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PubMed2003

Pulmonary oedema in Swedish hunting dogs.

A syndrome of acute dyspnoea after hunting in 16 Swedish hunting dogs is characterised. Radiographic pulmonary infiltrates interpreted as pulmonary oedema were found in the acute stage. In 12 dogs, the infiltrates regressed after five to 14 days. Subendocardial necrosis and pulmonary oedema were found at postmortem examination in four other dogs with acute and recurrent dyspnoea after hunting, and myocardial fibrosis in a further three dogs with a history of recurrent dyspnoea after hunting; none of these pathological changes was seen in dogs which had no previous history of dyspnoea after hunting. A pathogenetic mechanism is proposed whereby high catecholamine levels, present during hunting due to the stress of excitement and exercise, cause acute cardiac and pulmonary lesions in some susceptible dogs, similar to neurogenic or postictal pulmonary oedema.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1984

Orbital phlebography in patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome in comparison with normal subjects.

Orbital phlebography has been reported to be pathologic in some patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome (recurrent painful ophthalmoplegia). A systematic study of the phlebographic findings in Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome in comparison with a normal material seems not to have been performed. In this investigation, orbital phlebography was performed in 19 patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome and in a reference group of 23 persons without the disease. In 13 of 19 patients (68%) with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome, the phlebography was pathologic (narrowing or occlusion of particularly the third segment of the superior ophthalmic vein, partial occlusion of the cavernous sinus). Orbital phlebography was normal in all but one of the subjects in the reference group. The medical history of this subject in retrospect revealed symptoms other than painful ophthalmoplegia commonly found in patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome, suggesting that he suffered from a variant of the disease causing the syndrome. In one patient with recurrent painful ophthalmoplegia a biopsy from an eye muscle showed venous vasculitis, probably indicating the basic pathology behind the phlebographic changes in patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Summary of hunting injuries in central Wisconsin: a 4-year experience at a rural referral center.

Surveillance of hunting-associated injuries was performed over a 4-year period at a rural Emergency Department in central Wisconsin. Over that period of time, 125 individuals sought treatment for hunting-related injuries. The majority of injuries were related to autumn deer hunting and included both gun and bow and arrow hunting. Over half of the persons injured while hunting with a bow and arrow fell from a height. The admission rate for persons in the immediate area was 35.1%, but for those from outside the area, it was 64.8%. The effects of the referral bias result in severe injuries being seen in rural Emergency Departments during hunting seasons, necessitating such departments to be prepared for a wide range of injuries.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMed1992

[Clinical and neuroradiological studies on orbital myositis and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome].

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and orbital myositis have common features such as ocular pain, ophthalmoplegia and exophthalmos. Both syndromes are thought to be caused by a granulomatous inflammation involving the cavernous sinus area in the former and the orbital cavity in the latter. The question whether these two conditions represent different presentations of a single disease, or they belong to different entities has not been settled. To address this question, we reviewed our cases having clinical diagnosis of either Tolosa-Hunt syndrome or orbital myositis. Six cases were diagnosed as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, and 7 orbital myositis. In the thin-slice enlarged orbital CT, hypertrophic and high-density changes of at least one of the extraocular muscles were found in all cases with orbital myositis, but in none of the patients with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. The age of onset was younger and the duration of the disease before admission was shorter in Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. They responded to steroid therapy better than those with orbital myositis. These findings lead us to conclude that Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and orbital myositis belong to different syndromes, although clinical manifestations have many similarities. Then we studied the relationship between the hypertrophic change of the extraocular muscle and the direction of the oculomotor restriction. For this purpose four additional cases with dysthyroid ophthalmopathy were also studied. We found that the presence of hypertrophic change was frequently associated with the restriction of ocular movement to the direction not only of the hypertrophic muscle but also of the opposite muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome preceded by facial palsy.

