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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Analysis of the failure of endoscopic treatment of vesico-renal reflux in children using injections of teflon and collagen and the preliminary results of injections of Macroplastic].

This study of 785 cases of vesicorenal reflux in 494 children treated endoscopically over a 7-year period was designed to evaluate the results obtained with three products used successively: Teflon, collagen and Macroplastic. Following Teflon injection, despite a 90% short-term success rate, recurrent reflux was subsequently observed in 16.71% of the ureters reviewed. The failure rate was 52.63% after collagen injection and 11.77% after Macroplastic. After one or two injections, complete resolution of reflux was obtained in 48% of children treated with collagen, versus 85.72% with Teflon and 93.33% with Macroplastic. In one half of cases, failure was related to the quality of the product and its modifications after injection. The marked resorption of collagen accounts for the poor results despite the large doses injected. Apart from one case of partial resorption of Teflon paste, the failures with this product were due to lateralisation or secondary elimination of the product from the injection site due to its fluidity. Macroplastic, due to its higher viscosity and absence of retraction, currently provides the best results with doses of less than 0.20 ml in children.

Anuria↗
PubMed1977

Discrete-trial control of morphine self-injection behaviour in monkeys: effects of injection dose and trials per session.

Responding for intravenous injections of morphine was studied using a discrete-trials procedure in squirrel monkeys. For one group, each session consisted of 10 trials at an inter-trial interval of 15 min; for the second group, each session consisted of 100 trials at an inter-trial interval of 1.5 min. When different injection doses of morphine (1-1000 mug/kg per injection), including saline as a control procedure, were substituted at random for blocks of five consecutive sessions, the frequency of morphine self-administration was found to be an inverted U-shaped function of the injection dose. This relationship was observed in each group of monkeys, despite a 10-fold difference in the total amount of the drug which was available for self-administration per session when a given injection dose was substituted for both groups. The results show that the injection dose of morphine acted as a primary determinant of response probability, even under circumstances in which trial spacing imposed a significant delay between consecutive opportunities for drug self-administration,

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of serum calcitonin levels after a 1-minute calcium injection and after pentagastrin injection in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

A 1-min calcium injection was compared with a pentagastrin injection as provocative measures in stimulating calcitonin secretion in 4 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. In all cases the calcium injection resulted in a greater rise in serum calcitonin concentration. The patients tolerated the calcium injection well. However, two patients experienced substernal pressure and dyspnea following the pentagastrin injection. It is concluded that a 1-min calcium injection is a safe, rapid and effective procedure in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1992

Stability of ganciclovir sodium in 5% dextrose injection and in 0.9% sodium chloride injection over 35 days.

The stability of ganciclovir 1 and 5 mg/mL in 5% dextrose injection and in 0.9% sodium chloride injection was studied at 25 degrees C and 5 degrees C over 35 days. Ganciclovir (as the sodium salt) was added to 120 polyvinyl chloride bags containing either 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection to attain ganciclovir concentrations of 1 and 5 mg/mL. Thirty bags were prepared for each combination of drug concentration and i.v. solution. Half of the bags in each group were stored at 25 degrees C; the other half were stored at 5 degrees C. Samples withdrawn from all 120 bags immediately after preparation were frozen for later determination of initial concentration. At 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after preparation, approximately 5-mL samples representing each test condition were withdrawn for analysis. The samples were visually examined, tested for pH, and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. There was no significant loss of ganciclovir under any of the study conditions over 35 days. All solutions were clear throughout the study period. The pH decreased slightly in both diluents at both ganciclovir concentrations but did not deviate from the manufacturer's range (9-11). Admixtures containing ganciclovir 1 and 5 mg/mL (as the sodium salt) in 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection were stable in polyvinyl chloride bags stored at 25 degrees C and 5 degrees C for 35 days.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1991

Stability of zidovudine in 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection.

The stability of zidovudine at a concentration of 4 mg/mL in 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection in polyvinyl chloride infusion bags stored at room and refrigerated temperatures for up to eight days was studied. Zidovudine was diluted in 5% dextrose injection and in 0.9% sodium chloride injection to a concentration of 4 mg/mL. Six admixtures were prepared with each diluent; three were stored at room temperature (25 +/- 1 degree C) and three were refrigerated (4 +/- 1 degree C). At 0, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 192 hours, 2-mL aliquots were removed. One milliliter of each aliquot was diluted to a zidovudine concentration of approximately 40 micrograms/mL and assayed in duplicate by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Visual inspection was performed at each sampling time for precipitation, turbidity, color change, and gas formation. Sample pH was recorded at 0 and 192 hours. In all admixtures, more than 97% of the initial zidovudine concentration remained throughout the study period. No visual or pH changes were observed. Zidovudine 4 mg/mL in admixtures with 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection stored in polyvinyl chloride infusion bags was stable for up to 192 hours (eight days) at room temperature and under refrigeration.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1991

Percutaneous procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of lower back pain: diskography, facet-joint injection, and epidural injection.

