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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Perception of native and non-native affricate-fricative contrasts: cross-language tests on adults and infants.

Previous studies have shown improved sensitivity to native-language contrasts and reduced sensitivity to non-native phonetic contrasts when comparing 6-8 and 10-12-month-old infants. This developmental pattern is interpreted as reflecting the onset of language-specific processing around the first birthday. However, generalization of this finding is limited by the fact that studies have yielded inconsistent results and that insufficient numbers of phonetic contrasts have been tested developmentally; this is especially true for native-language phonetic contrasts. Three experiments assessed the effects of language experience on affricate-fricative contrasts in a cross-language study of English and Mandarin adults and infants. Experiment 1 showed that English-speaking adults score lower than Mandarin-speaking adults on Mandarin alveolo-palatal affricate-fricative discrimination. Experiment 2 examined developmental change in the discrimination of this contrast in English- and Mandarin-leaning infants between 6 and 12 months of age. The results demonstrated that native-language performance significantly improved with age while performance on the non-native contrast decreased. Experiment 3 replicated the perceptual improvement for a native contrast: 6-8 and 10-12-month-old English-learning infants showed a performance increase at the older age. The results add to our knowledge of the developmental patterns of native and non-native phonetic perception.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1979

Speech and language testing with distinct ethnic-racial groups: a survey of procedures for improving validity.

Several procedures are being used currently to improve the validity of speech and language evaluation for ethnic or racial groups from lower-income populations. Procedures mentioned in this article include: (1) developing a new test, (2) modifying test items or keyed responses on existing tests, and (3) developing new norms for existing tests. Examples are given for each procedure, and advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

Ethnicity↗
PubMed1998

Grammatical choice and affective experience in a second-language test.

This study measured the affective experience of 12 subjects reading grammatically correct and incorrect versions of 50 sentences, Questionnaire I, in their second language (French). This was followed by a multiple choice grammar test, Questionnaire II, using the same 50 sentences and offering the correct and incorrect answers. Subjects tended to choose correct as well as incorrect responses corresponding to their highest affective rating within each entry. In all cases the subjects' behavior was higher than chance level and thus followed a trend to maximize pleasure. This result supports the hypothesis according to which the key to decision-making lies in the affective dimension of conscious experience.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Language tests for the examination of nasal resonance].

A set of 7 word tests with different number of nasal phonemes was prepared. These tests are adjusted to technical possibilities of nasal resonance examination by means of own construction apparatus. The VII-th test consisting only oral speech sounds appeared to be most important for estimating physiological nasal resonance characteristic for the Polish language and gave individual timbre of the voice. For Polish language these resonance rate is 15.2%. It is useful as reference data to evaluate patients with pathological nasal resonance. The VII-th test together with the V-th one which contain 6.3% of nasal consonants, and the VI-th with 33.3% of them were used for detailed evaluation of nasal resonance.

Child↗