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PubMedDate not supplied

Urogenital infection due to meningococcus in men and women.

The authors report six cases of acute urethritis and three cases of acute cervicitis caused in all instances by Neisseria meningitidis group B. The patients, five heterosexual men, one homosexual man, and three female prostitutes were seen at a venereal clinic in Mexico City. All of them were initially diagnosed as having gonorrhea. Treatment with procaine-penicillin G cured all cases, both clinically and bacteriologically. These experiences reinforce the need to distinguish N. meningitidis from N. gonorrhoeae in the setting of sexually transmitted diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Infection risk in meningococcal infection (the effect of the duration and closeness of the contact in transmission of the Meningococcus].

The authors present experimental-epidemiological data permitting to give an objective quantitative characteristics of the hazard of infection in meningococcus infection (including the carrier state and nasopharyngitis). In 70% of cases meningococcus infection occurred at a distance of less than 0.5 meters. With increase of the distance and reduction of the time of contact the risk of meningococcus infection in a collective body falls to the zero (no such phenomenon is observed in other droplet infections).

Carrier State↗
PubMed1950

Meningococcemia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1977

[Group-specific antibodies to meningococcus of serogroup A in different forms of meningococcal infection].

The authors present analysis of the data obtained in titration in the passive hemagglutination test of the sera obtained from 2498 persons with erythrocytes sensitized with specific polysaccharide of group A meningococcus. It appeared that in children aged under one year, even in those suffering from a generalized form of meningococcus infection, antibodies almost failed to be produced, whereas in older children the mean geometrical of the titre on the 5th-14th days of the disease constituted 1:343. The mean titres in the localized forms (nasopharyngitis and carriership) constituted 1:29.5 and 1:15.1, respectively; in the case of detection in the nasopharynx of meningococcus of group A the mean titre was 1:61. One to two months after sustaining any form of the infection the antibodies disappeared almost completely. Thus, the detected antibodies served as the indices of a recent meningococcus infection, including the asymptomatic one. From 12 to 49% of the persons with antibodies to meningococcus A in titres of 1:20 and over were found in the collective bodies in which meningitis patients were present. No antibodies were revealed in the donor sera collected in the localities with complete absence of meningitis, but in the localities with the recorded meningitis morbidity the sera contained antibodies to meningococcus of group A, the percentage varying from 1.5 to 40 depending on the epidemic curve level. A conclusion was drawn that detection in the collective bodies of over 10% of the persons reacting positively in the passive hemagglutination test with polysaccharide of group A meningococcus pointed to the threatening epidemic situation, despite the seeming welfare.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Deficiencies in humoral immunity].

B cell immune deficiencies are characterized by inadequate production of antibodies and/or low levels of one or more classes of immune globulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) or IgG sub-classes. They include: 1) severe deficiencies involving all the immune globulins (Bruton agammaglobulinemia, variable hypogammaglobulinemia); 2) selective deficiencies in immune globulins (IgA deficiency, IgM deficiency, deficiencies in IgG sub-classes, dysgammaglobulinemias); 3) transient infantile hypogammaglobulinemia; 4) B cell immune deficiencies with normal gammaglobulin levels. Symptoms of B cell immune deficiencies are variable but respiratory manifestations are usually more prominent than the other features that include digestive disorders, fungal infections, autoimmune conditions, joint manifestations, and severe bacterial or viral infections (pneumococcus, meningococcus, enterovirus). Management of IgM and IgA deficiencies rests on antimicrobial agents and non-specific measures. The prognosis of the other B cell immune deficiencies has improved dramatically since effective replacement immune globulin therapy has become available; this treatment combined with antimicrobial therapy and chest physiotherapy can usually prevent development of bronchiectases. The main risk is chronic enteroviral neuromeningeal infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Meningococcal vaccine use in college students.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the role of meningococcal vaccine in prevention of meningococcal disease. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966-June 2001) was performed to identify key literature. Search terms included, but were not limited to, meningococcal vaccines, meningococcal meningitis, meningococcal infection, and meningococcus. The search was limited to English-language literature and references dealing with humans. The MEDLINE search was supplemented by a hand search of various bibliographies. DATA SYNTHESIS: The impact of meningococcal disease has caused national and regional organizations to develop recommendations for use of meningococcal vaccine. Even though the meningococcal vaccine can provide benefit, limitations exist. The available vaccine does not cover all meningococcal strains and is not useful in all age groups. The appropriate target groups for prevention of disease through vaccination have been difficult to determine; vaccine use in college students is especially controversial. CONCLUSIONS: Although a meningococcal vaccine is available, meningococcus causes significant morbidity and mortality. Controversy exists over the meningococcal vaccine and its use. Students entering college who will be living in dormitories should be informed of the increased risk of meningococcal disease and be offered vaccination.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Menjugate (Chiron).