The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome consists of a painful ophthalmoplegia related to a granulomatous inflammatory process in the cavernous sinus, which may be documented by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium enhancement. Two cases of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome preceded by facial palsy observed in 1998 at the Department of Neurosurgery of the Second University of Naples are presented here. Both patients developed Tolosa-Hunt syndrome following an ipsilateral facial palsy that resolved in about 15 days with medical treatment. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium enhancement showed, in both cases, inflammatory tissue in the cavernous sinus. The patients underwent corticosteroid therapy (prednisolone, 80 mg per day, intravenously) with pain regression. In the first case, the patient experienced recurrence of the syndrome that was definitively resolved with further corticosteroid treatment. The rare reports of facial palsy in patients with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome suggest the inclusion of this disease in the so-called multiple cranial nerve palsy syndrome. It is probable that Tolosa-Hunt syndrome has an inflammatory pathogenesis.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Hunting activity and aging among the Gidra Papuans: a biobehavioral analysis.

From the individual-based records of hunting practice for 1,633 hr in total and from the hunters' visual acuity and grip strength observed among the Gidra Papuans in lowland Papua New Guinea, this paper aims to analyze the relationship between the hunting activity and aging. The sensori-motor functions determine the range of age in which the individuals act as active or productive hunters: determined to be from the late teen-age years to about 45 years among the present subjects. In this age range, hunting efficiency increases with age. In terms of weight of animals killed per hunting time, the efficiency of the elder married (aged about 35 to 45 years) was almost four times higher than that of the unmarried (16-17 to late 20s). This aging effect is judged to depend on behavioral abilities that increase in accordance with experience and cumulative knowledge. Simultaneously, the comparison of individual hunters' records in 1971-72 and in 1981 reveals that hunting efficiency is associated with the individualities of the hunters.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Testosterone levels change with subsistence hunting effort in !Kung San men.

Although little is known empirically of the physiology of human hunting, arguments for innate biological bases of gender-dimorphic behaviors such as aggression frequently point to the role of hunting in human evolution. Study of !Kung San hunter-gatherer men demonstrated that the diurnal pattern in serum testosterone was altered during a six-day hunt, compared to pre- and post-hunt levels, due mainly to elevation of evening values. Hunting success did not correlate with any testosterone measures. The pattern of changes observed is most consistent with the known concomitants of moderate prolonged exercise.

Adult↗

PubMed2024

The Hunt Lab Guide to De Novo Peptide Sequence Analysis by Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Donald Hunt has made seminal contributions to the fields of proteomics, immunology, epigenetics, and glycobiology. The foundation of every important work to come out of the Hunt Laboratory is de novo peptide sequencing. For decades, he taught hundreds of students, postdocs, engineers, and scientists to directly interpret mass spectral data. To honor his legacy and ensure that the art of de novo sequencing is not lost, we have adapted his teaching materials into "The Hunt Lab Guide to De Novo Peptide Sequence Analysis by Tandem Mass Spectrometry". In addition to the de novo sequencing tutorials, we present two freely available software tools that facilitate manual interpretation of mass spectra and validation of search results. The first, "Hunt Lab Peptide Fragment Calculator", calculates precursor and fragment mass-to-charge ratios for any peptide. The second program, "Predator Protein Fragment Calculator", was inspired in part by the fragment calculator developed in the Hunt Lab. Its capabilities are enhanced to facilitate interpretation of mass spectral data derived from intact proteins. We hope that the combination of these educational tools will continue to benefit students and researchers by empowering them to interpret data on their own.

Tandem Mass Spectrometry↗

PubMed1998

Characterization of human joint proprioception by means of a threshold hunting paradigm.

A method has been developed to measure the proprioceptive performance of movement detection in human joints, with the threshold hunting paradigm commonly used in other sensory modalities. Methods applied in former studies regarding movement detection were very time consuming (hours), making them not applicable to patients. Using the threshold hunting paradigm, the subject changes the parameter value continuously around the threshold producing a threshold hunting curve, which itself might be valuable for investigation of movement detection performance. The method presented here, is very quick compared to other studies in this field, especially when velocity is hunted and the threshold values are very low. The threshold parameter value is stable since there is a control at any time over the subject's stimulus perception. Furthermore, a Monte Carlo simulation showed that hunting curves can clearly be distinguished from guessing. Also reliability is given. All these points allow to use the method to evaluate the proprioceptive performance of a single individual. Considering the results, the method described may be useful for basic and clinical investigations regarding the proprioceptive performance limits of movement detection aspects.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Subdural empyema and herpes zoster syndrome (Hunt syndrome) complicating removal of third molars.

