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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Accumulation of house-dust mite (Der-p-1) levels on mattress covers.

Mattresses serve as a large reservoir for house-dust mite antigens and harbour the highest mite levels within the household. Mite reduction measures have previously been shown to be unsuccessful. The effect of mattress covers and acaracides on Der-p-1 levels in the mattresses of 60 patients with mite-allergic asthma was studied. Der-p-1 levels were measured using monoclonal antibodies (ELISA method). Baseline levels were recorded and re-assessed at 8-week intervals over a 6-month period. Patients were randomised into three equal groups. In group A mattresses were treated with Metsan (Snowchem) and benzylbenzoate only; group C had their mattresses covered with mattress covers (Allergy Control Products). Group B was the control group. We were unable to demonstrate any reduction of mite levels in the beds of all 3 groups. In fact all 3 groups demonstrated an increase in Der-p-1 levels over the study period, viz. group A (mean pre: 14.28, post: 34.18 micrograms/g dust); group C (mean pre: 8.26, post: 20.80 micrograms/g dust) and group B (mean pre: 18.21, post 38.47 micrograms/g dust). However, 12 patients in group C had their mattress covers washed in hot water at weekly intervals over a 5-week period at the end of the study. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in mite levels (mean pre: 41.95, post: 26.2 micrograms/g dust; P = 0.027). We therefore conclude that the use of mattress covers per se does not reduce Der-p-1 levels. The regular application of benzylbenzoate and Metsan does not prevent the accumulation of Der-p-1 on mattresses either.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Do different mattresses affect the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of different mattresses on cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance and establish whether emergency deflation of an inflatable mattress improves the quality of resuscitation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomised controlled cross-over trial performed in a general ICU PARTICIPANTS: Critical care staff from a general ICU. INTERVENTIONS: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a manikin on the floor or on a bed with a standard foam mattress and inflated and deflated pressure redistributing mattresses. Maximal compression force was measured at different bed heights. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Compression depth, duty cycle and rate and percentage correct expired air ventilation were recorded on a manikin. Compression depth was significantly lower on the foam (35.2 mm), inflated (37.2 mm) and deflated mattress (39.1 mm) than the floor (44.2 mm). There were no clinically important differences in duty cycle or compression rate. The quality of ventilation was poor on all surfaces. Maximal compression force declined as bed height increased. CONCLUSIONS: Resuscitation performance is adversely affected when performed on a bed (irrespective of mattress type) compared to the floor. There were no differences between the inflated and deflated mattresses, although the deflation process did not adversely affect performance. This study does not support the routine deflation of an inflated mattress during resuscitation and questions the potential benefits from using a backboard. The finding that bed height affects maximal compression forces, challenges the recommendation that cardiopulmonary resuscitation be performed with the bed at middle-thigh level and requires further investigation.

Beds↗

PubMed2005

Growth and survival of bacteria implicated in sudden infant death syndrome on cot mattress materials.

AIMS: To compare growth and survival of selected bacteria implicated in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) on cot mattress polyurethane (PU) inner-foams and on different types of cot mattress cover materials. METHODS AND RESULTS: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes were inoculated onto swatches of new-unused cot mattress PU inner-foam and onto three types of cot mattress covers (polyvinyl chloride, cotton and polyester). The influence of inoculation cell density, relative humidity (RH) and temperature of incubation on survival was assessed by recovery of cells in 0.85% NaCl, with viable cell enumeration by plate counting on selective and differential media. Utilization of carbon and nitrogen sources within cot mattress PU was assessed by following growth on aqueous leachate from PU, and by colorimetric determination of aromatic amines. Good survival capability (>206 d) was shown by all three test species on PU inner-foam and on polyester mattress cover at high RH (75%), but only by Staph. aureus on PU at low RH (25%). Aqueous soluble material from PU foam supports bacterial growth; removal of aromatic amines from aqueous leachate from PU accompanies growth of Staph. aureus. CONCLUSIONS: Staphylococcus aureus has good survival capability on cot mattress PU foam, even at low RH. Soluble material within PU can serve as carbon and nitrogen sources for bacterial growth. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Prolonged survival of Staph. aureus on PU at low RH could explain, in the context of the common bacterial toxins hypothesis, an increased risk of SIDS associated with used infant mattresses.

