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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

CD8+-T-cell responses of Mycobacterium-infected mice to a newly identified major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted epitope shared by proteins of the ESAT-6 family.

Here we describe the identification of a new CD8(+)-T-cell epitope, the GYAGTLQSL nonamer, shared by the TB10.3 and TB10.4 proteins of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 family. Cytotoxic T cells from mycobacterium-infected mice efficiently recognized this epitope. GYAGTLQSL-specific T-cell hybridomas, which were able to recognize Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected macrophages, were generated and now allow investigation of mycobacterial-antigen processing through the major histocompatibility complex class I pathway.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

[BCG-induced mycobacterium infection induced by alternative medicine].

INTRODUCTION: Mesotherapy is an alternative medical process defined by the intradermal injection of small amounts of pharmacological substances. It has been associated with the development of mycobacterial infections. CASE REPORT: A 80-year-old woman presented with a Mycobacterium bovis infection of the face following mesotherapy. Genome analysis of the mycobacterial strain isolated from a skin lesion using pulse-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated the presence of a vaccinal strain identical to the one employed by the same physician to vaccinate a child two hours before. DISCUSSION: Given the severity of mycobacterial infections following mesotherapy and given the lack of evidence about its efficacy, mesotherapy should not be performed on the face. Standardisation of aseptic measures in the daily medical practice could prevent such infectious complications.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Value of PCR amplification from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection].

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remains a major health problem throughout the world. In France, tuberculosis is endemic, particularly in the Paris area (Ile-de-France) and in the south (Provence Alpes côte d'Azur) where immigration is greater than in other countries in northern Europe. Culture is the gold standard for diagnosis of tuberculosis and is the only method enabling a study of strain sensitivity to treatment. Histology contributes to diagnosis in most cases by revealing typical necrotizing granulomatous lesions. The diagnosis is then confirmed by the detection of acid-fast bacilli with Ziehl-Neelsen staining. However, the Ziehl-Neelsen stain is not sensitive and does not allow identification of different species. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification method has been used to detect M. tuberculosis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of this method for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection. The results obtained with PCR assay were compared to those obtained with histological and microbiological methods (direct examination and culture). Sixty-three specimens (mainly lymph node and lung specimens) exhibiting a positive culture for M. tuberculosis were analyzed. Tuberculosis granulomas were noted in 32/63 cases, tuberculoid granulomas in 18/63, pyoepitheloid granuloms in 10/63, and non-specific inflammation in 3/63. Ziehl-Neelsen staining was positive in 11/63 cases. PCR assay on tissue sections was positive for M. tuberculosis in 58/63 cases. Controls of the PCR method (granulomas due to other mycobacterial species, foreign body granulomas, sarcoidosis granulomas) were all negative. This study shows that PCR from deparaffinized sections, 1) greatly increases the sensitivity of diagnosis of tuberculosis, 2) enables the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection. However, although this method reduces the time to diagnosis, culture remains the gold standard for identification of the mycobacterium and for determining the sensitivity of the isolated strain to treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The incidence of atypical pulmonary mycobacterium infections in Reunion before the era of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)].

The authors analyzed cases of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection observed in the Reunion Island between 1979 and 1986, before any reported case of AIDS in the Island. Isolation of non tuberculous mycobacteria from bronchopulmonary specimens was estimated at 21.4% among all positive cultures (n = 971). The analysis of clinical and biological data from 791 different patients with a positive culture concluded to the responsibility of a non tuberculous mycobacteria in 117 (14.8%); among these 117, only 10 (8.5%) were considered as pathogen. Species repartition, antituberculous drug sensitivity and clinical out come are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Multiple cerebral abscesses as a complication of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection.

Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rapidly growing, nontuberculous mycobacteria that has rarely been associated with central nervous system impairment. We describe the case of a patient who developed multiple cerebral abscesses revealing Mycobacterium fortuitum infection. Brain biopsy specimens showed suppurative, noncaseating, granulomatous inflammation consisting of epithelioid histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells. All clinical signs and CT scan cerebral lesions disappeared after institution of appropriate antimycobacterial therapy.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Mycobacterium kansasii causing carpal tunnel syndrome with concomitant pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Mycobacterium kansasii is an uncommon cause of infection of the hand. Other atypical mycobacteria that cause hand infections are M marinium, M avium, M intracellularis, and M chelonei. Such infections usually occur around aquatic areas, though sometimes the source of infection is elusive. Inoculation of the atypical mycobacterium into the host occurs usually from a traumatic break in the skin. Patients commonly report a history of fish tank cleaning, oyster shucking, swinuning, or other aquatic activities. Several drug regimenshave been suggested and used successfully. Surgical intervention is occasionally required for unresponsive or symptomatic cases. Concomitant hand infection and pulmonary tuberculosis is extremely rare. We present a case report of M kansasii infection of the hand and forearm, with carpal tunnel syndrome complicated by concomitant pulmonary M tuberculosis.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Mycobacterium xenopi infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Mycobacterium xenopi is one of the most frequently isolated nontuberculous mycobacteria in Ontario, Canada. We reviewed the records of 28 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients from whom M. xenopi was isolated between 1982 and 1995. M. xenopi was recovered from respiratory specimens from 24 patients, most of whom had clinical and radiographic evidence of pulmonary disease. However, coexistent pulmonary infection due to other pathogens was found in 17 patients: Pneumocystis carinii (9 patients), cytomegalovirus (5), Haemophilus influenzae (2), Mycobacterium avium complex (2), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Staphylococcus aureus (1), Aspergillus species (1), and Histoplasma capsulatum (1). Three patients had bacteremia with M. xenopi, including two patients with pulmonary infection. Two of the bacteremic patients had chronic fever and a wasting syndrome. Twenty-one (75%) of the 28 patients were thought to be colonized, and seven patients (25%; of whom four had CD4 cell counts of < or = 50/mm3) were thought to have significant infection due to M. xenopi. Sixteen patients died, but in no case was death attributable to M. xenopi infection. In a region where M. xenopi is a relatively common mycobacterial isolate, the organism frequently colonizes HIV-infected patients. Significant disease occurs in those patients with more advanced HIV infection.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

[Value of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in diagnosis of tuberculosis and mycobacterium infections caused by ubiquitous mycobacteria].

The rise in both incidence and the number of multi-drug-resistant strains has made tuberculosis an alarming health problem even in some developed countries. Moreover, due to the HIV pandemic an increase in mycobacterial diseases caused by ubiquitous mycobacteria has been observed. The microbiological standard procedures are critical diagnostic tools, and a more rapid detection of mycobacteria by new laboratory techniques would be helpful. We investigated the role of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of M. tuberculosis complex and of ubiquitous mycobacteria. 580 clinical specimens obtained from 525 patients were examined. The majority of sampled material was bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Based on cultural identification of mycobacteria, the incidence of tuberculosis in our patients was 3.4%. For detection of M. tuberculosis complex the insertion sequence IS 6110 was used. Relative to cultural identification, diagnostic specificity of PCR was 99.5%, and sensitivity was 66.7%, respectively. In 3.0% of the total patient group and in 8.8% of HIV-infected patients an infection by ubiquitous mycobacteria was found. Ubiquitous mycobacteria were detected using the hypervariable region of the 16S-rRNA-gene, and species-identification was done by sequence analysis. For ubiquitous mycobacteria, sensitivity of PCR was 60.0% relative to cultural identification and 62.5% relative to a proven disease. PCR is a useful method in the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis with excellent specificity but lack of sensitivity.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2002

Successful treatment with faropenem and clarithromycin of pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus infection.

Mycobacterium abscessus accounts for 80% of rapidly growing mycobacterial pulmonary infections and can be lethal. Treatment is difficult because of the paucity of effective drugs. We describe a patient with pulmonary M. abscessus infection who was treated with a regimen that included faropenem, a novel oral penem, and clarithromycin. He showed favorable responses to the treatment for more than 12 months. In vitro, faropenem had considerable inhibitory activities against 56 strains of rapidly growing mycobacteria, including M. peregrinum, M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, and M. abscessus (stated in order of increasing minimal inhibitory concentrations). Thus, faropenem has the potential to be used as an adjunctive drug with clarithromycin for the treatment of infection with rapidly growing mycobacteria, including M. abscessus.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