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PubMed2026

Intentions to use different modalities of long-acting HIV PrEP among men who have sex with men and transgender and gender diverse persons in the Netherlands.

Insight into intentions to use long-acting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is essential for successful implementation. We assessed intention to use three hypothetical long-acting PrEP modalities (oral, intramuscular and subdermal) among HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender and gender diverse persons in Amsterdam, recruited through the Amsterdam Cohort Studies (ACS-participants) and social media (survey-participants). Intention was measured per modality using a 7-point Likert scale. We modeled the probability of high intention to use long-acting PrEP using relative risk regression. Of 1258 participants [1231 (97.9%) MSM; 557 ACS and 701 survey; median age 40 years (IQR 32-50)], 76% had ever used oral short-acting PrEP. Intention to use was highest for monthly oral long-acting PrEP [ACS: median 4.5 (IQR 2-6), 38% high intention; survey: median 7 (IQR 6-7), 81% high intention], followed by 2-monthly intramuscular PrEP [ACS: median 3 (IQR 2-5), 19% high intention; survey: median 5 (IQR 3-7), 47% high intention], and implants [ACS: median 2 (IQR 1-4), 9% high intention; survey: median 4 (IQR 2-7), 37% high intention]. PrEP-experienced participants had higher intention to use oral long-acting PrEP and injectables than PrEP-naïve participants. Offering multiple PrEP modalities may improve the acceptability of HIV prevention strategies and increase PrEP uptake and retention in PrEP care.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

Characteristics of high intent suicide attempters admitted to a general hospital.

BACKGROUND: Suicide intent is a strong predictor of repetition of attempts and subsequent suicide. This study aimed to compare socio-demographics, clinical factors and method of attempt in high and low intent suicide attempters. METHOD: All patients admitted following attempted suicide to a teaching hospital were interviewed. Socio-demographic information, details of the attempt and psychiatric diagnosis were recorded. Scales for assessing suicide intent, lethality, recent life-events and depression were administered. Comparison between high intent and low intent groups were done to identify the characteristics of patients who had high suicidal intent. RESULTS: The sample comprised 203 patients, 84 of whom were classified as high intent attempters using the Suicide Intent Scale. The high intent group were significantly more likely to be male (p = 0.01), of single marital status (p = 0.04), have a psychiatric diagnosis, especially depression (p = 0.001) and use self immolation to attempt suicide (p = 0.001). Patients with high intent had significantly higher lethality (p = 0.001) and recent stressful life-event scores (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High intent suicide attempts are associated with distinct socio-demographic profiles and psychiatric morbidity. Routine assessment of intent may help to identify individuals with high risk, who can be offered targeted interventions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

The influences of continuation intentions on execution of social behaviour within the theory of planned behaviour.

This study explores the predictive accuracy of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in relation to continuation of intentions. Three studies examined the hypothesis that continuation intentions of success and continuation intentions of failure would improve utility of the TPB in predicting and promoting social behaviour. As a new construct, continuation intentions of success and continuation intentions of failure aim to describe people's readiness to continue performance of an activity under conditions that signify successful and unsuccessful progress at behavioural outcomes. As predicted, Study 1 (N = 222, male = 107, female = 115, age = 14.62 yrs, SD = 1.45) and Study 2 (N = 200, male = 101, female = 98, age = 14.29 yrs, SD = .92) showed that continuation intentions of success and continuation intentions of failure contributed to the prediction of physical activity over and above components of the TPB, past behaviour and perceived progress. Study 3 (N = 93, male = 50, female = 42, age = 20.53 yrs, SD = 3.36), a study of food choice, manipulated continuation intentions and showed that participants who formed continuation intentions were more likely to eat five portions of fruit and/or vegetables than participants in a control group. Together, these findings underscore the theoretical as well as practical importance of distinguishing between intentions and continuation intentions, and the need for influence attempts to manipulate continuation intentions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Comparing unintentional and intentional injuries in a school setting.