We report a case of subdural empyema and herpes zoster syndrome (Hunt syndrome) complicating routine removal of third molars. Subdural empyema is an extremely rare but life-threatening complication of dental sepsis arising spontaneously or after dental surgery. The clinician should be familiar with its presentation and have a high index of suspicion, because late recognition and delay in its treatment can increase the associated morbidity and mortality. Surgical procedures and in particular maxillofacial surgery have also been known to trigger varicella zoster reactivation resulting in Hunt syndrome. Some patients develop the characteristic rash several days after the onset of facial weakness, so that Hunt syndrome may initially be misdiagnosed as Bell's palsy. We highlight the difficulties in diagnosing Hunt syndrome and argue the case for early treatment of all patients with Hunt syndrome and Bell's palsy with a combination of systemic steroids and antiviral drugs.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Acyclovir improves recovery rate of facial nerve palsy in Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Although the antiviral agent, acyclovir, is currently employed for the treatment in Ramsay Hunt syndrome, the benefit of acyclovir on facial nerve is still unknown and remains controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of acyclovir in facial nerve recovery in Ramsay Hunt syndrome. METHODS: To evaluate drug effect on facial nerve function, evaluation of the facial voluntary movement and nerve excitability testing were performed. We have used an infusion therapy of acyclovir in combination with a high dose of steroid (AS), which was started within 7 days of onset of facial nerve palsy in 91 patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome. The results were compared with those of 47 patients whose therapy was steroid alone started within 7 days of onset. RESULTS: Out of 91 patients treated with AS, nerve exitability was good in 68 (75%), while it was poor in 17 and absent in six. Of 47 patients treated with steroid alone, nerve exitability was good in 25 (53%), while it was poor in 11 and absent in 11. There was statistically significant difference between AS and steroid therapy in the posttreatment degree of nerve function. Complete recovery to grade I in facial voluntary movement was attained in 82 of 91 patients (90%) in the AS therapy, while out of 47 patients treated with steroid alone complete recovery to grade I was attained in only 30 (64%). A statistically significant difference in the recovery rate of facial nerve function was induced between AS and steroid therapy. CONCLUSION: The AS therapy was proved to keep good degree of nerve function indicated with nerve excitability testing and improve recovery rate of facial nerve in Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Based on this study, we now believe that the AS therapy is an advisable treatment modality to improve the recovery rate of facial nerve function in Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed2004

Sustainable trophy hunting of African lions.

In most species, sport hunting of male trophy animals can only reduce overall population size when the rate of removal of males is so high that females can no longer be impregnated. However, where males provide extensive paternal care, the removal of even a few individuals could harm the population as a whole. In species such as lions, excessive trophy hunting could theoretically cause male replacements (and associated infanticide) to become sufficiently common to prevent cubs reaching adulthood. Here we simulate the population consequences of lion trophy hunting using a spatially explicit, individual-based, stochastic model parameterized with 40 years of demographic data from northern Tanzania. Although our simulations confirm that infanticide increases the risk of population extinction, trophy hunting could be sustained simply by hunting males above a minimum age threshold, and this strategy maximizes both the quantity and the quality of the long-term kill. We present a simple non-invasive technique for estimating lion age in populations lacking long-term records, and suggest that quotas would be unnecessary in any male-only trophy species where age determination could be reliably implemented.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1992

Recurrent Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.