Chiron has developed and launched Menjugate, a vaccine for the treatment for meningococcus C infections caused by the pathogen Neisseria meningitidis [177064]. In August 1999, Chiron filed with the UK MCA for a license to market Menjugate. The licence was granted in March 2000 [339082], [344773], [357897] and as of April 2000, a vaccination program was underway in the UK [362152]. Menjugate is indicated for children of 12 months and older, but Chiron was expecting approval in the US for infants younger than 12 months by the end of 2000. The company will also pursue mutual recognition in Europe [376204]. In August 2000, Chiron received marketing clearance for Menjugate from the Irish Medicines Board as a conjugate against meningococcal C disease [378353]. The vaccine employs CRM-conjugate technology, whereby a diphtheria toxoid is used as a carrier protein for the meningitis C-specific antigens. The vaccine is being developed for its potential to provide protection against meningitis in both adults and infants. In July 2000, Chiron entered into a comarketing and co-promotion agreement with Aventis Pasteur under which Aventis will assist Chiron in marketing and sales efforts for Menjugate in the UK [374760].

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2004

[Use of protein C concentrate in adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock].

AIM: The aim of this study is to describe the first experiences on the use of protein C concentrate (PC) in adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock and clinical contraindications to activated protein C (APC). On the basis of the effectiveness demonstrated by the activated form in sepsis and of the encouraging results expressed in literature of protein C concentrate (PC) mainly about meningococcus fulminating infections, we carried out an observational study on protein C concentrate (PC) with 28-day follow-up and a daily analysis of the hemato-chemical and clinical parameters. Particular attention was paid to the variations in the PC plasma levels, to the modifications of the coagulation system, to the SOFA score as well as to the safety under bleeding risk conditions. METHODS: The study included 7 patients (5 females and 2 males) either with severe sepsis (2). or septic shock (5); one of them had DIC, with PC plasma levels less than 50%. APC could not be administered because of clinical reasons. Patients' mean age was 60.5 years (43-78), the average SAPS II 52.2 (36-72), the pathologies leading to sepsis were lung infections (3). and peritonitis (4). The average time elapsed between the onset of the organ failure and the beginning of treatment with PC was 27.7 hours (12-42). RESULTS: Mortality on day 28 was 42.8% (3 deaths), in all patients the PC plasma levels were brought again to the physiological values. Among the biochemical parameters recorded during the PC infusion, was observed in particular a significant decrease of PDFs, a general rise of the platelet count, and a reduction of the lactic acid levels. No adverse reaction or bleeding complication were seen, even if most of the patients' coagulation was altered or at risk due to neurological problems or repeated surgery. CONCLUSION: In our small number of patients, protein C concentrate has proven to be safe and particularly useful in the control of the coagulopathy triggered and sustained by sepsis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Meningococcal urethritis.

Two to four percent of the population carry meningococcus in the nasopharynx. Pharyngeal infections may be the entry point for blood-borne metastatic lesions throughout the body. Primary infections in other tissues are rare, and proof of transmission from a known carrier to a specific patient is uncommon. We report a primary infection of the urethra with the meningococcus in a heterosexual male contracted during an act of fellatio.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The importance of chemoantibiotic resistance in controlling infections disease (author's transl)].

The AA. examine those mechanisms which might determine the phenomenon of drug resistance in microorganism. They then review those infections of interest to public health. Diseases such as meningococcus, enterobacterial and vibro infections frequently show chemoantibiotic resistance. The AA. procede to point out the problems which may arise during therapy or prophylaxis. Some measures are then reported as necessary in order to prevent or retard the development of drug resistance in microorganism.

Bacteria↗