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PubMed2001

Hospice volunteer training for health science students: an academic medical center-hospice community partnership.

Within the academic medical center providing interdisciplinary, experiential, longitudinal, and mentored learning experiences for students regarding hospice/end-of-life care is a considerable challenge. This article describes an innovative course for medical, nursing, and social work students taught as a partnership among the departments of family medicine, medical history/ethics and three community hospice programs. The goals of the course are: (1) understanding the hospice philosophy of care; (2) understanding that hospice care is an interdisciplinary team process; and (3) development of the caregiver skills of self-reflection as a form of self-knowledge while participating in the care of terminally ill patients. Achieving these goals is challenging for students (especially medical students) and faculty but highly rewarding. The development, implementation and evolution over the past 3 years of this hospice volunteer training course are discussed.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2005

Seroprevalence of varicella antibodies in healthcare workers and health sciences students. Reliability of self-reported history of varicella.

The objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of varicella antibodies in healthcare workers and students of healthcare professions and to determine the validity of the self-reported varicella history for detecting susceptible subjects. Personnel of a general hospital and students were recruited and a 5 mL blood sample was obtained from all participants. A case report form, including previous self-reported history of varicella, was completed. A total of 91 healthcare workers (mean age, 30.6 years; S.D., 4.0; range, 23-40) and 92 students (mean age, 19.8 years; S.D., 2.5; range, 18-25) were recruited. The prevalence of varicella antibodies was 91.2% in healthcare workers and 92.1% in students. Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of a self-reported history of varicella were 68.4%, 66.7%, 95.4% and 17.2%, respectively. The preferred approach in these groups at risk of varicella will be to undergo serologic testing before immunization in those with negative or unknown history of varicella.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A variable structure, less resource intensive modification of problem-based learning for pharmacology instruction to health science students.

A less resource intensive but more structured modification of problem-based learning was developed to teach pharmacology to pharmacy students in classes of 90 students. The method utilizes an active learning tool developed from cognitive science and cognitive learning theory. This case-based approach was developed to address the need to teach problem-solving skills to relatively large classes while conserving faculty and other resources. The method involves students working through cases in small groups according to a prescribed format. Groups are chosen at random to present the case to the whole class followed by open but structured discussion. Students bring recommended texts to class and groups are asked to answer questions relating to the material in the case, or to determine how the way their approach to the case would differ if patient parameters or medications in the case were altered utilizing the required texts. Each class begins with a short 1-min quiz on the fact-based material to be discussed that day and ends with a wrap-up of critical issues or principles learned. Continual probing of "what" and "why" characterizes each class meeting. Examinations are predominately open book and follow the same format as the in class cases. Learning outcomes for each general topic are provided at the beginning of the semester. Although the method does require students to learn pharmacology "facts", it places the facts within the context of application to practice. Rather than memorizing lists of side effects, for example, the format requires utilizing the side effects list and information about them to appropriately counsel the patient on how to deal with each and/or to suggest modifications in the therapy. Since implementing this method in an endocrine pharmacology course, student performance on problem-solving examinations has improved. Additionally, student evaluation of the method is extremely positive.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of an educational game for health sciences students.

An educational game was developed to promote student problem solving in the context of small group, problem-based learning (PBL). This study evaluated the game's effects on hypothesis and issue generation in PBL. Students in the Year III PBL course of a BScN program (N = 131) were stratified by program status and then randomly assigned to groups of 9 to 11 people per group. Half of the groups were randomly assigned to use the game (G); the remaining groups used the conventional method (CM) of generating issues and hypotheses. The G and CM groups crossed over for Term II. A Term I posttest demonstrated G groups had a higher proportion of accurate responses (85%) than CM groups (74%). A Term II posttest demonstrated no important differences between G and CM groups, suggesting the educational impact of the game persisted after students stopped using it. Strengths and limitations of the game as a learning aid also are addressed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Oral health knowledge and behavior among male health sciences college students in Kuwait.

