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PubMedDate not supplied

[The participation of hospital pharmacy services in enteral nutrition].

We present the results of a study done in the departments of hospital pharmacy of our country with the aim of knowing their participation in the use and clinical follow up of patients with enteral nutrition. 293 questionnaires were sent out, and 121 were filled out and returned (41.3%). The responses were classified into three groups, according to the number of hospital beds, considering > or = 1000 (large), 500-1000 (medium), and < or = 500 (small). The data were analyzed by means of a statistical program (R-Sigma Horus). 79% (68) of the small hospitals have a unitary dose drug dispensation system, and the Enteral Nutrition was distributed through this system in 53% (50) of them; only 29% (27) of them have a stock of these preparations on the wards. 93% (14) and 65% (54) of the large and small hospitals respectively, prefer the use of enteral nutrition as opposed to parenteral nutrition. 85% (11) of the large hospitals have protocols for the use of enteral nutrition, this being 62% (10) and 59% (47) in medium and small hospitals. The committees for artificial nutrition are present in 75% of the large hospitals, in addition to which, in 66% of these there is a nutritional support team. A pharmacist from the department of pharmacy participates in both multidisciplinary groups. If it is necessary to manipulate the enteral nutrition preparations, in 30% of the departments of pharmacy of the smaller hospitals, this is centralized, being done by personnel of the department itself; in 59% of them (19) there is a specific area for the elaboration, which is not the case in large hospitals. Drugs are mixed with the enteral nutrition in 25% (1), 12% (1), and 9% (4) of the large, medium and small hospitals respectively. There is great, active participation of the hospital pharmacists in the activities of the multidisciplinary nutritional support systems, although at the present time, the involvement of the departments of pharmacy in the centralization of the manipulation of the enteral nutrition is reduced. It is necessary therefore, to implement the development of enteral nutrition programs with a quality guarantee from the departments of pharmacy.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed1978

Personnel requirements for improving services in a hospital pharmacy.

Pharmacy services at Boston Hospital for Women were made to meet 1976 JCAH pharmacy standards. Changes made in the pharmacy program are described, comparing the average amount of staff hours per week devoted to various pharmacy activities in 1974 and 1976. Activities are broken down into four major areas: administration, distribution of drugs, preparation of drugs and clinical programs. The clinical role of the pharmacist and updating of programs and operating procedures has been a major consideration in making changes.

Boston↗
PubMed2003

[Infrared spectrophotometry: a versatile analytical tool in hospital pharmacy].

Pharmacy services in healthcare facilities have increasing analytical needs, as frequently recalled by good practices guidelines (hospital pharmacy good practices, hospital pharmaceutical preparations good practices). Various analytical methods can be employed, from spot tests to the most recent chromatographic methods. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate, with two concrete examples, the versatility and pertinence of one of these analytical methods: infrared spectrophotometry. We describe two current applications, used in a hospital pharmacy service: identification of pharmaceutical raw material and dose control of cytotoxic injectable preparations.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical pharmacy services in hospitals educating pharmacy students.

In 1995 we conducted a national survey of 1102 acute care hospitals in the United States to determine types of clinical pharmacy services, patient-focused care, and pharmaceutical care used to educate and train pharmacy students, and compared outcomes with surveys in 1989 and 1992. Clinical pharmacy services offered in 50% or more of Pharm.D.-affiliated hospitals (core services) were drug-use evaluation, in-service education, pharmacokinetic consultations, adverse drug reaction management, drug therapy monitoring, protocol management (most common for aminoglycosides, nutrition, antibiotics, heparin, warfarin, theophylline), nutrition team, and drug counseling. Comprehensive pharmaceutical care programs were established in 64%, 42%, and 33% of Pharm.D., B.S., and nonteaching hospitals, respectively. Patient-focused care programs were beginning or established in 77%, 71%, and 60%, respectively. Pharmacists served as care team leaders in 23% of hospitals affiliated with a college of pharmacy. Most common ambulatory care clinics were oncology, anticoagulation, diabetes, geriatrics, refill, and infectious diseases/HIV. For-profit hospitals rarely provided education for pharmacy students. Thus patient-focused and comprehensive pharmaceutical care programs exist according to a hospital's academic program affiliation with Pharm.D. or B.S. degree program.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between intensity of hospital services and pharmacy workload.

The relationship between hospital census variables and pharmacy department workload was studied; intensity, which measures services provided per hospitalized patient per day, was used as the workload indicator. Quarterly data on inpatient pharmacy workload and hospital census were statistically analyzed for 1981 through 1985. Number of patient days, number of admissions, average length of stay (LOS), and pharmacy work units were examined. A work unit was one unit of inpatient pharmacy activity, such as one order for oral medication or one i.v. admixture; clinical services were excluded. Intensity was defined as the number of work units per patient day. Intensity as a function of intensive-care-unit (ICU) patient days was also analyzed. The number of pharmacy work units per quarter more than doubled from 1981 to 1985, while the number of admissions remained relatively constant. The average LOS decreased from 8.4 days in 1981 to 6.3 days in 1985, and the number of patient days decreased 27%. Quarterly workload intensity increased from 1.4 to 4.37 over the five-year period. Statistical analysis showed a strong inverse relationship between intensity and average LOS; LOS accounted for 92% of the variability in intensity. The number of ICU patient days, which increased 21%, had a significant effect on pharmacy workload; 30% of the variation in pharmacy workload was explained by ICU days. Intensity measures are useful in predicting pharmacy department workload.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1997

Robots hooked on drugs. Robotic automation expands pharmacy services.

Hospitals are not known for automating labor-intensive tasks but robots are just beginning to make inroads in health-care. The first--and still only--robot grew from a class assignment to use an established technology in a new growth industry. The established technology was bar coding; the industry health-care; and the result a robotic device for the hospital pharmacy.

Electronic Data Processing↗