This study determined the incidence of violence-related injuries in an urban school district, and compared characteristics of unintentional and intentional school injuries. A sample of student Accident Report Forms completed for a school district in 1997 were reviewed for demographic characteristics of the student and injury characteristics. Injuries were categorized as unintentional, intentional, or of unknown intent. Annual incidence rates of injury per 100 students were calculated by intention, grade, and gender. Comparisons between unintentional and intentional injuries were made using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Of 11,674 annualized injuries, 77.2% were unintentional, 16.8% were intentional, and 6.0% were of unknown intent. The overall annualized injury rate was 1.74 injuries per 100 students/year. The unintentional injury rate was almost five times the intentional injury rate of 0.29 injuries per 100 students/year. High school students had both the highest unintentional and intentional injury rates. Males in all grade levels had the highest rates of injury. Most injuries occurred during school hours. Intentional injuries were almost three times more likely to be associated with unstructured play or after school playground hours; were less likely to be witnessed events; and were more likely to occur on the surrounding school grounds than unintentional injuries. Unintentional injuries represent a greater risk to school children than do intentional injuries. A potential area to focus interventions for intentional injuries are modifications of the school environment and surrounding grounds to improve supervision and monitoring.

Accident Prevention↗

PubMed2003

Correlates of relative lethality and suicidal intent among deliberate self-harm patients.

Conflicting findings have been reported regarding the relationship between the potential lethality of acts of deliberate self-harm (DSH) and suicidal intent, and how each relates to patient characteristics. This study examines the relationship of suicidal intent of DSH to lethality, the relationship of both to patient characteristics, and determines if intent or lethality are risk factors for repetition of DSH. Potential lethality and Suicide Intent Scale (SIS) scores for DSH episodes were examined in a representative sample of 150 patients presenting to a general hospital. Follow-up interviews were completed 12 to 20 months later. Lethality was strongly associated with high intent. Both lethality and intent were associated with male gender. Suicidal intent but not lethality was associated with the presence of psychiatric disorder and depression. Intent was significantly correlated with hopelessness scale score. Although intent was correlated with both depression and self-esteem scale scores, these correlations became nonsignificant when the effect of hopelessness was removed. Repetition of DSH during the follow-up period was related to neither lethality nor intent scores for the original episodes. Lethality and suicidal intent, although related, have somewhat different correlates. Both should be considered when assessing DSH patients, but their relationship to further suicidal behavior does not appear to be straightforward.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Prehospital and in-hospital mortality: a comparison of intentional and unintentional traumatic brain injuries in Colorado children.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the incidence and case-fatality rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in young children in Colorado, to compare these injuries based on intentionality and outcome (prehospital death, in-hospital death, or survival), and to model the association of intentionality with TBI-related mortality. METHODS: Cases were drawn from the 1994-2002 Colorado Traumatic Brain Injury Surveillance System. Incidence and case-fatality rates for intentional and unintentional TBI were calculated. We performed univariate comparisons based on the intentionality and outcome of the TBI. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association of intentionality and mortality, controlling for injury severity. RESULTS: Of the 1333 children aged 0 to 36 months with TBI, 340 had intentional and 993 had unintentional TBI. Incidence for intentional and unintentional TBI was 16.1 and 47.0 per 100,000, respectively. Children with intentional TBI had a higher case-fatality rate, in-hospital death rate, and injury severity. Intentional TBI deaths were twice as likely to occur in hospital than prehospital, whereas unintentional TBI deaths were twice as likely to occur prehospital. Intentionality was significantly associated with mortality, with the effect increasing with increasing age. CONCLUSION: Intentionality--independent of severity--raises the mortality of TBI in young children.

Accidents↗

PubMed2002

Discrimination of intentional and random motion paths by pigeons.

