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PubMedDate not supplied

Tetrachloroazobenzene in 3,4-dichloroaniline and its herbicidal derivatives: propanil, diuron, linuron, and neburon.

The presence of 3,3', 4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography in 3, 4-dichloroaniline and herbicides made therefrom. The concentrations of TCAB in 3, 4-dichloroanilines and in different herbicides from a variety of manufacturers ranged from 9 to 1400 micrograms/g (ppm). The chloracnegenic potential of these products, as determined by rabbit ear test, suggests that it is in the same range of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, a known potent chloracnegenic agent.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1999

["More is not better"--evaluation of toxicologic risks of the heavy metals, lead and cadmium, and the herbicides, linuron, fluazifop-P-butyl and cycloxydim in dried Chamomile flowers (Chamomilla recutita L. Rauschert)].

Cadmium and all three enumerated herbicide residues in dried samples of industrially grown true chamomile were found to be above the suggested and accepted tolerance values. The results are discussed with regard to the current Croatian regulation and FAO/WHO recommendations on herbicides and to human toxicology risk assessment. The paper gives a critical evaluation of the herbicide overuse in agricultural practice and strongly discouraged such practice. The authors advocate prospective use of plants as natural indicators of environmental contamination and toxicological burden of the human food chain.

Cadmium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of some ecological factors of degradation of propanil, linuron, and their transformation product 3,4-dichloroaniline in soil.

The degradation of xenobiotics was investigated in model experiments in soddy-podzolic soil as a function of their concentration, pH moisture content, temperature, and aeration of the soil, and presence of organic and mineral compounds. The main and secondary factors determining the persistence of xenobiotics in soil were established and approximation formulas for calculating their persistance criteria (ty) were proposed.

Anilides↗
PubMed2000

Enrichment and molecular characterization of a bacterial culture that degrades methoxy-methyl urea herbicides and their aniline derivatives.

Soil treated with linuron for more than 10 years showed high biodegradation activity towards methoxy-methyl urea herbicides. Untreated control soil samples taken from the same location did not express any linuron degradation activity, even after 40 days of incubation. Hence, the occurrence in the field of a microbiota having the capacity to degrade a specific herbicide was related to the long-term treatment of the soil. The enrichment culture isolated from treated soil showed specific degradation activity towards methoxy-methyl urea herbicides, such as linuron and metobromuron, while dimethyl urea herbicides, such as diuron, chlorotoluron, and isoproturon, were not transformed. The putative metabolic intermediates of linuron and metobromuron, the aniline derivatives 3, 4-dichloroaniline and 4-bromoaniline, were also degraded. The temperature of incubation drastically affected degradation of the aniline derivatives. Whereas linuron was transformed at 28 and 37 degrees C, 3,4-dichloroaniline was transformed only at 28 degrees C. Monitoring the enrichment process by reverse transcription-PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) showed that a mixture of bacterial species under adequate physiological conditions was required to completely transform linuron. This research indicates that for biodegradation of linuron, several years of adaptation have led to selection of a bacterial consortium capable of completely transforming linuron. Moreover, several of the putative species appear to be difficult to culture since they were detectable by DGGE but were not culturable on agar plates.

Aniline Compounds↗