Amino Acids, Aromatic↗

PubMed2005

Running combined simple and vertical mattress suture: a rapid skin-everting stitch.

BACKGROUND: Vertical mattress sutures are used in skin surgery to produce eversion of the wound edges, which produces a better, cosmetically acceptable scar. The disadvantages of this closure include the risk of wound hypereversion if tied too tightly, longer time to perform the stitch, and difficulties with grasping the externalized loops during suture removal. OBJECTIVE: To examine and discuss the new modification of running vertical mattress sutures, which can overcome the disadvantages. METHODS: Running combined simple and vertical mattress suture techniques are presented in a series of schematic diagrams that follow. RESULTS: The running combined simple and vertical mattress is easier and quicker to close the wound than the classic interrupted or running vertical mattress suture. Whereas the mattress suture everts the wound edges, the simple suture coapts the sides, preventing undue inversion or hypereversion of the wound. Suture removal is less uncomfortable for the patient and is performed faster by the medical staff owing to a reduction in the number of externalized loops by half compared with the classic vertical mattress stitch. CONCLUSION: Alternation of the vertical mattress and simple running suture saves the surgeon's time without lessening the advantages of good wound eversion and hence the formation of a less apparent, cosmetically more appealing scar after wound contraction.

Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗

PubMed2004

Levels and predictors of endotoxin in mattress dust samples from East and West German homes.

UNLABELLED: East-West differences in prevalence of asthma and allergies were suggested to be associated with lifestyle factors. To describe endotoxin levels in mattress dust samples from East and West German homes collected approximately 10 years after reunification. To identify factors that may account for an East-West difference. Dust was collected from mattresses of 2157 infants and 2108 mothers living in Leipzig (former East Germany) and Munich (West Germany). Endotoxin was measured using a chromogenic kinetic Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. Data on bedding, dwelling, and housing characteristics, and occupants' behavior were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Endotoxin levels were significantly higher in Leipzig compared with Munich for the infants' mattresses but not for the mothers' mattresses. Apart from this, predictors for the mothers' and the infants' mattresses were very similar. Pet-ownership and contact with animals outside the home were most influential. Endotoxin levels in mattress dust were highest in summer and increased with the number of persons living in the household. The overall percentage of variability in endotoxin levels explained by these factors was low. Endotoxin levels were associated with lifestyle factors discussed within the framework of the hygiene hypothesis. None of these factors explains the difference in infant's mattress dust endotoxin between Leipzig and Munich or could be used as a surrogate for endotoxin. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Endotoxin levels in mattress dust are associated with a number of factors discussed in the framework of the hygiene hypothesis; among other things they are associated with pet-ownership, contact with pets and number of persons living in the home. However, none of these factors and not even a combination of factors explains the variability of endotoxin levels between homes.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Protein and allergen analysis of latex mattresses.

BACKGROUND: Latex allergy is a well-recognized health problem. The wide use of latex in daily life raised the question whether latex articles could be a source of allergens. The present study was carried out to analyse various latex mattresses for protein and allergen characterization. METHODS: Five latex foam mattresses were reduced to powder and proteins were extracted using either water or urea. The protein content of the extracts was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, IEF, 2-D gel electrophoresis and amino acid sequence analysis. The presence of specific IgE, directed toward mattress proteins found in human sera of latex-allergic patients, was tested using ELISA and immunoprints. RESULTS: The results showed that no protein or allergen could be extracted from synthetic foam. However, depending on the type of mattress and extraction procedure, various quantities of proteins could be extracted from mattresses containing natural latex. The ELISA levels of various latex-allergic patients were always more significant against urea extracts than against water extracts, except for one mattress. The protein and allergen patterns were qualitatively similar for all mattresses containing natural latex. Hev b 1 was identified by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. CONCLUSION: Because the natural rubber of the mattresses contains latex allergens, these allergens are a potential source of sensitization and could constitute a risk, at least to allergic individuals.

Allergens↗

PubMed2000

Effect of visco-elastic foam mattresses on the development of pressure ulcers in patients with hip fractures.