This review discusses the indications, techniques, complications, and results of three percutaneous procedures used to evaluate and treat lower back pain: diskography, facet-joint injection, and epidural injection. Diskography, performed by injection of contrast medium into the nucleus pulposus, is a technique used to determine the cause of lower back pain in patients in whom findings on other imaging studies are normal or conflicting. Injection of steroids and anesthetic into the facet joints of the lumbar spine is useful to diagnose or treat patients with facet syndrome (back pain caused by abnormalities of the facet joints). Injection of steroids and anesthetic agents into the epidural space provides short-term relief, and can sometimes provide permanent relief, of lower back pain.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗
PubMed1979

Absorption kinetics of subcutaneously injected insulin. Evidence for degradation at the injection site.

The absorption of subcutaneously injected insulin was examined by injecting semisynthetic [3H] insulin in anaesthetized pigs and subsequently analysing the tissue excised from the injection site. Contrary to previously accepted views, a significant proportion of insulin was degraded at the injection site. The disappearance of intact [3H] insulin from the injection site followed a monoexponential function with a half-time of 59 min.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

Anal submucosal injection: a new route for drug administration in pelvic malignancies. IV. Submucosal anal injection in the treatment of cancer of uterine cervix--preliminary study.

Seven patients with advanced cancer of the uterine cervix were treated by anal submucosal injection of methotrexate. Each course consists of five injections, one every 5 days; each injection contains 100 mg of methotrexate. The course was repeated at 3-week intervals and was given on an outpatient basis. Investigations were performed before, during, and after treatment. Methotrexate blood level was measured 4 and 24 hours after administration. Complete response occurred in all seven patients. Relapse occurred in four but could be controlled by further methotrexate administration. Average duration of survival is 46 1/2 months. No side effects were encountered as a result of a low methotrexate serum level that was recorded 4 hours after administration, 0.82 mumol after anal injection compared with 2.8 mumol for the intravenous route. The beneficial effect seems to be the result of the high methotrexate concentration in uterine and tumor tissue. The route adopted by the drug to reach the uterus from the anal submucosa is through the hemorrhoidogenital communicating veins. This preliminary study demonstrates that anal injection of methotrexate is effective in the treatment of advanced cancer. It is safe, well tolerated, and can be used as an outpatient treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Periodontal ligament injection: distribution of injected solutions.

In a simulation of the clinical technique, a radiopaque solution and a colloidal carbon suspension were injected into the periodontal ligament in dogs by means of a standard syringe. The colloidal carbon method was superior and demonstrated that the injected material was found in soft tissue and adjacent hard structures and in the vessels of the pulps of the immediate and adjacent teeth. The distribution of the dye did not relate to the injection volume and needle location but was consistently more widespread when injections were given under moderate to strong pressure. The technique appears to be a form of intraosseous injection.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1985

Vasopressin pressor antagonist injected centrally reverses behavioral effects of peripheral injection of vasopressin, but only at doses that reverse increase in blood pressure.

Previous work in rats (Ader, R. and De Wied, D., Psychon. Sci., 29 (1972) 46-48) has established that subcutaneously (s.c.) injected arginine vasopressin (AVP) prolongs extinction of active avoidance and that this effect could be prevented by pretreatment with the vasopressin antagonist analog [1-deaminopenicillamine, 2-(O-methyl)tyrosine]-beta-arginine vasopressin (dPtyr(Me)AVP). The purpose of the present study was to determine if peripherally administered AVP acts via a peripheral blood pressure effect or by a direct action in the central nervous system. We therefore tested the effects of the antagonist injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) on the prolongation of active avoidance and on blood pressure effects of s.c. injected AVP. The antagonist (i.c.v.) blocked the behavioral effects of systemically injected AVP only at dose sufficient to block the peripherally mediated pressor response of systemically administered AVP. The results show that peripherally injected AVP acts on peripheral systems and support our hypothesis that the peripheral visceral action of AVP contributed significantly to its behavioral action.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A control, double-blind comparison of mepivacaine injection versus saline injection for myofascial pain.

In a double-blind study 28 patients with acute, localised muscle pain received four local injections of mepivacaine 0.5%, and 25 patients with the same type of pain received local injections of an equivalent volume of physiological saline. The group receiving saline tended to have more relief of pain, especially after the first injection. The results thus show that pain relief is not due merely to the local anaesthetic. The study therefore raises questions about the mechanism by which local injections into muscle relieves pain, since there is the possibility that a similar effect might also be achieved by merely inserting a needle into the trigger point. Physiological saline is considered to be a more appropriate fluid for injection therapy than local anaesthetics since it is less likely to produce side-effects.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1995