Twelve pigeons ( Columba livia) were trained on a go/no-go schedule to discriminate between two kinds of movement patterns of dots, which to human observers appear to be "intentional" and "non-intentional" movements. In experiment 1, the intentional motion stimulus contained one dot (a "wolf") that moved systematically towards another dot as though stalking it, and three distractors ("sheep"). The non-intentional motion stimulus consisted of four distractors but no stalker. Birds showed some improvement of discrimination as the sessions progressed, but high levels of discrimination were not reached. In experiment 2, the same birds were tested with different stimuli. The same parameters were used but the number of intentionally moving dots in the intentional motion stimulus was altered, so that three wolves stalked one sheep. Despite the enhanced difference of movement patterns, the birds did not show any further improvement in discrimination. However, birds for which the non-intentional stimulus was associated with reward showed a decline in discrimination. These results indicated that pigeons can discriminate between stimuli that do and do not contain an element that human observer see as moving intentionally. However, as no feature-positive effect was found in experiment 1, it is assumed that pigeons did not perceive or discriminate these stimuli on the basis that the intentional stimuli contained a feature that the non-intentional stimuli lacked, though the convergence seen in experiment 2 may have been an effective feature for the pigeons. Pigeons seem to be able to recognise some form of multiple simultaneously goal-directed motions, compared to random motions, as a distinctive feature, but do not seem to use simple "intentional" motion paths of two geometrical figures, embedded in random motions, as a feature whose presence or absence differentiates motion displays.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Intent-to-treat analysis of stage Ib and IIa cervical cancer in the United States: radiotherapy or surgery 1988-1995.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the patterns of care and outcome of women with early cervical cancer in the United States based on surgical or radiation intent-to-treat principles. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 1995 public-use file was the data source. Subjects between the ages of 15 and 80 years at diagnosis who were treated for stage Ib or IIa cervical cancer were identified. The 1039 women who comprised the study group were stratified according to age at diagnosis (40 years or less, older than 40 years), primary treatment intent (surgery, radiotherapy), tumor size (4 cm or less, over 4 cm), registry site, and ethnicity. Survival analyses included 784 women who had at least 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS: There were 276 cancers (26.5%) over 4 cm, and 586 (56%) women were older than 40 years at diagnosis. There were 741 (71%) subjects in the surgical intent-to-treat group, and the remainder (298) were in the radiation intent-to-treat group. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a 5-year survival advantage for women with tumors 4 cm or less who were in the surgical intent-to-treat group compared with the radiation intent-to-treat group (86% and 71%, P <.001). Treatment group was not prognostic for cervical cancers over 4 cm (surgical intent-to-treat compared with radiation intent-to-treat; 72% and 68% survival, respectively). Multivariable analysis confirmed a survival advantage for women with surgical intent-to-treat and tumors of 4 cm or less. CONCLUSION: In the United States there is a survival advantage for surgical intent-to-treat compared with radiation intent-to-treat for women with tumors 4 cm or less, independent of ethnicity, adjuvant therapy, or age.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The relationships among turnover intentions, professional commitment, and job satisfaction of hospital nurses.

This study investigated the relationships among turnover intentions, professional commitment, and job satisfaction of registered nurses. A structured, self-administered questionnaire, including the Professional Commitment Scale, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and demographic data, was distributed to 2,550 registered nurses. A total of 2,197 subjects completed the questionnaires with an 86.2 per cent response rate. All of the subjects were women. The mean age was 28.56 years. Seventy-two per cent of respondents had graduated with an associate's degree and 59 per cent were unmarried. There was a positive correlation between job satisfaction and professional commitment, intention to leave the organization, and between intention to leave the profession. The negative correlation was significant between professional commitment and turnover intentions, and between job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The discriminant analysis showed that 38.4 per cent of job satisfaction was correctly classified in predicting intention to leave the organization, and 30.5 per cent in predicting the intention to leave the profession. Thirty per cent of professional commitment was correctly classified in predicting intention to leave the organization, and 39.7 per cent in predicting the intention to leave the profession. The study suggests that there were different moderators that affect different turnover intentions of staff nurses.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Intentional traumatic brain injury: epidemiology, risk factors, and associations with injury severity and mortality.

BACKGROUND: Intentional injury is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and has been associated with certain demographic and socioeconomic groups. Less is known about the relationship of intentional traumatic brain injury (TBI) to injury severity, mortality, and demographic and socioeconomic profile. The objective of this study was to delineate demographic and event-related factors associated with intentional TBI and to evaluate the predictive value of intentional TBI on injury severity and mortality. METHODS: Prospective data were obtained for 2,637 adults sustaining TBIs between January 1994 and September 1998. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the predictive value of intentional TBI on injury severity and mortality. RESULTS: Gender, minority status, age, substance abuse, and residence in a zipcode with low average income were associated with intentional TBI. Multivariate analysis found minority status and substance abuse to be predictive of intentional injury after adjusting for other demographic variables studied. Intentional TBI was predictive of mortality and anatomic severity of injury to the head. Penetrating intentional TBI was predictive of injury severity with all injury severity markers studied. CONCLUSION: Many demographic variables are risk factors for intentional TBI, and such injury is a risk factor for both injury severity and mortality. Future studies are needed to definitively link intentional TBI to disability and functional outcome.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed2004

Adolescent pregnancy intentions and pregnancy outcomes: a longitudinal examination.