BACKGROUND: Health auxiliary personnel have an important role in oral health promotion when they graduate and start working in the health care system. This study aims to find out oral health knowledge and oral health behavior of male Health Sciences College students. METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed to all students at the male Health Sciences College in Kuwait (N = 153) during the academic year 2001/2002. The students filled the anonymous questionnaire in the class after the lecture. The response rate was 84% (n = 128). The questions consisted information on the general background, oral health behavior and oral health knowledge. RESULTS: Oral health knowledge seemed to be limited and very few background factors were associated with it. More than half of the students had visited a dentist during the previous 12 months, but only one third of students were brushing twice a day or more often. CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that the male Health Sciences College students seemed to have appropriate knowledge on some oral health topics, but limited knowledge on the others. Their toothbrushing practices are still far behind the international recommendation (twice a day) and also the knowledge, why it should be done so frequently also very limited.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

[Use of psychoactive drugs by health sciences undergraduate students at the Federal University in Amazonas, Brazil].

A survey was conducted with 521 undergraduate health sciences students from the Federal University in Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil. Lifetime alcohol consumption was reported by 87.7% students, as compared to 30.7% for tobacco, with the latter reported more frequently by males (39.7%). The most common illicit drugs were solvents (11.9%), marijuana (9.4%), amphetamines and anxiolytics (9.2% each), cocaine (2.1%), and hallucinogens (1.2%). The main reason for illicit drug use was curiosity. Lifetime use of anabolic steroids was reported by 2.1% of the students. Alcohol abuse in the previous 30 days was reported by 12.4% of the students. Events following drinking included: fights (4.7%), accidents (2.4%), classroom absenteeism (33.7%), and job absenteeism (11.8%). Another important finding was that 47.3% of students drove after drinking. Opinions on drug abuse and patterns agree with those from similar studies in other regions of Brazil.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Hepatitis A and B seropositivity among medical students.

OBJECTIVE: Health science students are commonly exposed to some infectious agents, including hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), which may cause substantial morbidity and even deaths. The identification of prevalence and risk factors is essential for implementing efficacious preventive measures. A serological survey was performed among medical students of Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty to determine the prevalence of antibodies against HAV and HBV, and, as a secondary objective, to determine risk factors for acquisition of these infections. METHODS: Nearly all students were included in the study. All participants completed a structured questionnaire that assessed demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Anti-HAV IgG, anti-HBc IgG, HbsAg and anti-HBs were tested using commercially available Elisa kits. RESULTS: A total of 247 students, 146 (59.1%) male and 101 (40.9%) female, were included in the study. The prevalence of anti-HAV IgG was detected as 64%. Number of siblings and place of residence were detected as independent factors affecting the anti-HAV seropositivity. The prevalence of anti-HBc IgG was detected as 7.3%. Among the students positive for anti-HBc IgG, 5 (2%) students were HBsAg positive and the other 13 (5.3%) were anti-HBs positive. HBV infection in household members, risky sexual behaviour and vaccination were independent factors affecting the prevalence of anti-HBc IgG positivity. CONCLUSIONS: The high susceptibility of medical students and their increased risk of clinical HAV and HBV infection identify a need for primary prevention through the administration of vaccination in this group in western Turkey.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Relationship between consumer food safety knowledge and reported behavior among students from health sciences in one region of Spain.

A survey was conducted to investigate the relationship between knowledge about food safety and actual food handling practices among Spanish university students (mainly from the health sciences disciplines) who usually prepare meals at home. Based on level of education in food safety topics, students were divided in three groups: high, which included students from Food Science and Nutrition; medium, which included students from other health sciences; and low, which included students from non-health-related studies. More than two thirds of the 562 people selected had an accurate knowledge of the eight foodborne pathogens included in the survey, but only 5.2% were able to identify Staphylococcus aureus as a foodborne pathogen. Significant differences in responses were found depending on educational level concerning the food safety topic. For food handling, up to 60% of the responses reflected accurate knowledge of proper storage of prepared meals and washing of hands and materials to avoid cross-contamination. However, with the exception of questions related to storage temperature, there was considerable difference between knowledge and reported behavior. Although 98.6% of the participants recognized the importance of hand washing before and during food preparation, only one quarter (24.4%) affirmed that they washed their hands with soap and water. On questions concerning food practices, more accurate answers were given by the older students. Women answered questions regarding cross-contamination more accurately, whereas men were more accurate in response to questions concerning temperature and food preservation. In general, students with more knowledge of food hygiene had better reported practices, but even these students reported some high-risk behaviors. These results confirm the need to improve educational programs, ensuring that the acquired knowledge actually modifies consumer behavior.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Student satisfaction with technology-enhanced learning.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine student satisfaction with technology-enhanced learning through a survey of nursing and health science students. Satisfaction generally was high, and there were few differences between nursing and health science students, or between undergraduate and graduate students. Faculty expertise in the creation, selection, and use of the technology is a major factor influencing student satisfaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Observations on a rural health manpower project.