This study had three aims: to investigate if visco-elastic foam mattresses are more effective than standard hospital mattresses in reducing the incidence of pressure ulcers in patients with hip fractures; to compare pressure ulcer grade and location and documented nursing prevention and treatment interventions in patients using the two types of mattresses; to identify possible predictors of pressure ulcer development. Using a prospective randomised controlled trial design 101 patients (mean age: 84 years) were randomly allocated either a visco-elastic foam mattress or a standard mattress. There was no significant difference in the incidence of pressure ulcers between the two groups, but patients on standard mattresses tended to develop more severe pressure ulcers. Furthermore, according to the documentation, patients with grade I pressure ulcers who were allocated a standard mattress received more preventive interventions, which may have reduced the differences in outcomes between the two groups. The researchers concluded that the results support the use of the test mattress. Significant predictors of pressure ulcer development were long waiting times for surgery and low haemoglobin levels at hospital admission.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Encasing mattresses in black plastic will not provide thermal control of bed bugs, Cimex spp. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae).

The suggestion that bed bug (Cimex spp.; Hemiptera: Cimicidae)-infested mattresses wrapped in black plastic and exposed to sunlight will be heated sufficiently to kill the bed bugs was tested. Two types of mattresses were tested: a thin mattress of solid foam rubber and a thick multilayered inner spring mattress. Temperature probes were placed on both upper and lower sides of the mattresses, which were wrapped in black plastic and placed outside on a summer day for >9 h wherein the ambient temperature peaked at 36.5 degrees C. The maximum recorded temperature on the upper (sun-exposed) sides was 85 degrees C for both mattresses, whereas lower side temperatures for the thick mattress never exceeded 35 degreesC, and some areas of the thin mattress failed to exceed 36.50C. Therefore, with published thermal death points of 40-45 degrees C depending on exposure time, and opportunities for bed bugs to avoid lethal temperatures by retreating from hot zones, this technique seems to be not suitable for bed bug management.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Interface pressure, wound healing, and satisfaction in the evaluation of a non-powered fluid mattress.

In this study, a non-powered fluid mattress (hereafter referred to as study mattress) was evaluated in terms of interface pressure, wound healing, and patient/practitioner satisfaction. The study was divided into two parts. Twenty-two (22) volunteers placed on the study mattress were used to evaluate interface pressure. Pressure ulcer healing and cost of study mattress were evaluated for 36 stage I-IV pressure ulcers and 24 surgically repaired ulcers in 33 consecutively recruited patients. Additionally, patient and practitioner satisfaction with the support surface was assessed at the completion of the study. Direct comparison of interface pressures with air-fluidized and low-air-loss beds indicate that the study mattress relieves pressure as well as existing technology. Wounds of patients on the study mattress healed at an average rate of 31 percent per week (median 25 percent per week) and flapped wounds healed an average of 7.7 weeks. No new ulcers occurred among patients using the study mattress. Both patients and practitioners reported satisfaction with the comfort and performance of the study mattress and felt it compared favorably with air-fluidized and low-air-loss technologies.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Pressure sores and pressure-decreasing mattresses: controlled clinical trial.

Pressure sores are a problem, especially in elderly patients. Our study was designed to determine the effectiveness in pressure-sore prevention of a new interface-pressure decreasing mattress. In a prospective randomised controlled clinical trial we tested the Comfortex DeCube mattress (Comfortex, Winona, USA) against our standard hospital mattress in 44 patients with femoral-neck fracture and concomitant high pressure-sore risk score. In addition both groups were treated according to the Dutch consensus protocol for the prevention of pressure sores. On admission and 1 and 2 weeks after admission, pressure sores were graded. The two groups were similar in patient characteristics and pressure-sore risk factors. At 1 week, 25% of the patients nursed on the DeCube mattress and 64% of the patients nursed on the standard mattress had clinically relevant pressure sores (grade 2 or more). At 2 weeks the figures were 24% and 68%, respectively. The maximum score over the several body regions of the pressure-sore grading, measured on a 5-point sale, was significantly different in favour of the DeCube mattress at 1 week (p = 0.0043) and 2 weeks (p = 0.0067) postoperatively. We show that the occurrence of pressure sores and their severity can be significantly reduced when patients at risk are nursed on an interface-pressure decreasing mattress.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

An instrument for in-service testing of mattresses.