PURPOSE: (a) To examine different methods of assessing pregnancy intention; (b) to identify psychosocial differences between those who indicate pregnancy intentions and those who do not; and (c) to examine the relationship between pregnancy intentions and subsequent pregnancy at 6-month follow-up in nonpregnant (at baseline), sexually experienced adolescent females. METHODS: Longitudinal cohort study of 354 sexually experienced female adolescents attending either a STD clinic or HMO adolescent medicine clinic in northern California. Student's t-tests and regressions examined psychosocial differences between females who reported "any" and "no" pregnancy intentions. ANOVAs examined differences among different combinations of pregnancy plans/likelihood. Chi-square analyses assessed associations between baseline pregnancy intentions and subsequent pregnancy. RESULTS: Adolescents' reports of their pregnancy plans and their assessments of pregnancy likelihood differed from one another (chi2 = 50.39, df = 1, p < .001). Pregnancy attitudes and baseline contraceptive use differentiated those with inconsistent pregnancy intentions (Not Planning, but Likely) from those with clear pregnancy intentions (Planning and Likely, and Not Planning and Not Likely) (Pregnancy Attitudes: F [2,338] = 68.96, p < .0001; Contraceptive Use: F [2,308] = 14.87, p < .0001). Suspected pregnancies and positive pregnancy test results were associated with baseline pregnancy intentions (Suspected: chi2 = 19.08, df = 2, p < .01; Positive Results: chi2 = 8.84, df = 2, p = .015). CONCLUSIONS: To reduce adolescent childbearing we must assess pregnancy intentions in multiple ways. Information/education might benefit those female adolescents with inconsistent reports of pregnancy intentions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Planning and realisation of complex intentions in patients with Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND: There is some evidence that patients with Parkinson's disease may impaired in prospective memory performance (planning and self initiated realisation of delayed intentions). Little is known about the effect of the disease on distinct phases of prospective memory and the potential mechanisms underlying these effects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate intention formation, intention retention, intention initiation, and intention execution of patients with Parkinson's disease and test for the mediating influence of working memory, inhibition, short term retrospective memory, and divided attention. METHODS: 16 patients with Parkinson's disease and 16 age and education matched normal controls were given a complex event based prospective memory task which differentiates four phases of prospective remembering. In addition, participants completed tasks assessing potential cognitive mediators. RESULTS: On the prospective remembering task, Parkinson patients were impaired in the intention formation phase and showed a trend towards impairment in the intention initiation. In contrast, there were no impairments of retrospective intention retention or the fidelity with which the patients executed their previously developed plan. The group effects were related to interindividual differences in working memory span. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the planning phase of prospective remembering is specifically impaired in Parkinson's disease, and that the impairment is related to working memory deficit. In contrast, even when complex intentions have to be remembered, the retrospective storage of intentions to be performed is not impaired.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Relationship between prenatal infant feeding intention and initiation and duration of breastfeeding: a cohort study.

AIM: To report the relationship between maternal prenatal intention to breastfeed and the actual initiation and duration of breastfeeding. METHODS: Pregnant women resident within Avon, UK, expected to give birth between 1 April 1991 and 31 December 1992 were recruited in a longitudinal cohort study. Main outcome measures included maternal infant feeding intention (breastfeed, breast and bottle feed, bottle feed, or uncertain) at 32 wk of pregnancy: intention in the first week, intention for the rest of the first month and intention in months 2 to 4; initiation and duration of breastfeeding up to six months. RESULTS: Data were available on 10,548 women. Prenatal intention to breastfeed had an influence on both initiation and duration of breastfeeding. Of the women intending to bottle feed from birth, only 3.4% initiated breastfeeding compared with 96.6% of women planning to breastfeed for at least four months. At six months postpartum, the mean duration of breastfeeding for women intending to breastfeed for at least five months was 4.4 mo (95% CI 4.3, 4.4), compared with 2.5 mo (95% CI 2.4, 2.6) for women with a prenatal intention to breastfeed for only one month. Logistic regression, using intended duration as the only explanatory variable, correctly predicted 91.4% of breastfeeding initiation and 72.2% of infant feeding at six months. CONCLUSIONS: This large population-based study confirms the strength of the relationship between maternal prenatal intention to breastfeed and both breastfeeding initiation and duration. Maternal intention was a stronger predictor than the standard demographic factors combined. This should be taken into account in future research, and trials should be undertaken to establish whether interventions could alter maternal intention and thereby increase rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Drug information-seeking intention and behavior after exposure to direct-to-consumer advertisement of prescription drugs.

