrophorum, rabbits were given several combinations of F. necrophorum and Escherichia coli endotoxin. Severe hepatic necrosis with multiplication of F. necrophorum was induced by inoculation of endotoxin via the bile duct and following inoculation of both endotoxin and F. necrophorum. Inoculation with F. necrophorum alone, preceded by inoculation of endotoxin via the bile duct, also induced hepatic necrosis, whereas rabbits which received a single inoculation of endotoxin or F. necrophorum had only slight necrotic lesions. The pathogenetic mechanism of experimental hepatic infection with F. necrophorum is discussed.
Animals↗
Classification and sequencing of hepatitis D virus from a large cohort of chronically infected individuals paired with co-infecting hepatitis B virus sequencing: a genomic characterisation study.
BACKGROUND: The most severe form of viral hepatitis is caused by co-infection of hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Phylogenetic analyses classify HBV and HDV into eight major genotypes: HBV GTA to GTH and HDV GT1 to GT8. Paired HBV and HDV sequencing data from participants with chronic hepatitis delta are scarce. We aimed to sequence and genotype HDV and HBV from a large cohort of participants from clinical studies and diverse countries of origin. METHODS: 407 participants with chronic hepatitis D from 24 countries were characterised (124 participants from MYR301 clinical trial, 93 from MYR204, 114 from MYR202, and an additional 76 participants from diverse geographical locations). HBV and HDV from participants were analysed using sequencing, enzyme immunoassay, or both to determine HBV and HDV genotypes. BLAST analysis and phylogenetics were used to determine HBV and HDV genotypes with reference sequence libraries. Bulevirtide treatment response (measured by HDV RNA decline and normalisation of alanine aminotransferase) was compared by genotype for MYR trial participants. FINDINGS: HDV sequencing assays were successful for 386 (95%) of 407 participants and HBV sequencing or serology-based HBV genotyping assays were successful for genotyping 395 (97%) participants. For individual genotypes, HBV GTD (336 [83%] participants) and HDV GT1 (364 [89%]) were the most prevalent. For paired HBV-HDV genotypes, HBV-HDV D/1 was most common (320 [79%] of 407) followed by A/1 (30 [7%]). Phylogenetic analyses of HDV full-genome sequences showed distinct clusters of sequences within HDV GT1, and four novel provisional HDV GT1 subgenotypes, HDV GT1fp to HDVGT1ip, were identified. For 218 MYR clinical trial participants, bulevirtide treatment response was similar across HDV GT1 subgenotypes (both established and newly identified). INTERPRETATION: Novel HDV subgenotypes identified in this study indicate a greater genetic diversity of HDV GT1 than previously recognised. This knowledge will be important for developing better diagnostics, and in understanding HDV genotype-specific biology and response to treatment. More extensive HDV sequencing from under-sampled regions, such as Africa, is needed to determine the true breadth of HDV sequence and genotype diversity. FUNDING: Gilead Sciences.
Hepatitis Delta Virus↗
[Tolbutamide in murine hepatic infections by MHV-3 virus (mouse hepatitis virus)].
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Animals↗
Study of serum transaminases in hepatic diseases with particular reference to infective hepatitis.
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Adolescent↗
Acute pericarditis and renal failure complicating acute hepatitis A infection.
Hepatitis A infection may result in acute hepatitis, and rarely, fulminant hepatitis may ensue. Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis A are uncommon. The authors present the case of a 77-year-old male who had development of acute renal failure and pericarditis during the clinical course of acute hepatitis A infection. He died as a result of septic shock on the fifth day of hospitalization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of both these rare and serious complications appearing in the same patient.
Acute Disease↗
[The problem of hepatitis infection in dentistry].
The incidence of hepatitis B is increasing all over the world. The parenteral route of infection is one of the principal. A considerable number of cases are caused by infection of patients at therapeutic institutions, including dental clinics. Medical workers are at risk of the infection, too. One main cause is neglect of sanitary antiepidemic measures: manipulations without gloves, veils, protective eyeglasses; lack of disposable instruments, poor cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization of hardware. Awareness and alertness of medical personnel is an important factor. Since dental care is a most prevalent kind of medical service, urgent measures are needed to decrease the risk of nosocomial infection with hepatitis for both patients and staff.
