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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[What is the origin of the frequency effect in absolute judgment? A contribution to the theory of judgment].

The same stimuli receive higher ratings when the distribution in which they appear is positively skewed than when it is negatively skewed (frequency effect). The effect depends on the number of stimuli (stimulus effect) and the number of categories (category effect). The effect may be caused by one of the following tendencies: (a) the tendency to assign the same number of stimuli to each category (frequency model; Parducci, 1965; Parducci & Perrett, 1972); (b) the tendency to exaggerate the difference between the preceding stimulus and the present one (contrast model; Haubensak, 1984); and (c) the tendency to assign the same categories to the same stimuli (consistency model; Haubensak 1989, 1992a, 1992b, 1993). The three models are briefly described and evaluated in the light of old and new data. The consistency model seems superior to its competitors in several respects.

Attention↗
PubMed2004

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): parents' judgment about school, teachers' judgment about home.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to separate sources of observer and situational variance in reporting attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology. METHOD: In a sample of 30 children diagnosed with ADHD, ADHD symptomatology was assessed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Parent Version (DISC-P), with parents and teachers as informants. Both parents and teachers reported about the child's ADHD symptomatology at home as well as at school. RESULTS: Parents and teachers showed high within-observer cross-situational presence of ADHD symptoms. However, the between-observer agreement on the presence of ADHD symptoms within the same situation (home or school) was low. This pattern held equally true for attention/concentration and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptom scores. CONCLUSIONS: In evaluating ADHD symptomatology, it is important to obtain independent reports about the child's behaviour at school from the teacher and about the child's behaviour at home from the parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Group variability judgments: investigating the context-dependence of stereotypicality and dispersal judgments.

This study explores the context-dependent nature of perceptions of group variability by examining how ingroup and outgroup ratings are affected by asking participants (N = 237) to rate these groups either on their own or together. In key respects, it replicates the design utilized by Haslam, Oakes, Turner, and McGarty (1995). However, several features of the present study's design were distinctive and intended to address methodological issues raised in the original. First, an alternative to the Katz-Braly procedure was adopted such that the measure of 'stereotypicality' referred to the applicability of both stereotypic and counter-stereotypic attributes. Second, a measure of 'dispersion' was also employed. The data show that ingroup stereotypicality was, as predicted, affected by a manipulation of context, while outgroup stereotypicality was not. No effects of context on the dispersion measures were obtained for either the ratings of the ingroup or the outgroup. The relationship between stereotypicality and dispersal measures of variability is discussed.

Adolescent↗