BACKGROUND: Concerns about direct-to-consumer advertisement's (DTCA's) information quality have raised interest in patients' drug information-seeking after DTCA exposure. OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of patients' intentions and behaviors to seek drug information from physicians, pharmacists, and the Internet after DTCA exposure, using theories of planned behavior and self-efficacy. METHODS: One thousand patients were randomly selected from 3,000 nationwide osteoarthritic patients. A self-administered survey examined predictors of intention including measurements of attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, perceived difficulty, self-efficacy, controllability, self-identity, intention, exposure to ads, and control variables. After 6 weeks, another survey measured respondents' information-seeking behavior. For patients exposed to DTCA, 6 multiple regressions were performed for information-seeking intention and behavior for 3 information sources: physicians, pharmacists, and the Internet. RESULTS: The response rates were 61.9% and 80.1% for the first survey and the second survey, respectively. Four hundred and fifty-four participants reported exposure to DTCA about arthritis prescription medicines in the previous month. Over 41% of the variance in intention and over 18% of the variance in behavior were explained by the regression procedures. The consistent positive predictors of intention were attitude toward behavior, self-identity, attitude toward DTCAs of arthritis medication, and osteoarthritis pain; while the consistent positive predictors of behavior were intention and osteoarthritis pain. The strongest predictors of intention were self-identity for physicians, subjective norm for pharmacists, and attitude toward behavior for the Internet. Perceived difficulty and self-efficacy did not predict intention, and self-efficacy and controllability did not predict behavior. CONCLUSIONS: DTCA-prompted drug information-seeking may be under patients' complete volitional control. To promote information searching, efforts could be made to affect factors predicting intention. Interventions could address patients' attitude toward behavior, the influence of their important others, and their role as information seeker, respectively, for information sources like the Internet, pharmacists, and physicians.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Prediction of pharmacist intention to provide Medicare medication therapy management services using the theory of planned behavior.

BACKGROUND: Medicare Part D is a voluntary prescription drug benefit for Medicare beneficiaries. As part of the coverage, medication therapy management services (MTMS) are mandated for beneficiaries with chronic diseases who take multiple medications covered under part D and who are likely to incur annual costs that exceed a specified level. OBJECTIVE: To predict the behavioral intention of pharmacists to provide Medicare medication therapy management services (MTMS) using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and to determine the relationship between pharmacists' characteristics and intention to provide MTMS. METHODS: The population for this cross-sectional descriptive study consisted of all community pharmacists in Iowa. Data collection occurred through a self-administered anonymous mail survey. Two surveys each were mailed to 500 pharmacies selected through a stratified random sample, 1 survey for the pharmacy manager and 1 survey for a staff pharmacist if applicable. Descriptive statistics and scale reliability were calculated for each of the 4 TPB scales (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention). Linear regression was used to predict intent as a function of the other 3 TPB factors, demographic factors, experience, and type of pharmacy. RESULTS: Out of 212 surveys received, 203 had usable data. The usable response rate ranged from 21% to 41%. Pharmacists' intent to provide MTMS was generally positive but varied in strength with a mean score of 22.47 (+/-4.00) and a range of 7-30. Pharmacists mostly agreed that they had appropriate training to provide MTMS but lacked time and support. The linear regression analysis found the constructs of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control to be significant predictors of intent (P<.05). Pharmacists with stronger intent to provide MTMS were those who felt they had more control over providing MTMS, felt their peers approved of the provision of MTMS, and had a positive attitude about providing MTMS. Type of pharmacy and pharmacist demographic variables were not significant predictors of intent to provide MTMS. CONCLUSION: Pharmacists showed generally positive intent to provide MTMS. Perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and attitude were significant predictors of intent (P<.05). Strategies to help pharmacists provide MTMS should focus on finding time and support to provide MTMS rather than individual educational needs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2004

Stressful life events, smoking behavior, and intentions to smoke among and multiethnic sample of sixth graders.