Cross Infection↗
Hepatitis infection in immunocompromised patients.
The current literature fails to address the long-term course of hepatitis infection in the immunocompromised patient, in large part because of the characteristically slow progression of this disease. An overview of the literature available fails to demonstrate evidence that immunosuppression per se promotes progression of hepatitis. In fact, many studies document a relatively low incidence of chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis in immunocompromised patients; however, properly designed, prospective studies of sufficient numbers of patients with long-term follow-up are not available. Thus, no reliable conclusions are possible at this time.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Correlation of e antigen, DNA polymerase activity, and Dane particles in chronic benign and chronic active type B hepatitis infections.
The e determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBS Ag) was found in 23 of 42 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Presence of e antigen was associated with increases in DNA polymerase activity and in the number of circulating Dane particles. In the group with detectable e antigen, the average DNA polymerase activity was 367+/-78 counts per minute (cpm; mean+/-standard error [SE]), and the average number of Dane particles counted in electron micrographs was 4.4% of the total HBS Ag. In contrast, e antigen-negative patients had an average DNA polymerase activity of 40+/-6.9 cpm (P less than 0.1) and an average Dane particle count equal to 0.6% of the HBS Ag. The e antigen was detected in 68% of patients who were HBS Ag carriers or had persistent viral hepatitis and 40% of those with chronic active type B hepatitis. Thus, the presence of e antigen correlated with both the chronicity and presence of infectious HBV. However, it did not correlate with the type or severity of liver disease after HBV infection, since e antigen was present in both chronic benign and chronic aggressive hepatitis B infections.
Adult↗
Assessment of platelet activation in coupled schistosomiasis and viral hepatitis infection: contribution to complexity of course and development of complications.
This study assessed platelet activation and its possible contribution to the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis (LC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Forty-five patients with LC caused by dual schistosomiasis and viral hepatitis infections were enrolled in the study, 15 had LC only, 15 were complicated with HCC, and 15 were complicated with PVT, in addition to 15 healthy controls. Platelet morphological parameters including platelet count, platelet crit, mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW), as well as platelet activation as evidenced by measuring soluble platelet selectin (sP-selectin) level and the release of beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) and platelet derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA) were evaluated. The results obtained revealed significant reduction in platelet count, platelet crit and MPV while PDW was significantly increased in all LC patients in comparison to controls. sP-selectin, beta-TG, TGF-beta1 & PDGF-AA revealed significant increase in all diseased groups when compared to control group. Patients complicated with HCC or PVT demonstrated significant increase in the aforementioned parameters in comparison to patients with LC only. Patients with PVT showed significant increase versus HCC patients. These findings indicate that platelet activation is a prominent feature in LC and its serious complications HCC & PVT. This activation can play an important role in the pathogenesis of LC, HCC & PVT in patients with mixed schistosomiasis and viral hepatitis infections. Such patients need careful medical attention and effective treatment. Stabilization of the activated platelets and the dual suppression of PDGF & TGF-beta1 could be new therapeutic strategies against LC and its sequels.
Adult↗
Familial cluster of fulminant hepatitis A infection.
Hepatitis A virus is a common cause of a self-limited liver disease. Fulminant hepatitis is a rare complication of acute hepatitis A infection. We report a small epidemic of three consecutive fulminant hepatitis A infections in three previously healthy siblings. This is the first report of a cluster of fulminant hepatitis A.
Acute Disease↗
Rosiglitazone in diabetes control in hemodialysis patients with and without viral hepatitis infection: effectiveness and side effects.
