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PubMed1977

[Analysis of the discriminative capacity of hematological tests used in the diagnosis of sideropenia and microcythemia].

The significance of haematological tests has been measured on a statistical base. The purpose of such an inquiry is the simplification of diagnosing thalassemia and sideropenia. A pilot research has been performed on a sample of 10 thalassemic male subjects and 14 female subjects, 10 male subjects and 14 sideropenic female subjects compared with the same number of "normal" subjects of two sexes. This research has pointed the particular sensibility of some tests. There are reasons to consider best tests, in the order, HbA2, Hcv, MCHb for discrimination between "normal" and "thalassemic" and "sideropenic" subjects; Sideremia, Hb, GR for that between "normal" and "sideropenic" subjects. By combining such tests one obviously obtains more reliable results. Combination of tests Hb, Sideremia, GR appears a useful test for the classification of the subjects. Particularly we propose for the "double cases" the consideration of the test HbA2.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[External quality control of hematologic tests in the Czech Republic 1994-1996].

In 1994 in the Czech Republic external quality evaluation of haemograms was started. Quality was evaluated by sending control samples to laboratories and by comparing the results of their assessment with the correct value. A permitted range to results was assessed: for platelets 24%, for leucocyte 20% and for erythrocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 10%. The relative error of blood cell count was expressed by means of a coefficient of variance. The error declined during the period of evaluation, during the last cycle it was 4% for erythrocytes 8% for leucocytes and 10% for platelets. Assessment of haemoglobin was of all components of the haemorgram associated with the least error, assessment of the haematocrit was less successful. Least accurate were laboratories which use manual methods (success rate cca 70%), more successful were assessments made by semi-automatic analyzers for blood counts (85%), automatic analyzers were successful in 95%. The participating laboratories obtained certificates for well assessed parameters.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed1983

[Comparative studies of the analytical reliability of the results of various hematologic tests].

In connection with the implementation of new methods and apparatuses for the determination of hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, MCV, MCH, MCHC and leukocytes, the reproducibility was studied in series, compared with the arithmetical means and standard deviations and correlation analysis of the results was performed. Manual and automated, to various degrees, investigation methods were used. The reproducibility in hemoglobin determination was very good, with no significant differences between the means of the different methodical variants. The microhematocrit method provided a very good reproducibility for hematocrit, with significant differences in the means of the three methods used. The reproducibility of erythrocytes was between 1,09% and 2,34%. VK of leukocytes ranged from 2,0% to 5,73%. The differences between the means of the different methods for erythrocyte count and, in the majority of the cases, for leukocytes, allow the statistically significant comparability of the results. The best reproducibility from the mathematical indices of erythrocytes was obtained for MCHC. The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the methods compared in all parameters studied.

Hematologic Tests↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical reference values for laboratory hematology tests calculated using the iterative truncation method with correction: Part 1. Reference values for erythrocyte count, hemoglobin quantity, hematocrit and other erythrocyte parameters including MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW].

Age and sex dependent differences in the clinical reference values for erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin quantity (Hb), hematocrit (Ht) and other erythrocyte parameters including MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin), MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) and RDW (red cell distribution width), were calculated by the iterative truncation method with correction (Usui's method) using the results from tests on 6,300 patients' specimens obtained at Kyoto University Hospital. For RBC, Hb and Ht, the data obtained from the individuals below 13 years old showed the normal or sometimes log-normal distribution, but adjustment by the Xn-type variable transformation was often necessary to obtain the normal distribution for the data taken from the populations containing individuals over the age of 14. For the clinical reference values of RBC, Hb and Ht, no sex difference was observed below the age of 12. The values for males were significantly higher than those of females in the age range 13-79, and the values showed no significant sex-dependent difference at ages above 80. In females, age-dependent change of values for RBC, Hb and Ht was less prominent than in males; especially the upper limit values for females were very stable for all ages. MCV and MCH gradually increased with age both in males and females, and the MCHC remained constant in all age populations of male and female. The reference value for RDW was generated by the percentile method instead of the iterative truncation method because of the strong deviation in the distribution pattern, and the RDW values showed a gradual increase with age in both males and females.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

[Reference values for hematologic laboratory tests and hematologic disorders in the aged].

The establishment of reference values in the complete blood count and lymphocyte subsets for the aged is necessary for diagnosis and therapy since the number of the aged is increasing rapidly in recent years. However, it is problematical to define the healthy aged because of physiological changes with aging, compared with the healthy adults. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration(Hb) and hematocrit for the healthy aged showed the tendency of moderate decreasing with aging. These phenomena become more obvious by dividing the healthy aged into three groups, 65-74 years, 75-84 years and over 85 years. The mean corpuscular volume(MCV) for the healthy aged showed the tendency of increasing with aging, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration for the healthy aged showed no tendency with aging. No changes for the healthy aged were observed in the leukocyte differential, white blood cell count and platelet count with aging. Results of lymphocyte subsets(CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD4/CD8 ratio) for the healthy aged are not coincident among reporters at present because the healthy aged population is different and the determination of lymphocyte subsets is not standardized. It is important to diagnose as anemia below Hb 11.0 g/dL between 65 and 74 years, Hb 10.0 g/dL over 75 years using Hb level with high accuracy. Most of hematologic disorders in the aged are the secondary anemia based on malignant tumor. In the aged between MCV 95 and 120 fL or over MCV 120 fL, myelodysplastic syndrome or vitamin B12 deficiency is considered, respectively. In the future, more vertical study in the aged population is needed to establish the reference values for the aged.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Inflammatory reaction and laboratory tests: hematologic examination].