OBJECTIVES: Adolescent smoking has been associated with stressful life events. However, few studies have examined the associations between stress, smoking intentions, and smoking behavior among a multiethnic sample of adolescents. METHODS: We compiled a checklist of stressful life events relevant to multiethnic youth and administered it to 1,074 sixth-grade students in urban Los Angeles. RESULTS: The most frequently reported stressful events were similar across ethnic groups and generations in the USA: test taking, chores, and arguments with friends. The events reported as the most severe were disturbances in family life, such as: death, arguments between parents, and illness or injury. Whites and Latinos had reported higher levels of ever smoking and intentions to smoke than Asian/Pacific Islanders (PIs). On the positive family-related events scale Latinos scored higher than did whites or Asian/PIs. Whites scored higher than Latinos or Asian/PIs on both negative peer-related and negative personal-related events. Associations were observed between total stress, stressful life events, and smoking behavior and intentions to smoke. Total stress was associated ith ever smokers, smoking intentions within the next year and in high school over the entire sample. Negative peer-related events were associated with intention to smoke within the next year, among Latinos. Among Asian/PIs negative peer-related events were associated with intention to smoke within the next year and in high school. Negative school-related events were significantly associated with ever smoking and intentions to smoke in the next year and marginally associated with intentions to smoke in high school among children born in the USA whose parents were also born in the USA. Negative peer-related events and positive personal-related events were significantly associated with intentions to smoke in the next year among children born in the USA whose parents were immigrants. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that negative peer- and school-related events may lead to increased risk of smoking behavior and intentions to smoke among multicultural adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Intentional injury mortality in the European Union: how many more lives could be saved?

OBJECTIVE: To explore the scope for reducing the number of intentional injury deaths, hypothesizing that all European Union (EU) countries are able to match the experience of the country with the lowest mortality rate for intentional injuries. DESIGN: Intentional injury mortality data for the three last available years and denominator population estimates were obtained from the World Health Organisation mortality database for the 22 EU countries with more than one million population. To estimate the potential saving of lives, the yearly average age adjusted injury mortality rates were calculated. This issue done for children (0-14), adults (15-64), and elderly people (65 and over), both including and excluding deaths from undetermined cause. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of lives that might potentially be saved if all EU member states matched the lowest intentional injury rate reported by an EU member state. RESULTS: Over 73% of all intentional injury deaths could have been avoided if all EU countries matched the country with the lowest intentional injury mortality rate. EU member states would have suffered about 600 fewer intentional injury deaths in children, about 40 000 fewer adult deaths, and over 14 000 fewer intentional injury deaths in the elderly. This amounts to over 55 000 lives in a single year. CONCLUSIONS: Many lives lost through injury might be saved if all countries were to achieve the lowest intentional injury mortality rates reported in the EU. How this theoretical observation might be translated into practice needs to be further explored as the international variation in intentional injury mortality rates in the EU results from a range of factors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Changes in injury mortality by intent and mechanism in Taiwan, 1975-98.

BACKGROUND: Most official mortality publications do not present the mechanism of injury (for example, cut/pierce, drowning, fall, poisoning, or suffocation) for intentional injuries (for example, suicide or homicide). OBJECTIVES: To determine if the presentation of mechanism of injury for intentional injuries had different mechanism profiles. METHODS: Age adjusted injury mortality rates by intent and mechanism of injury for Taiwan were calculated for the years 1975 to 1998. The International Classification of Disease codes for the matrix by intent and mechanism groupings were based on recommendations of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: If rates for both groups (intentional and unintentional) are combined, the importance of poisoning and suffocation increase relative to their contribution for unintentional injuries alone. Given the same mechanism of injury, different intents showed different patterns of change during the study period and given the same intent, the changes over time differed for different mechanisms of injury. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to include the mechanism of injury within intentional injuries because it provides different profiles of injury problems. Thus the simultaneous tabulation of injury mortality data by both intent and mechanism is a necessary step for identifying and prioritizing injury problems. The argument that good preventive measures could prevent both unintentional and intentional injuries was also confirmed.

Adolescent↗