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Prospects for cooperative management of international migration in the 21st century.

"This essay attempts, first, to identify patterns and trends from an overview of the modern history of international migration. It examines, then, aspects of human agency and macro-systematic factors to sift for clues as to the future role of international migration and prospects for cooperation management of it. Finally, specific features of the regional migration system in Asia are identified, which will contribute to shape the future course of international migration."

Asia↗

International migrations to and from Zimbabwe and the influence of political changes on population movements, 1965-1987.

"This article suggests that the special case of [international migration in] southern African countries (Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe), in which the majority of permanent movers have historically been whites of European origin, requires that greater attention should be given to the politico-structural context of voluntary international migrations [as compared to economic motivation]. Statistical data on international migrations to and from Zimbabwe during the past quarter of a century are used to demonstrate that the temporal magnitude and spatial patterns of population movements are best explained by reference to the changing political, rather than economic, conditions within the country."

Africa↗

"Race", gender, and internal migration within England and Wales.

"First, the propensity of men and women to engage in interregional migration within the Pakistani and West Indian populations in England and Wales is examined for differentials, and these propensities are compared with those derived from a white, control population. Second, the main spatial flows of long-distance gender-specific migration are described. Third, the rewards which different groups derive from internal migration are considered and any gender discrepancies are highlighted. Last, the conjunction of 'race', gender, marital status, and migration is investigated to see whether certain subgroups suffer a treble jeopardy and whether this is exacerbated or alleviated by different gender roles within the Afro-Caribbean and Pakistani populations."

Culture↗

[International migration and development: the new paradigms].

"In the present context of economic crisis which prevails in most receiving countries, two paradigms dominate the approach of international migration issues: ¿control', as a means to contain them, and ¿development', as a means to suppress the need to migrate.... The author [stresses] the need for research aimed at a better understanding of why consequences of international migration and refugee movements can be positive in certain cases, and negative in others, and more generally [emphasizes] the need for research on the relationships between international migration and development." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Demography↗