The effects of joint washout and steroid injection compared with either joint washout or steroid injection alone in rheumatoid knee effusion.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis attending rheumatology out-patients who had a symptomatic knee effusion were randomly allocated to receive one of three treatments: group I, a steroid injection without washout; group II, a joint washout with normal saline; group III, a joint washout with normal saline and steroid injection. Sixty knees in all were studied. Laboratory parameters for disease activity (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein) were monitored in all patients prior to the study and at 3 months. Clinical assessment of disease activity (pain, morning stiffness involving the knee, circumference of the knee, walking distance and range of movement) were recorded prior to the study, at 1 month and at 3 months. All three treatments, resulted in a reduction of pain and increased movement. However, patients who had a joint washout alone showed significantly less improvement as compared with the other two groups. Symptomatic improvement was marginally greater in patients following joint washout and injection than in those who had had joint injection alone. The results of the study indicate that the simple procedure of joint aspiration and steroid injection, which can be carried out in the out-patient clinic, provides satisfactory relief of symptoms in rheumatoid patients with knee effusions. Joint washout alone was less beneficial.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Response of plasma catecholamine and PRA to i.v. injection of glucagon in upright posture after furosemide injection in essential hypertension (author's transl)].

To investigate the pathogenic role of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system in essential hypertension, we evaluated plasma catecholamine and PRA levels after glucagon stimulation and during one hour in upright posture after i.v. injection of furosemide. In nine normal and high renin essential hypertensive (NHRH) subjects, i.v. injection of 1000 micrograms of glucagon caused rapid and significant increases in plasma epinephrine(E) concentration. Both the 5 min. level after glucagon injection (314 +/- 30 pg/ml, mean +/- S.E., p less than 0.05) and peak value (358 +/- 87 pg/ml, p less than 0.05) were significantly higher than the basal level(170 +/- 25 pg/ml). Plasma norepinephrine(NE) concentration of the peak value(1065 +/- 231 pg/ml) was significantly higher than the basal(357 +/- 50 pg/ml, p less than 0.02). PRA levels increased in 4 out of 9 patients. In seven patients with low renin essential hypertension(LRH), there was an impaired PRA response to glucagon, E also failed to increase at any time after glucagon injection, but peak value of NE(1212 +/- 274 pg/ml) was significantly higher than the basal level(391 +/- 77 pg/ml, p less than 0.01). NE level of NHRH during one hour in upright posture after i.v. injection of 40 mg of furosemide were higher than LRH. Particularly at 10 min. level, the NE level of NHRH(895 +/- 115 pg/ml) was significantly higher than LRH(523 +/- 91 pg/ml, p less than 0.05). These results suggest that the sympathetic-adrenomedullary function in LRH is diminished, and the renin secreting ability of JG cells is also diminished in LRH. The glucagon stimulation test is useful to assess renin secreting ability of JG cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Reduced incidence of insulitis in NOD mice following anti-CD3 injection: requirement for neonatal injection.

The incidence of diabetes in NOD mice is reduced following a single neonatal injection of the anti-CD3 antibody, 145.2C11. We now show that the reduction in incidence is greater when the antibody is given in the first than in the third week of life. Anti-CD3 antibody injected in macro-aggregated form did not protect the recipients from insulitis and protection was diminished when elimination of the antibody was accelerated by injecting anti-hamster IgG. Protection was not reversed when anti-CD3 injection was followed by anti-CD4 and anti-CD8. Animals neonatally injected with anti-CD3 were not protected from the induction of diabetes following transfer of spleen cells from diabetic donors. These results contrast with the view that anti-CD3-mediated protection from diabetes depends on a long-lived change in recipient T cells. The findings are consistent with immunosuppression alone being an adequate explanation for the effect of anti-CD3 antibody on susceptibility to diabetes in NOD mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of melatonin and control injections on pineal serotonin and norepinephrine: afternoon injections lower serotonin levels thirty-six percent at light-dark transition.

Pineal weight and serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) contents were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats that were maintained under controlled light:dark conditions (LD 14:10; lights on 0700-2100) and that received daily subcutaneous injections of either melatonin (20 micrograms in 0.1 ml per animal) or the same volume (0.1 ml) of vehicle alone, at one of two times (0800-0900 or 1800-1900). Animals were sacrificied at four times (1000, 1400, 2000, or 2300) on the day after the last of the 7 consecutive d of injection. Pineal glands were quickly weighed and then frozen for 5-HT and NE assay by the Maickel and Miller extraction and fluorescence methods. Pineal NE content showed differences related to time of day, in confirmation of early work. But no effects attributable specifically to melatonin were found. Melatonin also failed to affect pineal 5-HT content significantly. But injection of either melatonin or vehicle at 1800-1900 led to a reduction in 5-HT content averaging 36% when sampled at either 2000 or 2300, and in comparison with animals injected at 0800-0900. It is suggested that a stresslike or zeitgeberlike effect of injections within a critical period at the end of the daily light phase can cause an earlier-than-normal daily fall in pineal 5-HT content.

Animals↗