OBJECTIVE: Thiazolidinedione (TZD) may provide an additional benefit of cardiovascular protection in diabetic patients through targeting of insulin resistance. However, use of a TZD is hampered by possible effects of fluid retention and hepatotoxicity. In this study we aimed to determine whether the risk of TZD-induced fluid retention or hepatic injury is higher in hemodialysis patients with persistent viral hepatitis infection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective, cohort study on hemodialysis patients. Type 2 diabetic patients with A1C levels of >8% were followed for at least 12 months. Rosiglitazone was initiated at 2-4 mg/day. The primary outcome was the target A1C (<7%) achieved and dosages of rosiglitazone. Secondary outcomes included changes in lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers. Safety evaluations were number of hypoglycemic episodes, changes in liver transaminase levels, cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), fluid status control during dialysis, and events of symptomatic heart failure. RESULTS: A total of 78 patients, including 15.4% (n = 12) hepatitis B surface antigen-positive and 16.7% (n = 13) anti-hepatis C virus (HCV)-positive patients, were enrolled. The mean follow-up period was 15.4 +/- 3.8 months. The diabetic response rate (A1C <7%) to rosiglitazone was 86.1%. The serum triglyceride level was reduced (194 +/- 112.5 to 168 +/- 88 mg/dl, P = 0.037) more significantly than the total cholesterol level (178 +/- 42.1 to 174 +/- 46.5 mg/dl, P = 0.13). High-dose rosiglitazone (8 mg/day) reduced the serum level of C-reactive protein and increased the serum adiponectin level significantly. After rosiglitazone, interdialysis weight gain (2.07 +/- 1.6 to 3.2 +/- 1.2 kg, P < 0.01) and mean CTR (48.2 +/- 5.6 to 50.4 +/- 6.2%, P = 0.0213) of individuals increased significantly. Nevertheless, liver aminotransferase (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) levels did not show a tendency to increase in patients (n = 25) with viral hepatitis B or C infections. CONCLUSIONS: Among regular hemodialysis patients with chronic viral hepatitis infections, rosiglitazone may be safely used for diabetes control. However, one must be aware that a possible effect of its use is a deterioration in cardiovascular reserve.
C-Reactive Protein↗
Blood coagulations studies in pregnant patients with infective hepatitis.
Coagulation studies were made on 22 pregnant women with acute infective hepatitis and on 15 normal control pregnant women in third trimester. Fourteen hapatitis patients had clinical evidence of liver failure and all of them had a haemorrhagic diathesis; none of the patients without liver failure showed clinical evidence of haemostatic defects. Coagulopathy was present in most patients, its severity being greater in those with hepatic failure. Significant alterations were observed in bleeding time, whole blood clotting time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, plasma fibrinogen and serum levels of fibrinogen degradation products. The last three disturbances were most frequent in patients with liver failure. Increased fibrinolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation also appeared to play a contributory role, particularly in patients with hepatic failure.
Adolescent↗
Porphyrin metabolism in hepatitis C infection.
Hepatitis C virus has been implicated as a major precipitating factor in porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). To determine whether hepatitis C infection alone is sufficient to induce PCT, we screened two groups of patients with hepatitis C infection. The first group comprised women who had become HCV positive secondary to immunization with anti-D immunoglobulin (group 1). Group 2 included males and females who were HCV positive but HIV negative secondary to intravenous drug abuse. Though both groups had very abnormal liver function tests, we found no significant abnormalities in porphyrin metabolism in these groups of patients. Therefore, in this study population, we conclude that HCV infection alone is insufficient to cause porphyrin metabolic derangement.
Adolescent↗
Blood coagulation in patients with acute infections hepatitis in India.
Coagulation studies were performed in 61 patients of acute infective hepatitis. 18 with clinical signs of liver failure had bleeding and all succumbed. The 47 patients without liver failure showed no haemorrhagic diathesis and all of them had uneventful recovery. Though coagulopathy was present in most of the patients, the severity and frequency of coagulation defects were more in those with signs of hepatic failure. Hypofibrinogenemia, elevated serum fibrinogen degradation products and accelerated euglobulin lysis were conspicuous in patients with hepatic failure. It appears that while diminished synthesis of coagulation factors is the main basis for coagulopathy in patients without hepatic failure, additional factors like local or disseminated intravascular coagulation and increased fibrinolysis also contribute significantly to the coagulopathy in cases of liver failure.
Acute Disease↗
Vaccines for neonatal viral infections: hepatitis B vaccine.
In many parts of the world, intervention in the neonatal period is required for prevention of hepatitis B virus infection and its consequences.
Hepatitis B↗