Twenty consecutive patients with recurrent Tolosa-Hunt syndrome were studied. One had a parent who suffered from recurrent Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Thirty-three percent of the patients had also recurrent periods of weeks to months of unilateral periorbital pain without ophthalmoplegia. One patient had cluster headache before the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome started. Some patients had involvement of cranial nerves outside the cavernous sinus region during Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and also between episodes. The same systemic symptoms, i.e. back pain, cold feet, arthralgia, gut problems, varices, vertigo, chronic fatigue, thrombophlebitis, memory deficiency and signs of inflammation in serum, occurred in Tolosa-Hunt syndrome as earlier found in patients with orbital venous vasculitis. Seventy-three percent of the patients had pathologic orbital phlebograms. All patients treated with steroids reacted promptly; four who developed chronic pain syndromes were treated satisfactorily with azathioprine.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Neuroimaging diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: MRI contribution.

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience in the neuroradiological diagnosis of six patients with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. METHODS: Computerized tomograms and MRI, with and without contrast enhancement, of the cranium and orbits of patients fulfilling IHS criteria for the diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome were analyzed. RESULTS: Standard CT scan, with and without contrast enhancement, disclosed an enlarged cavernous sinus in one patient and was normal in the remaining five. In comparison, MRI was clearly abnormal in the four patients on whom it was performed, showing a convex enlargement of the symptomatic cavernous sinus by an abnormal tissue isointense with gray matter on short TR/TE images and iso-hypointense on long TR/TE scans. This abnormal tissue markedly increased in signal intensity after contrast injection and, in two patients, extended into contiguous regions, mainly the orbital apex and subtemporal fossa ipsilaterally. One patient had follow-up studies after successful treatment with corticosteroids. Although diminished in size, the abnormal tissue was still visible on MRI after 3 months of treatment and only disappeared after 6 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These MRI findings help in the differential diagnosis of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome from conditions such as meningioma, lymphoma, and sarcoidosis, as well as confirming the similarities of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and orbital pseudotumor. In the presence of painful ophthalmoplegia, the finding by MRI of cavernous sinus enlargement, with the herein described signal and extension characteristics and slow resolution with corticosteroid treatment, is highly suggestive of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2005

Neurological and psychosocial outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage, and the hunt and hess scale as a predictor of clinical outcome.

In a retrospective study, the outcome of 87 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm was assessed. Follow-up included neurological examination, grading of the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of each patient, and answering a psycho-social questionnaire. This questionnaire was answered by the patients themselves or by a relative when the patient was not able to answer. The follow-up was performed more than 12 months after the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in each patient. The psycho-social questionnaire pertained to the degree of independence in everyday activities, household management, stress endurance, memory and concentration, social and leisure activities, social contacts, occupational status, and marital relationships. By summarizing the results of these domains, the quality of life was then determined using the method described by McKenna et al. Neurological deficits in the form of an incomplete paresis of the third cranial nerve and subjective reduction of memory and concentration were identified in 3.5 % and 34.5-39 % of the patients, respectively. Of the 87 study participants, 58.2 % were fully independent, 22.4 % were able to live at home with the support of their relatives, and 5 patients were fully dependent. The occupational status of 21 patients who were fully employed before SAH was unaffected, whereas 3 patients were placed in positions with less responsibility, and 21 patients were either unable to continue working, unemployed, or retired. The quality of life was not reduced in 57.2 %, while a mild reduction in the quality of life was reported by 23.8 % and a severe reduction by 19.0 % of the participants. The ability of the initial Hunt and Hess grade, the initial Fisher grade, the extent of neurological deficits, and the occupational status after SAH to predict the patient's outcome was also evaluated. For statistical analysis, the Kendall-Tau-b-test for non-parametric correlations was applied. Significant correlations were found between the initial Hunt and Hess grade and the initial Fisher grade, between neurological deficits and GOS, between quality of life and occupational outcome, as well as between the GOS and quality of life assessment, but not between initial Hunt and Hess grade and GOS or quality of life, between neurological deficits and quality of life, between initial Hunt and Hess grade and occupational outcome, between initial Fisher grade and occupational outcome, and also not between initial Fisher grade and GOS or quality of life. Our results suggest that neither the initial Hunt & Hess grade nor the initial Fisher grade are suitable parameters for predicting the outcome of patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The fact that GOS and quality of life correlated significantly confirms the use of GOS as a simple method for evaluating patient outcome, although it is not a grading system for evaluating functional disorders such as memory or subtle cognitive impairments.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

The James Ramsay Hunt case books.

