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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Sensorineural hearing loss in children with epidemic meningococcal meningitis at Tikur Anbessa Hospital.

There are several reports on epidemic meningococcal meningitis in some areas of Ethiopia, which lie in the meningococcal meningitis belt of Africa. Very little is known about the neurological sequel of epidemic meningococcal meningitis, especially that of hearing loss. This hospital-based study was conducted prospectively at the Ear Nose Throat clinic of the Pediatric Outpatient Department of the Tikur Anbessa Hospital during the meningococcal meningitis epidemic from May to October 2000 in order to assess the hearing status of patients after completion of their course of treatment. Demographic, clinical, microbiologic, audiometric data were collected using a preformed questionnaire. One hundred forty one cases of pyogenic meningitis were examined at discharge and on subsequent visits. Most of the patients (73.5%) were between 5 and 12 years of age. The major bacteriological isolate from the cerebrospinal fluid in 48 cases (35.3%) of the specimens was meningococci. Hearing loss was the commonest neurological sequel at discharge constituting 25% of the cases. At least 12.5% of the patients had severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. This level of hearing loss would affect communication abilities and impair studies in school if left without rehabilitative measures including hearing aids or other means. Large scale community based studies are required to determine the magnitude of hearing loss associated with epidemic meningococcal meningitis.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Meningococcal meningitis in Ludhiana.

A retrospective study was carried out at Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana (Punjab) during the period from January 1985 to June 1990 to know the incidence of meningococcal meningitis. Meningococcal etiology was established in 170 (49.41%) cases out of 344 cases of bacterial meningitis. Out of 170 cases of meningococcal meningitis, 74 (43.52%) were positive only by smear examination, 90 (52.94%) were positive both by smear as well as culture and there were six (3.52%) cases which were positive only by culture. The organisms were sensitive to most of the common antibiotics including penicillin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and sulphadiazine.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological and control aspects of meningococcal meningitis epidemics in Africa].

Meningococcal meningitis epidemics are a major health problem in sub-saharan Africa where they account for thousands of deaths and cause morbidity in hundreds of thousands of people. Meningitis is caused by Neisseria meningitidis. In Africa, epidemic meningitis is primarily due to strains of serogroup A which are responsible for the largest and most recent epidemics. N. meningitidis serotype 4, serosubtype P1.9, clonal complex III-1 was introduced into Africa in 1987. Since then, epidemics spread through the Lapeyssonnie's meningitis belt to the south. Classically, the 6 months-30 years old age group is the group at highest risk of disease. Nevertheless, in recent epidemics caused by clonal complex III-1, high age-specific attack rate occurred in those aged 30 years and over. The objectives of epidemic control are the reduction of mortality and morbidity. Early detection of an emerging epidemic is based on the observation of an incidence rate above a cutoff value. Recently, the WHO has proposed a cutoff of 15 cases/100,000/week averaged over two weeks. Epidemic investigation must be as rapid as possible after detection. The different steps are: confirmation of the epidemic and the meningococcal aetiology, standard case definition and determination of the high risk population. During epidemics, in developing countries, simplified treatment protocols are justified and a single dose of long-acting chloramphenicol is a useful first-line treatment. The strategy most frequently used for the control of epidemics is mass vaccination after the start of the epidemic. This must be done as quickly as possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Manson Lecture. Meningococcal meningitis in Africa.

This review covers the history of meningococcal meningitis in Africa since epidemics of the infection were first described around 100 years ago. It is possible that an epidemic strain of the meningococcus was introduced into West Africa from the Sudan by pilgrims returning from the Haj around the turn of the century. Since 1905 major epidemics of meningococcal meningitis have occurred in countries of the Sahel and sub-Sahel every few years, culminating in a massive epidemic in which nearly 200,000 cases were reported in 1996. Attempts to control epidemic meningococcal meningitis in Africa by vaccination with meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines have met with only modest success because epidemics can progress with great rapidity and vaccination is often started too late. This situation should be improved as a result of a recent initiative, the International Coordinating Group (ICG), which is contributing to better surveillance in countries at risk and ensuring that vaccine is available when needed. However, in the medium term, the best prospect for the control of meningococcal meningitis in Africa lies in the recent development of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines which, unlike polysaccharide vaccines, are immunogenic in the very young, induce immunological memory and are likely to give long-lasting protection.

Africa↗
PubMed2006

Laboratory confirmation of a suspicious meningococcal meningitis death case.

A suspicious meningococcal meningitis death case was reported to the Beijing CDC. The blood specimen was analyzed via multi-PCR and MLST. 6 isolates from close contacts were analyzed via PFGE and MLST. According to the results of the above analyses, the cause of this case was identified as a serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis, which, in terms of sequence typing, belonged the ST7 group.

China↗
PubMed1982

[Meningococcic meningitis epidemic in Ankara].

The meningococcic meningitis cases which appeared in Ankara in 1973 had ceased by 1976. The monthly distribution of the cases conforms well with the distribution schemes of other countries, where the peak months were the late winter and the early spring months. Beside the peak months some cases were seen throughout the year. Although the peaks disappeared after 1977, a few cases continued to be seen again. In the identification of the aetiological agent, the serogroup B was the predominant (70 cases, 45.5%) and the serogroup A was the next in prevalence (41 cases, 26.6%). When the aetiological agent was considered, no correlation could be established between the epidemic which had occurred in same periods in Ankara and in Istanbul.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed2001

[Secondary immunologically-caused myocarditis, pericarditis and exudative pleuritis due to meningococcal meningitis].

Myocarditis, pericarditis and pleural effusion as secondary immunological reactions due to meningococcal meningitis are rare. Meningococcal meningitis is itself uncommon, with a morbidity of approximately 1.25 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year in Germany. Cardial participation could be observed either primary infectious-toxic in the first week or secondary immunologic in the second week after disease onset. In our patient, six days after the onset of meningococcal meningitis (serogroup B) a distinct swelling of the myocardium appeared together with pericardial effusion in the absence of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. This case is proving difficult to tackle therapeutically due to repeated relapses.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal meningococcal meningitis: report of two cases.

Two neonates with meningococcal meningitis and meningococcemia are reported. The two, aged 28 and 16 days, respectively, presented similar symptoms of fever, poor appetite and poor activity. Both blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures of each patient grew Neisseria meningitidis. The isolated bacteria were sensitive to penicillin, and both patients recovered completely after penicillin treatment for 22 and 15 days, respectively. In the antibiotic era, only 22 cases of neonatal meningococcal meningitis have been reported in the English literature. Among these reports, at least 7 patients survived without sequelae; 6 of those were treated with different combinations of antibiotics, including penicillin, for variable durations of 7-14 days. Therefore, effective antibiotic therapy for 14 days should be adequate in the treatment of uncomplicated neonatal meningococcal meningitis and meningococcemia.

Female↗