It is widely recognised that mattresses have a finite life-span. In particular, hospital mattresses, typically made from polymer foam materials, are known to degrade over a period of years. Fatigue of a mattress in this way leads to a phenomenon known as 'bottoming'. This refers to the yielding of the mattress to such an extent that the occupant comes into close contact with the hard base of the bed: an important condition to avoid as it is thought to represent an aggravated risk factor for pressure ulcers. The authors have developed a portable, easy--to use, interactive device that quickly gives accurate information as to the condition of a mattress in a clinical setting. The device is validated against accelerated fatigue, pressure mapping of bottoming with healthy volunteers, and service life of 150 mattresses. The QUINCE SUPPORT SCORE provides an objective and valid basis for a mattress replacement programme.

Beds↗

PubMed1997

Effects of a pressure-reduction mattress and staff education on the incidence of nosocomial pressure ulcers.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether replacing standard hospital mattresses with pressure-reduction mattresses and educating the patient care team on Agency for Health Care Policy and Research prevention guidelines would decrease the incidence of nosocomial pressure ulcers. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review before and after implementation of replacement of standard hospital mattresses with pressure-reduction mattresses and before and after patient care team education was completed. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: A 6-month clinical study with 141 subjects was conducted on a skilled-nursing unit. METHODS: The 3-month preintervention sample group of 141 subjects received routine nursing care on a standard hospital mattress. After the introduction of pressure-reduction mattresses and an education program, a 3-month postintervention sample group of 141 subjects was studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of nosocomial pressure ulcers during a 3-month period. RESULTS: Among the preintervention group, 21 of 141 subjects (15%) acquired nosocomial pressure ulcers, versus 16 of 141 subjects (11%) in the postintervention group. This improvement was not statistically significant (chi 2 = 0.78, df = 1, p = 0.38). The incidence of ulcers staged II or higher dropped from 11 patients in the preintervention group to six in the postintervention group. a 45% reduction that was not statistically significant (chi 2 = 1.56, df = 1, p = 0.21). CONCLUSION: Replacement of standard hospital mattresses and education of staff according to recommendations from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guideline for pressure ulcer prediction and prevention did not significantly change the incidence of pressure ulcers during a 3-month period in our skilled-nursing unit.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Interface pressure characteristics of alternating air cell mattresses in persons with spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVES: To examine interface pressure characteristics for two alternating air cell mattresses used for pressure ulcer prevention and treatment in a spinal cord injury population. DESIGN: Prospective evaluation of Dynamic Flotation System (DFS) mattress and the Pegasus Airwave Mattress. Subjects acted as their own controls. SETTING: Veterans Affairs Medical Center Spinal Cord Injury Unit. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 15 subjects with spinal cord injuries. INTERVENTIONS: Minimum, maximum, and average interface pressures, and interface pressure range were measured by use of a force-sensing array system. The sacrum was chosen as the area of interest. Recordings lasted 9.5-10 minutes. Analyses were performed on 19 subjects in the supine and 45-degree upright positions for both mattresses. RESULTS: Maximum and average interface pressures and interface pressure ranges were significantly higher, whereas minimum interface pressures were significantly lower on the Pegasus vs the DFS. For either mattress, the 45-degree position resulted in significantly greater interface pressures. There was no consistent correlation found between interface pressures and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Interface pressure characteristics of these two mattresses are very different, and neither mattress retains performance in the 45-degree position. Which interface pressure characteristic is most clinically relevant remains undetermined. Avoidance of the 45-degree sitting position is recommended.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Pyroglyphid mites, xerophilic fungi and allergenic activity in dust from hospital mattresses.

Dust from mattresses of different composition and age was analysed for mites, xerophilic fungi and allergenic activity. The mites of the genus Demodex were the most abundant (58.2 per cent). Also pyroglyphid mites occurred commonly (36.6 per cent). Pyroglyphid mites were present in small numbers (mean: 1 specimen/0.2 g of dust) in 12 out of the 17 older polyester-foam mattresses. The 11 cotton-horsechair mattresses and the newly used polyester-foam mattresses (three tested) were without them. The dust from the cotton-horsehair mattresses had a significantly higher allergenic activity than from those of polyester-foam. Xerophilic fungi were isolated in three out of 31 mattresses. The species isolated belonged to the genus Aspergillus and Eurotium. E. repens occurred most frequently. Disinfection of mattresses was suggested to have a negative influence on the occurrence of mites and fungi.

Allergens↗

PubMed1997

Allergen-avoidance measures in homes of house-dust-mite-allergic asthmatic patients: effects of acaricides and mattress encasings.