The leukocyte count, the differential leukocyte count and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are the more commonly used tests for diagnosing or managing an inflammatory process. Measurements of acute-phase proteins has an advantage over that of the leukocyte count and ESR. Especially microscopic examination of peripheral blood smear can be time consuming, but the simple and inexpensive technique is still clinically useful when a high grade bacteremia is likely to be present. Although the results are examiner dependent, it should be reliable in the proper clinical setting. In the guidelines for the selection of laboratory tests for monitoring the acute phase response, published in 1988, the International Committee for Standardization in hematology (ICSH) considered the biohazzard of ESR. Therefore the ESR should not routinely be performed on blood samples from patients who show a positive test for hepatitis virus or human immunodeficiency virus. The subcommittee for laboratory tests in daily care situations in Japan Society of Clinical Pathology published the "Essential Laboratory Tests" in 1989. We conclude that the differential leukocyte counts and the ESR should be used to follow the activity and response to treatment of certain inflammatory disorders when other objective indicators are not available.

Blood Sedimentation↗
PubMed1993

In vitro hematological testing of rotary blood pumps: remarks on standardization and data interpretation.

Pump test procedures using blood will have to meet several standards not only to obtain reliable results in vitro but also to allow comparison of results of different investigators. This article reviews some of the issues that should be considered in pump testing, especially referring to the discussions held at the International Workshops on Rotary Blood Pumps in 1988 and 1991. The test loop itself should meet some requirements such as constant physiological temperature, standardized circulating volume, control of pressure and flow, and exact definition of the blood-contacting surface. Specifications have to be made concerning the test fluid blood, including sampling technique, anticoagulation, blood gases, pH, and glucose level. Only fresh blood should be used. Heparin is recommended for anticoagulation because it will be used also in vivo. Different procedures for cleaning and rinsing of plastic materials for reuse are mentioned. Bacterial overgrowth, which can lead to extreme oxygen consumption and acidosis, may be avoided through addition of antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin). To be able to compare data of the different working groups, a new modified index of hemolysis (MIH) has been defined.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical reference values for laboratory hematology tests calculated using the iterative truncation method with correction: Part 2, Reference values for white blood cell (WBC) count, WBC differential including segmented neutrophil, band neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, platelet count and mean platelet volume].

Age and sex dependent differences in the clinical reference values for white blood cell(WBC) count, WBC differential including segmented neutrophils(SEG), band neutrophils(BAND), lymphocytes (LYMPH), monocytes(MONO), eosinophils(EOSINO), basophils(BASO), platelet count(PLT) and mean platelet volume(MPV) were calculated by the iterative truncation method with correction(Usui's method) using the result from tests on 6,300 patient specimens obtained at Kyoto University Hospital. WBC counts exhibited log-normal distribution in all age either in male and female. PLT counts and MPV showed normal or log-normal distribution. WBC differential (SEG, BAND, LYMPH, MONO, EOSINO, BASO) usually showed log-normal distribution. As to the reference value for WBC, high limit values gradually decreased in the age range of 5-14 year old in males and females. After 15 year old, it gradually increased and reached adult's level. Low limit values for WBC gradually decreased with age both in males and females. The reference value for SEG showed similar change to WBC. The reference value for LYMPH gradually decreased age both in males and females. The reference values for BAND, MONO, EOSINO, BASO were generated by the percentile method instead of the iterative truncation method because of the strong deviation in the distribution pattern. BAND, MONO and BASO values were very stable for all ages in males and females. High limit values for EOSINO in the age range of 5-10 year old in males and females remained constant, and gradually decreased in 10-20 year old, and were stable at ages above 20 year old. PLT counts gradually decreased with age, and the MPV remained constant in all age populations both in male and female.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biological consequences of occupational exposure to elementary mercury in light of hematologic tests].

Principal haematological tests in peripheral blood, non-specific phosphatases and myeloperoxidase in granulocytes were determined in a group of 89 males occupationally exposed to the elementary mercury during manufacture of chlorine. Examined males were employed for 2-26 years. Blood mercury levels did not exceed 50 micrograms per l-1. The obtained results indicate that low concentrations of the elementary mercury in the environment do not produce significant abnormalities in both quantitative and qualitative picture of peripheral blood but markedly inhibit neutrophil non-specific phosphatases activity.

Adult↗