The Rural Externship Program was developed by the Lakes Area Regional Medical Program in conjunction with the State University of New York at Buffalo and the health professionals of western New York and northwestern Pennsylvania. It was designed to encourage health science students to practice in a rural area following graduation. This interdisciplinary program provides health science students with an eight-week summer living-working experience in a rural environment, supervised by practitioner-preceptors. The intent is to develop their appreciation of rural health care and life-styles. Since the summer of 1970, 240 students have participated. This paper describes and discusses the project and presents measures of the externs' changes in attitudes toward rural practice which occurred after they participated in the program. A survey of externs who have graduated shows the effect of the program on their decision to locate. Of the 61 externs contacted, 55 percent indicated that they were in rural practice, and 53 percent of the latter indicated that their experience in the Rural Externship Program was an important factor in their decision to practice in a rural area.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

Health professional students' occupational exposures to blood-borne pathogens: primary and secondary prevention strategies.

Health science students, along with the health professionals they hope to become, are at increased risk for certain occupational injuries and illnesses. One of these risks is occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis, which may result in severe illnesses or even death. Two case studies demonstrate postexposure care of exposed individuals at the University of Texas Medical Branch Student Health Services before and after policy changes and prevention strategies were strengthened in response to exposure incidents.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed2003

Computer and internet use by first year clinical and nursing students in a Nigerian teaching hospital.

BACKGROUND: The internet is an important source of up-to-date medical information. Although several studies in different countries have explored the extent to which health science students use the computer and the internet, few researches are available on this subject in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to assess the uptake of computer and internet by health science students studying in the country. METHODS: One hundred and eighty three first year medical and nursing students of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, completed a-25 item questionnaire during routine Library Orientation Program in the medical library. The EPI-Info software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean ages for medical students and the student nurses were 22 and 24.6 years respectively. Overall, 42.6% of the entire sample could use the computer, 57.4% could not. While more than half (58%) of the medical students are computer literate, majority (75.9%) of the student nurses are not. Slightly more than two thirds (60.7%) of the entire students had ever used the internet, 33. 9% had not. E-mail was the most popular of internet services used by the students (76.4%) and the cyber café was the common place where students had accessed these services. The students' mean scores on a 15-point perceived self-efficacy scale for internet-related tasks was 3.8 for medical and 0.7 for nursing students (p = 0.00). Students who are computer literate had superior mean scores (4.8) than those without (0.6) (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: First year clinical and nursing students in Ibadan Nigeria have not fully utilised the opportunity that the use of computer and internet offer for medical education. Improved efforts such as inclusion of computer education in medical and nursing curricular and establishment of computer laboratories are required to increase the student's access to computers and internet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Undergraduate medical education in geriatrics: nursing home experience.

Preclinical medical students undertook an elective course in geriatrics which combined instruction in history taking, physical diagnosis, and problem-oriented assessment of elderly patients in a nursing home. A drug utilization review and specific drug therapy plans were formulated by pharmacy students. The project identified general problems susceptible to institutional as well as individual remedy. The students were led beyond their initial preoccupation with "physical complaints" to interest in pertinent psychological, social, and economic factors. A model of geriatric education for health science students can productively link the health science center and community nursing homes with benefits for the student, the patient, and the nursing home.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Euthanasia education for health professionals in Turkey: students change their opinions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of euthanasia education on the opinions of health sciences students. It was performed among 111 final year students at the College of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey. These students train to become paramedical professionals and health technicians. Fifteen hours of educational training concerning ethical values and euthanasia was planned and the students' opinions about euthanasia were sought before and after the course. Statistical analyses of the data were performed with the related samples t-test by means of the Epi-Info program. Significant changes were shown in the students' opinions on people's right to decide about their own life, euthanasia in unconscious patients, and reasons for their objection to euthanasia after completing the course. The results of this study suggest that education can significantly change a person's approach to euthanasia.

Adult↗