This double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated whether the application of an acaricide (Acarosan) on mattresses and on textile floor coverings in living rooms and bedrooms can contribute to improvement in lung function and airway hyperresponsiveness in 40 adult asthmatic patients sensitized to house-dust mite. In a second group of 19 patients who refused chemical intervention, the clinical effects of application of allergen-impermeable mattress encasings were studied. In all three treatment groups, Der p 1 levels in mattress dust were statistically significantly decreased after 12 months. However, this decrease was much greater in the group who received mattress encasings (final mean level 430 ng/g) than in groups with acaricide- or placebo-treated mattresses (final mean levels 1730 and 2100 ng/g, respectively). Treatment of textile floors with either Acarosan or placebo chemical caused a statistically significant decrease in the level of the house-dust-mite allergen Der p1 in floor dust. In the group with mattress encasings, no significant changes of floor dust Der p 1 were found. Airway hyperresponsiveness (as measured by the PC20 histamine) improved significantly in the mattress cover group after 6 months. The Acarosan group also showed a small but statistically significant improvement after 12 months.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Used infant mattresses and sudden infant death syndrome in Scotland: case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the proposition that a used infant mattress is associated with an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Scotland (population 5.1 million, with about 53 000 births a year). PARTICIPANTS: 131 infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome between 1 January 1996 and 31 May 2000 and 278 age, season, and obstetric unit matched control infants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Routine use of an infant mattress previously used by another child and place of last sleep. RESULTS: Routine use of an infant mattress previously used by another child was significantly associated with an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (multivariate odds ratio 3.07, 95% confidence interval 1.51 to 6.22). Use of a used infant mattress for last sleep was also associated with increased risk (6.10, 2.31 to 16.12). The association was significantly stronger if the mattress was from another home (4.78, 2.08 to 11.0) than if it was from the same home (1.64, 0.64 to 4.2). CONCLUSION: A valid significant association exists between use of a used infant mattress and an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome, particularly if the mattress is from another home. Insufficient evidence is available to judge whether this relation is cause and effect.

Bedding and Linens↗

PubMed1997

The effects of air mattress upon sleep and bed climate.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an air mattress upon sleep and bed climate. This air mattress, which employs a pump and timer to increase or decrease the inflation pressure in order to cure and prevent decubitus was tested. Six healthy female volunteers, aged 18 to 23, served as subjects. The experiments were carried out under three conditions: using regular Futon (Futon), the air mattress with pump and timer activated (Air+) and the same mattress without pump and timer activated (Air-). Room temperature and relative humidity were controlled at 22-23 degrees C and RH 50-60% respectively. Subjects' sleep was monitored by using EEG machine throughout the night, and subject's body temperature and bed climate were also continuously checked. Subjective estimation of bed and sleep were obtained before and after the recording sessions. Sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset tended to be reduced in Air+ compared to Futon and Air-. The time and percentage of Stage 3 was increased significantly in the middle one third of the night in Air+. A significant difference was observed in bed climate of the waist area. Temperature tended to be higher in Futon than in Air+ and Air-, while relative and absolute humidity were significantly higher in Air+ and Air-. Significant difference between Air+ and Air- was observed only during one hour after sleep recordings started. Thermal sensation in the morning was cooler and comfort sensation tended to be better in Air+ and Air-. Subjective sleep estimation was somewhat good under all conditions. These results suggest that although these air mattresses do not affect sleep, we have to be cautious in using these mattresses as relative and absolute humidity were kept higher than with Futon. Further study on materials and construction of these air mattresses to decrease the humidity is needed.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Preventing pressure sores: matching patient and mattress using interface pressure measurements.

An adapted version of the mattress system classification scheme described by Clark (1987; 1988) has been developed and its use illustrated with the classification of four mattress systems currently used in acute geriatric wards. The classification of these mattress systems was based upon measurements of trochanteric contact pressures. The verdicts of the classification scheme were compared with the established clinical use of each mattress, with broad agreement achieved. For example, a foam mattress used to protect patients at low risk of developing pressure sores was classified as suitable for use with "low" risk patients. However, several shortcomings to the classification of mattress systems solely upon trochanteric contact pressures were described in conjunction with requirements of a more comprehensive mattress system assessment.

Adolescent↗