James Ramsay Hunt (1874-1937) was one of the pioneers of early-twentieth-century American neurology. The James Ramsay Hunt Case Books, Columbia University, were created by Hunt and chronicle his experience with private patients from 1903 until 1937. This resource is not widely known to scholars and the content of these 30 volumes has not been described in detail. The purpose of this report is to describe this resource in terms of its organization, general contents and special features. The books contain the clinical records of 5,019 consecutive patients. The largest proportion had neurasthenia or psychiatric diagnoses, followed by those with neuropathies, manifestations of neurosyphilis, migraine and epilepsy. The books, through the enclosed correspondence, photographs, and poetry sent by patients, reveal a close relationship between the patients and their physician. Hunt's drawings are a special feature of the early volumes, including his original unpublished drawing of the lesions associated with his herpetic geniculate ganglion syndrome. The Case Books, by providing an indexed and permanent record of cases, would have made it easier for Hunt to cross-reference patients with similar clinical characteristics when he was in the process of describing a new syndrome. These Case Books provide a valuable perspective of the practice of neurology in early-twentieth-century America.

History, 19th Century↗

PubMed1996

Firearm-related hunting fatalities in North Carolina: impact of the 'Hunter Orange' Law.

In the decade spanning 1983 through 1992, 68 people were killed by firearms while hunting in North Carolina (average of 1.66 fatalities/100,000 licenses issued). Of these, 58 deaths involved two parties, a shooter and a victim. In 22% of the incidents the victims were mistaken for game. During the 1987-1988 hunting season a "Hunter Orange" law was initially enforced. This law requires sportsmen to wear an article of bright orange clothing while hunting. After enactment of this law, a reduction in the incidence of hunters being killed because they were "mistaken for game" has proven statistically significant. The present study documents that legally mandating bright orange clothing has resulted in fewer firearms-related fatalities due to the victim's being mistaken for game while hunting. The North Carolina experience implies that governmental intervention can influence the incidence of accidental deaths during recreational hunting.

Clothing↗

PubMed2006

Endovascular surgery for proximal posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: an analysis of Glasgow Outcome Score by Hunt-Hess grades.

OBJECTIVE: Proximal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms represent a subset of posterior circulation aneurysms that can be routinely treated with either clipping or coiling. The literature contains limited numbers of patients with proximal PICA aneurysms treated with endovascular surgery. We report our experience with endovascular surgery of proximal PICA aneurysms with emphasis on patients with poor Hunt-Hess grades. METHODS: We reviewed 31 consecutive patients with proximal PICA aneurysms who were treated with endovascular surgery. The following data were analyzed: age, sex, size of aneurysm, Hunt-Hess grade at presentation, Fisher grade at presentation, angiographic result after embolization, complications, number of days hospitalized, duration of follow-up, angiographic follow-up results, and Glasgow Outcome Score at follow-up. RESULTS: Excellent angiographic occlusion was achieved in 30 of 31 (97%) patients. Clinical follow-up with Glasgow Outcome Score was performed on every patient an average of 10 months later. Twenty-one of 31 (68%) patients had good outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Score I or II) at follow-up. Of the patients who presented with a favorable clinical grade (Hunt-Hess 0-III), 13 of 15 (87%) had good outcomes at follow-up. Of the patients who presented with a poor clinical grade (Hunt-Hess Grade IV or higher), 8 of 16 (50%) had good outcomes at follow-up. CONCLUSION: This series demonstrates the safety and efficacy of endovascular surgery for proximal PICA aneurysms. Many patients with poor Hunt-Hess grades from ruptured PICA aneurysms ultimately had a good outcome. This could be secondary to early, aggressive treatment of hydrocephalus and the minimally invasive nature of the endovascular approach.

Adult↗