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PubMed1990

Neonatal mortality determinants in Jamaica.

The Jamaican Perinatal Survey included among its objectives the quantification of the island's neonatal mortality rate, the identification of the causes of these deaths (Wigglesworth Classification), and the determination of characteristics of both mother and infant that are associated with increased mortality. A death questionnaire was completed on babies who were born between September 1986 and August 1987, and who died in the neonatal period throughout the island of Jamaica. The neonatal mortality rate was 17.9 per 1000 live births with early and late rates of 16.0 and 1.9 per 1000, respectively. The major contributors to neonatal demise were prematurity and intrapartum asphyxia (74 per cent). Twins had a seven-fold greater risk of dying than singletons. Babies born to mothers under 15 years had a four-fold greater risk of dying than those of mothers 25-29 years. The neonatal mortality rate for Jamaica is high, with room for improvement, particularly in the prevention of perinatal asphyxia.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1994

Causes and factors affecting perinatal mortality at Princess Basma Teaching Hospital in North Jordan.

This is the first study about the perinatal mortality in North Jordan. Between 1st June 1991 and 31st May 1992, 8,146 deliveries took place at Princess Basma Teaching Hospital. There were 250 perinatal deaths comprised of 124 stillbirths and 126 early neonatal deaths. The perinatal mortality rate was 30.6 per 1,000. The factors which might have affected this rate were mainly prematurity, low birth weight, unexplained intrauterine fetal death, and congenital malformations. The possible ways of improving the results are discussed.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1991

Determinants of maternal mortality in the developing world.

Maternal mortality is the culmination of a series of detrimental events in a woman's life, pregnancy being the last one. The underlying pathology is the lack of education, sanitation, accessible health care, as well as poor nutrition and poverty. These affect women during pregnancy and childbirth when they are more vulnerable. This 10-year review of literature from the developing world focuses on, and discusses the determinants of maternal mortality. Methods of reducing maternal mortality through policy addressing health care needs are touched on.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed1984

Temperament and infant mortality among the Masai of East Africa.

On the basis of Western studies suggesting that infants with difficult temperaments are at greater risk for behavioral and physical disorders, the author postulated that Masai infants with difficult temperaments would be at greater risk in the harsh environment created by the sub-Saharan drought in 1974, which disrupted the life of the Masai people of East Africa and resulted in increased infant mortality. Two groups of infants with difficult and easy temperaments were defined and followed. Contrary to expectations, mortality was greater for the infants with easy temperaments. The infant's contribution, child-rearing orientation, and feeding practices were factors influencing survival.

Africa, Eastern↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal mortality in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: a study of risk factors.

The objective of this study was to determine which background factors predispose women to maternal mortality at the Obafemi Awolowo University Hospital in Nigeria. The study examined 35 cases of maternal death occurring in the hospital during the period 1 October 1989 to 30 April 1991. The control group comprised 35 women who were admitted to the hospital with similar complications during the same period, but who survived. Both cases and controls were investigated for their sociodemographic characteristics, their use of prenatal care, and the incidence of delay in clinical management. The results showed that the maternal deaths involved women who were younger and of poorer socioeconomic status than the women in the control group. Both groups showed an equal lack of prenatal care. However, a higher incidence of delayed treatment was found in the management of the cases of maternal deaths. Maternal mortality in the study population can be reduced through improved transportation and institutional management, and, on a long-term basis, through the adoption of measures to improve the socioeconomic status of women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Family planning and maternal and child care in present-day society].

The evidence is provided of a close relationship between the features of women's reproductive behaviour, their health status and the health of their children: the lack of rational planning child-birth results in increasing maternal and infant mortality rates, prematurity, birth of unwanted children. The use of abortions as one of the basic means of birth control produces a negative effect, i.e. they are a frequent cause of sterility, gynaecological diseases, complicated future pregnancies and deliveries. There is a description of the priority tasks and conditions for the effective introduction of family planning into the everyday life--the necessity of taking into account sociopsychological, regional aspects of birth control within a family, demographic situation at the local level; identification of women populations which are in need of family planning activities.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1991

Levels and risk factors for perinatal mortality in Ahmedabad, India.

To estimate levels and determinants of perinatal mortality, we conducted a hospital-based surveillance and case-control study, linked with a population survey, in Ahmedabad, India. The perinatal mortality rate was 79.0 per 1000, and was highest for preterm low-birth-weight babies. The case-control study of 451 stillbirths, 160 early neonatal deaths and 1465 controls showed that poor maternal nutritional status, absence of antenatal care, and complications during labour were independently associated with substantially increased risks of perinatal death. Multivariate analyses indicate that socioeconomic factors largely operate through these proximate factors and do not have an independent effect. Estimates of attributable risk derived from the prevalence of exposures in the population survey suggest that improvements in maternal nutrition and antenatal and intrapartum care could result in marked reductions of perinatal mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Abortion as a cause of maternal mortality].

It has been shown that 65.8% of 343 women died in the second trimester and 69.6% after an illegal abortion. Sepsis and peritonitis were the main causes in the general population (73.9%) and in women who died from illegal abortions (88.6%). Defects in medical care were found.

Abortion, Illegal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fertility and health in Mexico].

Fertility, health, and family planning are not independent factors, but rather involve a series of biological and social mechanisms in close interaction with one another. The impact that a high fertility rate has on health is reflected mainly in a rise in the rates of maternal and child mortality. Similarly, fertility has a greater negative effect upon the health of groups characterized by high reproductive risk, high parity, short intergenesic intervals, and unwanted pregnancies. On the other hand, family planning -and specifically the use of contraceptive methods-helps to achieve a lowering of the fertility rate and also has a positive effect on maternal-child health. This situation can be observed in the case of Mexico, where fertility rates and tendencies, as well as maternal and child mortality, have been reduced during the past decade.

Family Planning Services↗
PubMed1995

The Lao People's Democratic Republic: maternal mortality and female mortality: determining causes of deaths.

A sample of 380 female deaths in the age group 15-49 years from 16 provinces of the Lao People's Democratic Republic were analyzed to determine the most likely cause of death. 127 deaths were classified as maternal, 28% occurred during pregnancy and the remaining 72% within six weeks of the termination of pregnancy. Almost three quarters of all maternal deaths were directly related to obstetrical complications during pregnancy or childbirth. Many of these deaths could probably have been avoided, if appropriate obstetric care had been available. The level of attention to problems related to maternity and childbirth needs to be raised at all responsible levels of the health service system. This must start at the health facility where attending nurses and midwives should be oriented towards pregnancy-related problems and early detection of high-risk women, with appropriate supervisory support. District and national administrations should also focus more on maternity services within their Primary Health Care programme.

Adolescent↗